List of Articles اقلیم

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  1 - Climate Change Assessment in Ardebil province during 2011-2030
  ladan kazemi rad
  10.29252/.1.1.39
  Outputs of GCMs downscaled by LARS-WG model for assessing the Climate Change in Ardebil Province. Outputs from 2 GCMs models (MPEH5, HADCM3) based on 2 scenarios (A2, B1) were used for predicting climatic parameters during 2011-2030. Model that has lowest difference com More

  Outputs of GCMs downscaled by LARS-WG model for assessing the Climate Change in Ardebil Province. Outputs from 2 GCMs models (MPEH5, HADCM3) based on 2 scenarios (A2, B1) were used for predicting climatic parameters during 2011-2030. Model that has lowest difference compared to the average results has chosen as a suitable model for predicting the future. Outputs of chosen Model were compared with the base data to determine their trends. The results showed that minimum and maximum temperatures (0.4 ° C) and dry day length (9 days) will increase. Also rainfall (27.5 mm), wet day length (9 days), hot day length (2 days) and frost day length (4 days) will decrease in the period of future. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Assessing the implications of climate change on food security and rural livelihoods Case Study : Rural Farmers in Migan Nehbandan
  Javad Mikaniki Morteza Esmailnejad Mohammad Akbarpour Mahmaoud Falsoleyman
  This paper aims to investigate the impact of climate change on food security in the villages of the Migan village of Nehbandan district of South Khorasan. In order to achieve this goal, target groups (100 households were randomly selected) were identified to measure th More

  This paper aims to investigate the impact of climate change on food security in the villages of the Migan village of Nehbandan district of South Khorasan. In order to achieve this goal, target groups (100 households were randomly selected) were identified to measure the impact of climate change on food security and were indexed to identify the various domains of food security. These indicators include indicators of access to rural food insecurity and food insecurity ranges of rural households. Finally, rural households were classified in terms of food security in four groups: mild food security, moderate food security, food insecurity. Changes in key food security and household livelihoods as a result of climatic changes in the region have been clarified with regard to field observations and key interviews with rural people. The main finding is that societies that have never experienced extreme temperatures, drought and dust have not experienced it, they are currently in abundance. The research findings revealed that all households in the statistical community have food insecurityHouseholds vulnerable to climate change recorded a high level of food insecurity. Households prefer to adopt a variety of strategies in response to climate change that helps improve household food security. Non-agricultural incomes play an important role in reducing food insecurity in households. Manuscript profile
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  3 - gating the relationship between ecotourism and creating rural employment opportunities with an emphasis on the role of the climate (Case study: Masal)
  saeid kamyabi saeid kamyabi
  tourism or the tourism of nature is a kind of sustainable tourism that is possible with the participation of indigenous operators and the exploitation of natural tourism potential. Masal has not been developed in terms of facilities and facilities in comparison with oth More

  tourism or the tourism of nature is a kind of sustainable tourism that is possible with the participation of indigenous operators and the exploitation of natural tourism potential. Masal has not been developed in terms of facilities and facilities in comparison with other cities in the province of Gilan. In fact, it is a kind of village. With proper and proper planning, it can be the basis for its comprehensive development, but before It is necessary to recognize and introduce the capabilities and capabilities of this city. Therefore, the purpose of this study is the feasibility of the development of Ecotourism in Masal with an emphasis on the role of the climate with the creation of employment opportunities in the city and its villages. In fact, in this research, an attempt is made to find an appropriate and desirable answer to these research questions. : Is it possible to say that the main reason for employment in the city and villages of Masal is the tourist attraction and the climate and climate of the region? 2 Is there a correlation between the natural attractions and climatology of the city of Masal and the attraction of tourists in this region? The present research is a descriptive-analytic (inferential statistics) correlation method for the purpose of applied research. The method of data collection is in the form of library and field studies. In addition, the analytical unit in this research was the individual and the statistical population of all the experts and experts in the field of urban tourism and the rural functions of Masal (about 150 people) and due to the limited statistical population of the census. Collected data was analyzed by a questionnaire after encoding and transmitted to SPSS 19 computer software. To test the hypotheses, one-variable, one-way, one-way, one-way, and Friedman tests. The results of this research indicate that there is a significant relationship between the tourist attraction of Masal city and the employment rate of people in this city between the amount of climate impact and the attraction of tourism in Masal and between the education level of employed in Masal city and tourism attraction. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Time and Space Changes of Air Pollutants Using GIS (Case Study: North Semnan Tehran
  mohsen ranjbar Batoul Bahak
  Tehran's metropolitan area is considered one of the most polluting cities in the world due to population concentration, indoor and suburban industries, vehicular traffic, high fossil fuel consumption, special geographical location, unique climate and topographic feature More

  Tehran's metropolitan area is considered one of the most polluting cities in the world due to population concentration, indoor and suburban industries, vehicular traffic, high fossil fuel consumption, special geographical location, unique climate and topographic features. Not be The main objective of this study was to investigate and analyze the temporal and spatial behavior of pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, troposphere ozone, suspended particles, and sulfur dioxide) in the northern part of Tehran. In order to investigate the changes of air pollutants in temporal and spatial scales, data from meteorological stations and pollutant stations were used by Air Quality Control Company and Tehran Environmental Organization during the years 1387- 1387. Data were calculated using SPSS and Excel software and the results of statistical analyzes of the distribution of pollutants in spatial and temporal scales using Arc GIS 9.3 software and the Inverse Distance Inverse Interpolation (IDW) function as maps Tables and charts are prepared and drawn up. Based on the results of the study, the concentration of three pollutants of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the winter peak, but the concentration of suspended particles and ozone troposphere in summer is higher. All pollutants showed significant correlation with climatic elements. The correlation coefficient of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide with negative wind and positive pressure and surface temperature are positive. The correlation of ozone and particulate matter with the temperature and wind speed is positive and with negative pressure and humidity. Spatial distribution of centers with severe pollution is mainly due to the severity of pollution, mainly around the crisis headquarters, the Municipality of District 7, Sharif University and the Rocks Park, Aqdasiya and Puncak Manuscript profile
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  5 - Analysis of Climatic Fluctuations Elements and Their Effects on Jarahi River Discharge Operation using Non-Parametric Methods
  Reza برنا
  River flow changes over time could be the effects of climate change or lack of change in the region is clear. Research on the part of the river basins in the southern province of Khuzestan Jarahi done to examine the impact of climate change on river discharges in the re More

  River flow changes over time could be the effects of climate change or lack of change in the region is clear. Research on the part of the river basins in the southern province of Khuzestan Jarahi done to examine the impact of climate change on river discharges in the region is.Accordingly, in this study to investigate the variability of climate, especially temperature, rainfall and hydrological conditions of the non-parametric Man-Kendall test and yield age is MAKESENS software. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, fluctuations in temperature and precipitation for the period of thirty years (1983-2013) examined and it was found that the temperature fluctuations in the rally and Kendall statistics about 2/21, and the age profile yield 0.3 respectively, both of which were significant at 95%. Precipitation in the region have generally negative trend, indicating a decline in the region is the atmospheric precipitation, however, that these fluctuations are investigated any significant non-parametric Debit fluctuations in all studied stations downside is that these trends to test Mann-Kendall statistics, on average, about -2/4 and yield index age of -1/22 And significant at 95 and 99 percent. The results of this research can be said to increased fluctuations in temperature and decrease in rainfall during this period of reduced river flows largely affected. Manuscript profile
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  6 - An analysis of the geopolitics of the Kurdish region of Iraq after the collapse of ISIS
  Qiuomars Yazdanpanah Dero hassan kamran  
  The Kurdish regions of Iraq, centered on two traditional parties, the Patriotic Union and the Democratic Party, were created with the opportunities created after the collapse of the Ba'ath regime. They were able to take power and gain countless powers in the economic, s More

  The Kurdish regions of Iraq, centered on two traditional parties, the Patriotic Union and the Democratic Party, were created with the opportunities created after the collapse of the Ba'ath regime. They were able to take power and gain countless powers in the economic, security and political fields of the new Iraqi structure. In the new Iraqi structure, the Kurdistan Region is centered on the Democratic Party in the areas of security, economic, foreign policy, territoriality, and so on. Acting unilaterally And, instead of the nature of the intergovernmental pattern of interaction with the central government of Iraq, it has followed the pattern of opposition and has been challenged by the central government. Following the ISIS invasion of Iraq, the common enemy on the one hand has led to military cooperation between the Kurdistan Region and the central government of Iraq. On the other hand, the security vacuum created in the disputed areas has led to the cultivation and sale of oil in those areas by the climate and has exacerbated the challenges with the central government. The opposition of the Democratic Party to the central government in the fields of economic and security and the excessive alignment with Turkey has caused the crisis and dissatisfaction of other parties in the Kurdistan region. And this situation has made the Patriotic Union closer to Iran as a regional power, in order to balance the political currents with regard to the common historical background. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method and library-based sources and documents to analyze the geopolitical analysis of the Kurdistan region after the collapse of ISIS. The results of the research show that the ISIL war with regard to its capabilities has led the Democratic Party to intensify its opposition to the central government and the proximity to Turkey as well as to the balance of power in relation to the regional powers of the Patriotic Union toward Iran. It is more likely that the possibility of the geopolitical division of Iraqi Kurdistan between the regional powers (Iran and Turkey) is more likely. Manuscript profile
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  7 - The study of contemporary Kurdish history in Iran from the perspective of social textbooks, history and geography of high school of the Kurdistan region of Iraq
    Mohammad   
  The development of a national and ethnic identity in the periphery of Iran has become widespread in recent decades. The process of geopolitical developments and the formation of new political units around Iran has strengthened this in relation to shaping identity or fri More

  The development of a national and ethnic identity in the periphery of Iran has become widespread in recent decades. The process of geopolitical developments and the formation of new political units around Iran has strengthened this in relation to shaping identity or friction. Among these areas is the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, which after being successful in autonomy, the regional culture began to formulate a formal reading of history to create an identity support for the people of this region. In historical studies, the relativity of this region with the history of Iran can be consider as three periods: in ancient times, the Islamic period and contemporary, these courses can be divided and differentiated. The two previous periods have been review in separate articles. The study of the official history of Kurdistan Region in contemporary history, especially in relation to the common political and historical events between Iran and the Kurdistan Region, is explore. This research based on descriptive-analytical method and with the data was gathering tool through library studies. The textbooks of social studies, history and geography of the high school of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, have been investigated and analyzed. The results indicate that the official education system approach in the Kurdistan region to the category of Iranian history and identity is not the same as the ancient era and in most cases, there is a kind of heterogeneity in the readings of the Kurds in Iran with what is in the Kurdistan Region textbooks. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Investigating the Effects of Climate Change on Runoff in the Caravan River
  elnaz khazai mohamadreza poodineh mohsen hamidian
  The phenomenon of climate change has occurred in recent decades as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions and a general warming of the earth. Which has led to significant changes in the meteorological elements and as a result of the status of water resources in More

  The phenomenon of climate change has occurred in recent decades as a result of increased greenhouse gas emissions and a general warming of the earth. Which has led to significant changes in the meteorological elements and as a result of the status of water resources in the regions. Short term droughts, large floods, marine hurricanes ... are among the consequences of climate change. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of climate change on the runoff of the Caravandr River. In this study, the CORDEX data of the REMO model was used under two RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios during the baseline period (1365-1384) and the upcoming timeframe (1434-1400). In this research, SDSM and Linear Scaling were used for micromachining of climatic data. The results of the SDSM model showed that there is no acceptable correlation between the Caravander River runoff and the 26 major climate scale parameters (NCEP). Linear scaling method was followed by high correlation between precipitation and runoff and the REMO climatic model showed good performance in simulating climatic parameters. The climate parameters were simulated for the upcoming period (1434-1400) and compared with the observation period (1365-1384). According to the results of this study, it can be said that the runoff of the whole basin has increased in both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios in the future time series. The water assessment and planning (WEAP) model was used to study the effect of climate change on water allocation. The results of the WEAP model for three scenarios: increase in agricultural land, industrial progress and population growth indicate an increase in water demand in the catchment area and an increase in unprovched needs for agriculture, drinking and industry in the region. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Simulation and prediction of climatic parameters of temperature and precipitation in arid regions (Case study: Minab Plain, Iran)
  Hassan Khosravi Hamed Eskandari Damaneh غلامرضا زهتابیان Hossein Azarnivand Aliakbar  Barati
  هn this study, the temperature and precipitation monthly averages of two synoptic stations of Bandar-Abbas and Minab were investigated during two periods (2044-20-2015 and 2074-2074) based on the general atmospheric circulation model outputs (CanESM2) and three scenario More

  هn this study, the temperature and precipitation monthly averages of two synoptic stations of Bandar-Abbas and Minab were investigated during two periods (2044-20-2015 and 2074-2074) based on the general atmospheric circulation model outputs (CanESM2) and three scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). Then, the trend of these two parameters was evaluated using Mann-Kendall (MK) test. Also, the simulated and observational data were evaluated using three coefficients including NS, R2, RMSE. The investigation of these coefficients showed high ability of SDSM model for modeling of precipitation and temperature parameters at both stations. According to the results, annual precipitation in RCP2.6 scenario of Bandar-Abbas synoptic station and RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios of Minab station will decrease and the most reduction of rainfall will be related to Minab synoptic station. The average amount of temperature for the future in RCP8.5 emission scenario is more than other emission scenarios. Generally, these results indicated that temperature values will increase at the beginning of the 21st century in the Minab Plain, and the rainfall will increase just in RCP2.6 scenarios. While in the middle of the 20th century (2074-2045) at Minab and Bandar-Abbas synoptic stations, the temperature reduction is observed only in the RCP2.6 scenarios on an annual scale. Therefore, considering the reduction of rainfall and increasing of temperature and also their role in evapotranspiration enhancement, planners and authorities are recommended to seek solutions for proper management of water resources and modification of utilization methods in these areas, especially in the agricultural section and also use solutions to adapt to the new weather conditions in these regions. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Quintuple Areas of Regional-writing in Contemporary Story Literature of Iran
  Reza صادقی شهپر
  Dividing authors and their works based on their geographical location and birthplace is appropriate and true only when their similar features connect them to each other, otherwise naming a school and style of its authors’ works only based on their regional trend toward More

  Dividing authors and their works based on their geographical location and birthplace is appropriate and true only when their similar features connect them to each other, otherwise naming a school and style of its authors’ works only based on their regional trend toward an area is meaningless and un-justifiable. Regional stories have similar and harmonic features and are accepted in connection with a special region and appropriate with birthplaces of authors and effects that they get from a special region. It is these effects from regional environment and its reflection in stories that caused some sort of similarities among works of some authors living in a same region and simultaneously caused some sort of differences with works of authors from other regions. Author in this article, after expressing the history of schooling in Iran’s contemporary story writing and their criticisms, proposes a new, precise and systematic division of regional story-writing based on definite and defined criteria and defines five area or branch of regional story-writing based on this criteria: north, south, Khorasan, west (Kerman Shah) and Azerbaijan in Iran’s contemporary story writing from constitutional era to Islamic Revolution. Manuscript profile
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  11 - A Study of Local Color Features in The Stories Of Bijan Najdi
  Mohammad mahmoodi
  Local Color fiction includes stories in which the natural geography and the cultural, social, political and historical elements and characteristics of the climate play an important role in the structure and narration of the story. The flow of Local Color fiction lite More

  Local Color fiction includes stories in which the natural geography and the cultural, social, political and historical elements and characteristics of the climate play an important role in the structure and narration of the story. The flow of Local Color fiction literature began in earnest in the 30s in Iran and is divided into climatic regions of the south, west, east, Azerbaijan and north. Bijan Najdi is one of the writers of the northern region whose stories mostly take place in the northern climate and the various natural, cultural, social and political elements of this climate are reflected in them. The purpose of this article is to investigate how the climatic elements of the North influence Najdi's stories and the research findings show that Najdi has a conscious interaction with the climatic elements around him and these elements are an important part of the main structure and atmosphere of the narrative of his stories. The indigenous nature of the North plays an important role in the narration and atmosphere, objectification of the mentality of the characters and the social and political representation of the society and its consequences in Najdi's storiesand the events and adventures of the story are formed in harmony with the natural geographical environment. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Normative analysis of precipitation characteristics and Iranian water resources in the texts of Iranian geographers
  mohammad hosein ramesht Farokh  Malekzadeh Somayeh Sadat  shahzeidi
  Geographical researchers provide normative interpretations, of the territorial characteristics of Iran. According to most writings, the amount of precipitation in Iran is less than one-third of the global average. When it comes to the time of precipitation, it is contra More

  Geographical researchers provide normative interpretations, of the territorial characteristics of Iran. According to most writings, the amount of precipitation in Iran is less than one-third of the global average. When it comes to the time of precipitation, it is contrasted with the time of water need, and regarding the spatial distribution and pattern of the precipitation, the heterogeneous distribution is considered along with random and flood patterns. Now the question is that whether we are allowed to offer normative interpretations of this situation as scientific researchers, and if there are appropriate strategies that can turn these characteristics into opportunities. The present study has tried to answer these questions by relying on the phenomenological method and analyzing the texts of 50 works by Iranian geographers based on the Janet method along with the use of central core indicators, maximum repetitions, Brust Detection, and centrality of the CiteSpace. The results of the study show that: • Normative loading is not permissible in the field of science for identifying the precipitation characteristics and water resources of Iran; • The climatic characteristics of a region shape its territorial identity, and strategic planning policies should be a function of it; and • Normative analysis of the climatic characteristics of Iran is mostly the product of the dominant positivism of Iranian geographers. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Social Resilience to Climate Change; Indigenous and Non-indigenous Cash Rent Farming? (Case study: Potato farmers in Kermanshah Province
  shahpar geravandi Hadis Heidari Hossein Agahi
  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the social resilience of indigenous and non-indigenous cash rent farming to climate change. Also, the study was a descriptive cross-sectional used in the design. The research was carried out in Kermanshah province. The More

  The purpose of the present study was to investigate the social resilience of indigenous and non-indigenous cash rent farming to climate change. Also, the study was a descriptive cross-sectional used in the design. The research was carried out in Kermanshah province. The populations consist of potato Farmers (Indigenous and Non-indigenous Cash Rent Farming). The farmers have selected a stratified random sampling method from a list developed by researchers. A questionnaire was used for data collection. This instrument was designed based 5S model. The validity and reliability of questionnaire were confirmed by experts and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Based on the result, the composite index showed that, Indigenous tenants in the dimensions; Social structure, social justice, and social capital and non-indigenous tenants in the dimensions: social structure, social mechanism, and social beliefs accounted for the largest amounts. Also, according to the results obtained from the study, among the two systems, the Non-indigenous cash rent farming has the highest amount of social resilience (18.89) to climate change compared to the Indigenous tenants(15.59). Manuscript profile
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  14 - Comparative Analysis of laws related to land Use in the Framework of Multilevel Climatic Governance (Case Study: Qazvin Urban Region)
  mostafa momeni naser barakpour
  Urbanization and climate change are two global phenomena and are inherently correlated. Land use, as one of the most important factors in this field, affects climate change in various ways. One way to manage this issue is to use multilevel climate governance, which prov More

  Urbanization and climate change are two global phenomena and are inherently correlated. Land use, as one of the most important factors in this field, affects climate change in various ways. One way to manage this issue is to use multilevel climate governance, which provides a flexible conceptual framework for understanding the relationship between cities, regions, and national governments related to mitigation and adaptation strategies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the laws related to land use according to the criteria of the governing by authority in the framework of multilevel climate governance in Qazvin urban region. In this study, the method of documentary research and the technique of systematic review of texts and in order to comply with the criteria of the governing by authority and legal materials in the laws and regulations, the comparative-analytical method has been used. In this way, 10 laws regarding the existence of legal articles were evaluated, in which local government officials have been given authority in the field of land use planning. The results of the study indicate that ther are different challenges such as the impact of policies and strategies of development documents on decisions, differences between decisions and upstream documents, differences in the type of reference review and licensing, legal gaps in related laws and inconsistencies in implementation in the field of land use planning in Qazvin urban region, and some decisions are based on less delegated authority at the local level, and the resulting actions are more vulnerable. Manuscript profile
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  15 - Identification and Prioritizing the barriers to effective utilization of Mechanisms of ‎United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)‎‏ ‏by Emphasizing on organizational training based on the Three-Dimensional Model
  Somayeh Oryan Seyed Mohammad  Shobeiri Mehran Farajollahi
  This study aimed at investigating‏ ‏and prioritizing the pathology of organizational training on financial and ‎non-financial mechanisms of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by a ‎diagnostic trichotomy model. This study was exploratory resea More

  This study aimed at investigating‏ ‏and prioritizing the pathology of organizational training on financial and ‎non-financial mechanisms of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by a ‎diagnostic trichotomy model. This study was exploratory research and its methodology was developmental ‎and applied research method. In terms of data collection was combined (quantitative and qualitative) ‎research. The review documents and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection tools. In order to ‎analyze the data, the content analysis for classifying method was used and interviews were conducted with 40 ‎elite and specialists, who were selected purposefully. At the first stage, After extracting 212 barriers and ‎removing repeated elements, 44 relevant concepts and contents classified into one of the three (structural, ‎behavioral, environmental/context) dimensions of the model as a questionnaire.‎‏ ‏Through Lawshe content ‎validity, 36 barriers were selected and reliability by 0.812 Cronbach coefficient alpha‎ were confirmed. ‎Thereafter, this obstacles were prioritized by Fuzzy Delphi method. At the third stage, it was examined how ‎each barriers related legal, economic, political, administrative and environmental conditions‏ ‏influenced each ‎other’s through ISM and MICMAC techniques.‎‏ ‏The results demonstrated that after international and national ‎laws and legal issues, educational process was second effective item. Need assessment for different levels and ‎stakeholders, lack of instructors familiar with the subject and lack of appropriate educational contents as the ‎priority issues had been recognized.‎ Manuscript profile
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  16 - Prediction of carbon price forecast using time series analysis
  Roya Abedi
  Many economic tools have been proposed and used to reduce climate change. Carbon trading is one of these market-based tools that is recognized as a cost-effective way to change climate and environmental issues. Today, the issue of carbon sequestration and bioenergy prod More

  Many economic tools have been proposed and used to reduce climate change. Carbon trading is one of these market-based tools that is recognized as a cost-effective way to change climate and environmental issues. Today, the issue of carbon sequestration and bioenergy production versus fossil fuels is great concern of governments, and many efforts have been made to reduce or control carbon dioxide emissions. The aim of this study is to investigate carbon price fluctuations and predict price trends based on historical carbon price data in the time series 2005-2020. Data were analyzed by regression analysis based on Fuller augmented Dicky after eliminating inflation. The results show that the trend of carbon prices has fluctuated during this period. The average expected price of carbon is 3,303,589 Iranian Rials.Many economic tools have been proposed and used to reduce climate change. Carbon trading is one of these market-based tools that is recognized as a cost-effective way to change climate and environmental issues. Today, the issue of carbon sequestration and bioenergy production versus fossil fuels is great concern of governments, and many efforts have been made to reduce or control carbon dioxide emissions. The aim of this study is to investigate carbon price fluctuations and predict price trends based on historical carbon price data in the time series 2005-2020. Data were analyzed by regression analysis based on Fuller augmented Dicky after eliminating inflation. the trend of carbon prices has ش fluctuated during this period. The average expected price of carbon is 3,303,589 Iranian Rials. Manuscript profile
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  17 - مقایسه وضعیت تاب آوري اجتماعي نوع نظام بهره برداري در برابر تغییرات اقلیمی (مورد مطالعه: سیب زمینی کاران شهرستان كرمانشاه)
   
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  18 - Investigation of the Effect of Thermal Insulation of Walls in Rural Housing of Cold Climate (Case Study: Nazmabad Village, Arak City)
  milad haddadi Yousef  Nikzad Samarin Seyyed Amirhossein  Garakani
  Rural housing under the livelihood influence has characteristics that distinguish it from urban housing. The most significant point in contemporary architecture is the excessive use of non-renewable energies. The main reason for this is the lack of desirable design rega More

  Rural housing under the livelihood influence has characteristics that distinguish it from urban housing. The most significant point in contemporary architecture is the excessive use of non-renewable energies. The main reason for this is the lack of desirable design regardless of climatic conditions. Therefore, the correct utilization of local materials in rural areas such as renewable energy can improve thermal comfort conditions. One of the important issues in saving energy in rural areas is that rural settlements face additional problems, including lack of access to the gas network, fuel supply costs, fuel transportation maintenance risks, and electricity costs. In this study, the effectiveness of wall insulation in the cold climate of rural housing is investigated in Markazi province. In the meantime, according to the living conditions, the insulation of walls exposed to heat exchange should be considered a first step. Therefore, the purpose of this study, apart from optimizing external walls, is to consider thermal comfort. In this research, the principle is to examine the energy consumption of rural housing in the desired area without imposing excessive costs, with the most basic solutions. Manuscript profile
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  19 - Investigating the relationship between climate and tourism trends in the northeastern half of Iran
  abdolmotalleb  karimzadeh Rahim Bardi Anamoradinejad elahe moradi
  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between climatic conditions and the effect of climate on the development and trend of tourism in the eastern half of northern Iran. In this study, circulation climate index (TCI) and 7 climatic variables have bee More

  The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between climatic conditions and the effect of climate on the development and trend of tourism in the eastern half of northern Iran. In this study, circulation climate index (TCI) and 7 climatic variables have been used to calculate the values ​​of major and minor TCI indices. These climatic data for a period of 20 years from 1990 to 2011 related to the synoptic station of Khorasan Razavi province, north and south were received through the website of the Meteorological Organization. In order to zoning the tourism climate conditions of the northeastern half of Iran from the conversion of station point information to surface information, GIS software was used. The tourist climate conditions of Northeast Iran were studied on a monthly basis using the tourist climate index. The results for each month are presented separately in the research findings. The results showed that the TCI index in different regions of the study area has a great variety. According to the annual characteristics of the index (TCI) in the provinces, May, June, July, August and September (May, June, July, August and September) have the best conditions in terms of climatic comfort of tourists and the month January, February, November and March (December, January, February and March) have the worst conditions in this regard. The study and comparison of the results obtained from the TCI index for different regions of the province indicate the concordance and appropriateness of the research results with the climatic realities of these regions. Manuscript profile
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  20 - Paris climate change conference and its impact on international Cooperation
  Hadi  Ajili  Askari
  Paris Climate Conference was held in a different manner related to the previous ones. The difference was in determining countries pledges. In this conference states themselves determined their share of mitigation of greenhouse gases. In previous conferences pledges were More

  Paris Climate Conference was held in a different manner related to the previous ones. The difference was in determining countries pledges. In this conference states themselves determined their share of mitigation of greenhouse gases. In previous conferences pledges were determined through a top down procedure which was not adequate and also parties were not able to fulfill them. But in Paris conference a bottom up procedure was used that helped countries to take pledges, based on their condition and abilities, they are able to fulfill them. The purpose of this research is to answer this question that how Paris climate conference affects international cooperation? This research suggests that the cooperation in Paris can be a model for cooperation in other international fields. Manuscript profile
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  21 - Investigating the effect of climate change on temperature and precipitation using the LARS-WG model (case study: Bashar river basin)
  Hamid reza Panahi Hossein Montaseri Aliakbar Hekmat zadeh Reza Khalili
  The increase of greenhouse gases and the resulting increase in temperature have caused the balance of the earth's climate system and climate changes in most areas of the earth. Therefore, adapting and dealing with climate changes in the water resources sector along with More

  The increase of greenhouse gases and the resulting increase in temperature have caused the balance of the earth's climate system and climate changes in most areas of the earth. Therefore, adapting and dealing with climate changes in the water resources sector along with reducing their reflection should be seriously addressed as part of a comprehensive regional response to the vulnerability caused by climate change. In this study, using LARS-WG exponential microscale software and the HadCM3 oceanic atmospheric general circulation model in the form of different scenarios defined in the fourth IPCC report (basic scenarios), including scenario A1, A2, B1, B2, which are more related to regional issues. And the world is concerned from an economic and environmental point of view, the amount of temperature changes and precipitation in the next 100 years of Bashar river basin was predicted. Then the fifth report scenario (RCP) was used and the results were compared with the basic scenarios. The results showed that in both scenarios in the coming period, we will face a large increase in average air temperature, but the decrease in precipitation will not be significant. In the climate change scenario section, RCPs until the end of the 21st century indicate an increase in temperature and a decrease in precipitation in the coming years. The amount of temperature changes in RCP2.6 was estimated between 3 and 13% and in RCP8.5 between 4 and 14%; This increase in temperature on a large scale increases evaporation and prolongs drought periods. Manuscript profile
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  22 - Investigation of the trend of climate change using simulated data of LARS-WG model in the period of 2011-2030 (Case study: Sardasht region of West Azerbaijan)
  maryam aghaie zahra eslamian
  Given the importance of climate change on the structure of the planet's environment and its in habitants, and will continue to try to understand as much as possible how climate change is happening. In this study in the climatic phase, daily data of minimum temperature, More

  Given the importance of climate change on the structure of the planet's environment and its in habitants, and will continue to try to understand as much as possible how climate change is happening. In this study in the climatic phase, daily data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours of Sardasht synoptic station in the period 1996-1996 were simulated using LARS-WG statistical model and after ensuring the efficiency of this model in Simulation of meteorological parameters in Sardasht region, to study climatic parameters in climate change, data; Three scenarios A2 (maximum scenario), A1B (medium scenario) and B1 (minimum scenario) of HadCM3 model in the period 2030-2011 were scaled with LARS-WG small statistical model. The results showed that according to the estimation of LARS-WG model for the studied scenarios in the future periods, the average temperature of Sardasht watershed will increase by 4 degrees Celsius. The amount of precipitation also shows a 2% increase compared to the base period. The results also show that in general, the performance of Lars model in modeling the meteorological variables of the stations under study is appropriate and can be used to reconstruct the data of stations in the past or Extend this data to the next period. It can also be used to assess the future climate of the province on a local scale. Manuscript profile
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  23 - Local color criticism of the novel The Fig Tree of Temples
  Khadijeh Bahrami Rahnama
  Local color criticism is one of the important approaches in literary criticism that examines the specific climate of a region and its influence on cultural, economic, political, geographical, etc components. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of those writers who has paid special at More

  Local color criticism is one of the important approaches in literary criticism that examines the specific climate of a region and its influence on cultural, economic, political, geographical, etc components. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of those writers who has paid special attention to the climate of the south, and elements of climate criticism can be found in his works, including the fig tree of the temples. Therefore, the present essay has investigated the issue of local and environmental elements in the novel The Fig Tree of Temples with a descriptive and analytical method. The results of the research show that geographical and regional coordinates have an effect on the formation of the type of clothing, architecture, occupations and political developments, and also, the author has reflected extensively on native and local elements, idioms and proverbs in this novel. Local color elements and nature have caused the formation of many popular beliefs, including tying to trees, lighting candles, making sacrifices for trees, etc. The author of the novel has reflected the hot and humid weather and low rainfall in Khuzestan by using Local color imagery, and the nature and climate of the south has become the basis for the conflict between two traditional and modern societies. Ahmad Mahmoud has placed the arrival of foreigners and oil smugglers as a useful tool for people's awakening in this novel. Manuscript profile
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  24 - An analysis on the course of transformation of the identity elements of the Turkmen people in the Local color novel "Yurt"
  Mohammad mahmoodi
  Local color fiction is a type of stories whose events take place in a specific geographical area and different cultural elements such as customs and traditions, type of architecture, clothing, language features, as well as economic, social, It represents the history and More

  Local color fiction is a type of stories whose events take place in a specific geographical area and different cultural elements such as customs and traditions, type of architecture, clothing, language features, as well as economic, social, It represents the history and politics of that region. A part of Local color fiction in Iran is linked with ethnicities and served to represent their identity issues. Some of the stories of the northern region, which are related to the Turkmen-inhabited areas of Golestan province, have a different atmosphere from other stories. In these stories, in addition to the specific Local color features of the north of the country, the cultural and identity elements of the Turkmen inhabitants of the Sahara have also been reflected. In this article, one of the important novels of Turkmen Local color literature has been examined. Seyed Hossein Mirkazemi in the novel "Yort" describes the details of the social lifestyle of the Turkmen people of the Sahara, their cultural identity and the Local color elements of the region and the connection of these elements with the culture and history of the Turkmen. The confrontation between tradition and modernity and the transformation of the social life and identity of the Turkmen people of the Sahara is one of the main themes of the novel Yurt. Manuscript profile
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  25 - Comparative analysis of the role of culture and climate on the design criteria of Qajar houses (case study: "hot and humid" and " mild and humid" climates of Iran)
  Ali  Mashhadi Aila Sinaei
  Throughout history, human has spent his life in different architectural bodies, which is the final product of man's attitude, his behavioral needs, social religious, economic and climatic conditions. The effect of each of the mentioned factors on the configuration of th More

  Throughout history, human has spent his life in different architectural bodies, which is the final product of man's attitude, his behavioral needs, social religious, economic and climatic conditions. The effect of each of the mentioned factors on the configuration of the architectural form of the houses is different, but the influence of culture and climate as the most key factors affecting the architectural characteristics is undeniable. The aim of this research is to get an attitude on the role of culture and climate on the design criteria of Qajar houses in the hot and humid and mild and humid climates of Iran with the approach of comparative analysis in order to find out the influence of each of the physical characteristics from this. Slow identification factors. The research method in this article is in the field of qualitative method and the collection of materials was done by library method and field observation. In the process of analysis, four Qajar houses with two different forms of central courtyard and block were selected in the key cities of the mentioned climates in order to determine the role of culture and climate in the architectural factors through comparative analysis. The results of the research showed that in the hot and humid climate, the criteria of hierarchy, facade and decorations, light and illumination were more influenced by culture and the climate had the greatest impact on the house form, orientation, materials and performance, while In a mild and humid climate, culture has the greatest impact on the geometry, hierarchy and scale of houses, and the climate factor has been effective on the composition, function and form of the house. Manuscript profile
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  26 - The effects of US sanctions on the production of carbon dioxide greenhouse gases in Iran
  fateme ahmadi
  In 2019, Iran ranked eighth in the world in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide produced and polluting the earth, and higher than England, France, Italy, Canada, Turkey, Mexico, Indonesia, etc. But the environmental realities of Iran are even more terrible than these More

  In 2019, Iran ranked eighth in the world in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide produced and polluting the earth, and higher than England, France, Italy, Canada, Turkey, Mexico, Indonesia, etc. But the environmental realities of Iran are even more terrible than these statistics. Because by calculating the destruction of surface and underground water, forests and pastures, this country is facing a much deeper crisis. Iran has a very fragile environmental situation and is at the forefront of the fight against global warming. This vast country is located in the desert belt and dry and crisis-stricken region of the Middle East and between war-torn countries such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria. With the destruction of underground water resources and the forests and pastures of the region and the increase in the use of fossil fuels, irreparable damage has been done to the region's environment. In such a situation, economic sanctions against Iran make the situation worse. This issue has not received much attention from politicians and even environmentalists. How will the air on the planet become hotter and more polluted with the sanctions on Iran, and its smoke will reach the eyes of all the people of the world, including the embargoing countries? Manuscript profile
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  27 - Investigating the impact of climate change on the environment and agriculture
  Bahareh Rafiei Hamed Kioumarsi Reza Naseri Harsini Seyed Mohammad Reza Mahdavian
  During the last century, science and technology have grown and developed significantly, however, this development, along with all the advantages and added values for the quality of human life, has brought inappropriate effects on the environment. Unfortunately, the huma More

  During the last century, science and technology have grown and developed significantly, however, this development, along with all the advantages and added values for the quality of human life, has brought inappropriate effects on the environment. Unfortunately, the human conflict with the problems which has created for the planet, including wars and new diseases, has caused less attention to the impact of climate change on environment and especially the related agriculture activities. If the agricultural sector exposed by climate change and will not be able to meet human food needs, life will be near to its end point. Agricultural activities are not only exposed to these changes, but also by leaving possible negative effects on environment lead to these changes. Threatening food security, the reduction of biological diversity, the loss of soil, the reduction of water resources, and the conversion of forests into farms and their gradual destruction, turn the earth into an unlivable area with the unpredictable occurrence of storms, floods and temperature changes. Therefore, investigating the impact of climate change and its components on different ecosystems and species that affect agriculture can be a step towards achieving new management mechanisms to reduce and adapt to these changes and achieving sustainable environment and agriculture. Manuscript profile
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  28 - Indigenous Architecture in the Sustainable Design of Rural Settlements (Case Study: Venan and Kohandan villages in Qom)
  Mohsen golriz seyyed ehsan mousavi
  <p>Unlike many contemporary urban constructions that have lost their Iranian identity and are developed without consideration for cultural values and principles of sustainable and Iranian architecture. Still in the villages of Iran, due to its high age and Valuable text More

  <p>Unlike many contemporary urban constructions that have lost their Iranian identity and are developed without consideration for cultural values and principles of sustainable and Iranian architecture. Still in the villages of Iran, due to its high age and Valuable texture, a proportionate and homogeneous collection can be observed, in which the connections, functions and roles of the spaces in housing encompass a proportionate socio-economic and cultural system. The villages of Venan and Kohandan Baft are relatively valuable in terms of native architecture and worthy of study, with the existing types of rural housing in this article being among the examples examined in this research. In this study, the villages have been studied in terms of settlement, appearance, landscape, texture, and housing, and they have been analyzed from two perspectives: the assessment of the climatic pattern and the assessment of the spatial-functional pattern. In this research, since the characteristics of the village need to be examined, a qualitative method is used to describe the data and examine a case study, and an analytical method is used to draw conclusions from the collected data. Furthermore, the method of collecting information involves using library sources to gather basic information, followed by field studies through visiting and observing the village sites.</p> Manuscript profile
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  29 - Climate-friendly Architectural Solutions Using Thermal Comfort Indicators in Qaleh Bala Biarjomand Village (Semnan Province)
  حسین مرادی نسب
  The integration of architectural and urban spaces with local climate conditions is crucial for ensuring building sustainability and achieving key objectives in sustainable development. Climate designers and architects have long emphasized the study of environmental data More

  The integration of architectural and urban spaces with local climate conditions is crucial for ensuring building sustainability and achieving key objectives in sustainable development. Climate designers and architects have long emphasized the study of environmental data to understand diverse climate behaviors. Climate-friendly architecture aims to harmonize building designs with their natural surroundings. This study focuses on Qaleh Bala Biarjamand village, located in Shahroud city, Semnan province. The central inquiry revolves around identifying climate-responsive architectural solutions using thermal comfort indicators specific to this village. Employing a descriptive-analytical method with a quantitative approach, the study draws insights from field studies spanning 18 years and reputable meteorological sources. The research identifies a framework based on principles outlined by Olgi, Evans, Mahoney, and Givoni, emphasizing the use of natural energy resources. Findings underscore strategies tailored to the village's cold and dry climate, such as adopting compact, densely textured designs, reducing surface-area-to-volume ratios, and employing heavy materials with high heat capacity in southern walls. Additionally, minimizing window sizes emerges as a viable strategy to enhance climate-friendly architecture in this context. Manuscript profile