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Open Access Article

1 - Comparison of the effects of maternal supportive care and Acupressure (at BL32 Acupoint) during labor on the mother’s anxiety level and Arterial oxygen pressure of the umbilical cord of infants (PO2)
Zahra Masoudi Marziah AkbarZadeh Najaf Zare

10.52547/.1.1.87

Background: The amount of umbilical cord blood gas reflects the fetus’ metabolic status and is one of the main diagnostic criteria of birth asphyxia. The question is whether anxiety caused by labor pain of the mother affects asphyxia birth and umbilical cord blood gase More

Background: The amount of umbilical cord blood gas reflects the fetus’ metabolic status and is one of the main diagnostic criteria of birth asphyxia. The question is whether anxiety caused by labor pain of the mother affects asphyxia birth and umbilical cord blood gases? Comparison of the effects of maternal supportive care and acupressure (BL32 acupoint) during labor on the mother’s anxiety level and Arterial oxygen pressure of the umbilical cord of infants (PO2). Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was performed on 150 pregnant women who were randomly assigned to two interventions and a control group in the delivery ward of the selected educational center of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (Shoushtari hospital). Mothers’ anxiety scores before (beginning of the active stage of labor) and after the intervention (the end of the first stage of labor) were measured using Spielberger’s questionnaire. then infants’ cord blood samples for arterial blood gas and hematologic analyses sent to the hospital’s laboratory. After all, the data with SPSS version16 and using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, one-way ANOVA, were analyzed. Results: The mean of anxiety score in the control group was 21.1% and in the support group and the acupressure group, decreased by 37.5% and 34.8% respectively (p<0.001). The mean of PO2 was also reported in maternal supportive, acupressure, and control groups, 40.4±8.8, 27.4±2.8, and 18.1±3.7, respectively. Additionally, a significant correlation was found between mothers’ anxiety scores after the intervention and the mean of PO2 (p=0.014). Conclusion: The supportive care and acupressure at BL32 acupoint reduced mothers’ anxiety and, consequently, improved fetal oxygenation. SO, the Support group was better than the acupressure group, but they were not statistically significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of alfaalfa (Medicago sativa) extract on spatial memory and anxiety like behaviors of ovariectomized rats
Hadi Semizeh Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatabaei Naeem Erfanimajd Ali Shahriari

Introduction: According to the high phytoestrogens content of alfalfa and the effect of phytoestrogens on CNS, the effect of ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa on spatial memory and anxiety like behaviors of ovariectomized rats were accessed. Methods: Forty-five female W More

Introduction: According to the high phytoestrogens content of alfalfa and the effect of phytoestrogens on CNS, the effect of ethyl acetate extract of alfalfa on spatial memory and anxiety like behaviors of ovariectomized rats were accessed. Methods: Forty-five female Wistar rats (three-month old) were accidentally divided into 5 groups, including sham, ovariectomy (ovx), sham+4 (4g/kg extract in diet), ovx+2 (2g/kg extract in diet) and ovx+4 (4g/kg extract in diet) two weeks after ovariectomy or sham operation. Memory and anxiety like behavior were elevate using Morris water maze and plus maze, respectively. MDA and antioxidant enzymes were also measured in hippocampus. Results: concentration of estrogen in plasma and superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) in hippocampus were reduced in ovx group, but consumption of alfalfa extract increased SOD activity while decreased catalase activity. Performance of ovx+2 group was decreased in training trial of Morris water maze, while consumption of alfalfa extract in ovariectomized rat increased percentage of open arm time (OAT%) in elevated plus maze. Conclusion: The findings revealed that the five-factor model of the Mc health-related quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) has satisfactory validity and reliability. Thus, this questionnaire can be used in future studies to assess the quality of life of patient’s type 2 diabetes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Moderation and it's role in security’s Soul in Plato

This study, in order to solve the problem of unrest and anxiety of modern man, leaning on Plato's views, shows that Including ways to gain the Psychological security is man’s persist on virtues that moderation is headed. Plato after drawing of human dignity in being as More

This study, in order to solve the problem of unrest and anxiety of modern man, leaning on Plato's views, shows that Including ways to gain the Psychological security is man’s persist on virtues that moderation is headed. Plato after drawing of human dignity in being as rational’s being and based in network of Ideas kinship, analysis understanding’s folk of moderation and rethinking it. According to him, the public perception of the concept of moderation in the sense of self- control, in addition to inherent contradiction of its own and function only personal,lead to camouflage the real reason, because moderation is the result of the systematic and harmonious soul of the rule of the reason over force condemned achieved and thereby directed a person to stability in soul and immunity and resistance against all kinds of emotional and provides in this way comfort her.So according to Plato, inner peace is based on internal issue and always manifestation on order of soul. Accordingly, it can be said, the most important factor of unrest contemporary human is epistemological crisis of himself and his inner power. Therefore, to solve the crisis, should be reminds him divine nature of the soul and the ruling order of it, which is, formulated in the philosophy of Plato the virtue of moderation Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The philosophy of controversy Controversy of the Prohibition of the Writing of the Prophetic Hadith in the First Century
morteza darabi jafar taban

This research was conducted to prove the generality of hadith authorization as well as the forgery in the hadith whose transcriptions were prohibited. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the data was analyzed through document analysis. Having caused som More

This research was conducted to prove the generality of hadith authorization as well as the forgery in the hadith whose transcriptions were prohibited. The research method was descriptive-analytical and the data was analyzed through document analysis. Having caused some controversies, these hadith are not strong enough to rely on due to the weakness and discrepancy in their texts and documents as well as the contradiction of their narrations to the holy Quran and the transcribed hadith. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Moderating Role of Interal-External Locus of Control in the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Social Anxiety in Adolescents
Seyed Valliollah Mousavi Sajjad Rezaei Setareh Atefi Karajvandani Hamid Javanparast

The present study aims to investigate the mediator role of locus of control in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents. The statistical population included all male and female students of studying in state and non-state high More

The present study aims to investigate the mediator role of locus of control in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents. The statistical population included all male and female students of studying in state and non-state high schools in Rasht District 1 in the academic year 2015-16. In a cross-sectional cluster sampling selected 400 students and responded to Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Yang Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire and Rutter Locus of Control Scale. The collected data were analyzed by using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, Mediation hierarchical regression analysis with Baron and Kenny method. Pearson correlation analyses indicate a significant positive relationship between schemas of Disconnection/Rejection domain, Impaired Autonomy and/or Performance domain, Impaired Limits domain, Other-Directedness domain, Overvigilance/Inhibition domain and social anxiety, with values of 0.60, 0.55, 0.39, 0.54, 0.50 respectively. The results also revealed that this association, locus of control is not capable to modifying of the relationship between social anxiety and early maladaptive schemas (in any of domains). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Comparison of the Brain/Behavioral Systems and Defense Mechanisms in Participants with Depression and Anxiety Traits
Marzie Pahlevan Mazandarani Parviz Azadfallah Seyyed Mojtaba Jazayeri

In this research investigates the biological and non-biological dimensions of personality in order to differentiate depression and anxiety in a more exact way and present an integrative and comprehensive view of the two dimensions.

In this research investigates the biological and non-biological dimensions of personality in order to differentiate depression and anxiety in a more exact way and present an integrative and comprehensive view of the two dimensions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Structural relationship between sport mindfulness and emotion regulation strategies with athlets, competitive anxiety
parvin amin nezhad Rasool Zeidabadi Laleh Hamboshi Milad khojasteh moghani

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety regarding mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. This research is descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunteers from diff More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety regarding mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. This research is descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunteers from different athlete from different teams and individuals participated in this research. Three questionnaires including sports mindfulness (Thienot et al 2014), Cognitive Emotional regulation (Garnefski et al 2002) and Competitive Anxiety (Cox et al 2003) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling method using Smart PLS 2.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between sports mindfulness with competitive anxiety of athletes. Also, the sport mindfulness through adaptive strategies of emotional regulation had a significant relationship with competitive anxiety of athletes. Overall, the findings of this study showed that special attention to the sport mindfulness is important. Because the sport mindfulness is not only directly, but indirectly could reduce the competitive anxiety of athletes by the increasing use of adaptive strategies of emotional regulation as a mediator variable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process on Chronic Pain Reduction and Clinical Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Lupus
Ali Mohammad Rezaei Sharifi Tayyebeh Ahmad Ghazanfari Elham aflaki Mohammad jafar bahre dar

The purpose of the present study was to The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process on Chronic Pain Reduction and Clinical Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Lupus. The research method was quasi-experiment More

The purpose of the present study was to The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process on Chronic Pain Reduction and Clinical Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Lupus. The research method was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest) with a 3-month follow-up period and a control group. For this purpose, 60 subjects were selected based on inclusion criteria and were selected by purposeful sampling in two intervention groups: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (20 patients), Compassionate Focus (20 patients) and Control (20 patients). To collect data, the Zong Anxiety Inventory (SAS) and Chronic Pain Questionnaire were used. Analysis of variance was performed by repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the intervention and acceptance-based intervention and compassion-focused intervention in chronic anxiety and pain and the control group in pre-test and post-test scores (P <0.001). Overall, the results of this study show that acceptance-based and commitment-based and compassion-based treatment modalities reduce anxiety and chronic pain in lupus patients. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - model of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder
masumeh shafiei فاطمه رضایی Massoud Sadeghi

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 415 in More

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 415 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder The statistical population of the study included 415 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation and structural equation And wereanalyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Structural Relationship between Sport Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation Strategies with Athlets' Competitive Anxiety
Parvin Aminnezhad Rasool Zeidabadi Laleh Hamboshi Milad Khojasteh

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationship between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety, and the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunte More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationship between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety, and the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunteers from different teams participated in this research. Sports Mindfulness Questionnaire (Thienot et al 2014), Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (Garnefski et al 2002) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (Cox et al 2003) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method using Smart PLS 2.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between sports mindfulness and competitive anxiety. Also, the sport mindfulness through adaptive strategies of emotional regulation had a significant relationship with competitive anxiety of athletes. Overall, the findings of this study showed that special attention to the sport mindfulness is important, because the sport mindfulness is not only directly, but also indirectly could reduce the competitive anxiety of athletes by increasing the use of adaptive strategies of emotional regulation as a mediator variable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process
Ali Mohammad Rezaei Sharifi Tayyebeh Ahmad Ghazanfari Elham aflaki Mohammad jafar bahre dar

The aim of the present study was to establish flexible patterns of behavior through value-oriented exposure in the psychotherapeutic process to the reduction of chronic pain and clinical symptoms in patients with systemic lupus. The present research method was quasi-exp More

The aim of the present study was to establish flexible patterns of behavior through value-oriented exposure in the psychotherapeutic process to the reduction of chronic pain and clinical symptoms in patients with systemic lupus. The present research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) with a three-month follow-up period and a control group. For this purpose, 60 subjects were selected based on the criteria for entering the study and were assigned by available sampling method in two groups of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (20 people), treatment focused on compassion (20 people) and one control group (20 people). Zong SAS Anxiety Questionnaire and Chronic Pain Questionnaire were used to collect information. To analyze the findings, the variance analysis method was used with repeated measurement and non-parametric follow-up tests of Bonfroni, Kalmograf-Smirnov and Krovit Machli. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two intervention groups of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and treatment focused on compassion on anxiety and chronic pain and the control group on pre-test-post-test scores (p <0.001). Overall, the results of this study show that treatment based on acceptance and commitment and compassion-focused therapy has an effect on reducing anxiety and chronic pain in lupus patients. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Model of Contrast Avoidance of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in People with Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Masumeh Shafiei فاطمه رضایی Masoud Sadeghi

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 in More

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation And were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Comparing the implicit and explicit associations of depression, anxiety and food attitudes in people with eating disorders and healthy people
susan alizadeh fard maryam zalizadeh Ahmad علیپور

Eating disorder is a complex psychiatric illness that is chronic and debilitating. In recent decades, the cognitive model of eating disorders has been at the forefront of theorizing, research, and treatment. New research uses two distinct theoretical models for explicit More

Eating disorder is a complex psychiatric illness that is chronic and debilitating. In recent decades, the cognitive model of eating disorders has been at the forefront of theorizing, research, and treatment. New research uses two distinct theoretical models for explicit and implicit information processing and evaluation. The aim of the present study was to compare the implicit and explicit associations of depression, anxiety and food attitudes in people with eating disorders and healthy people. The method of study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes people with eating disorders in Tehran who have referred to medical and counseling centers in the first six months of 1399. The sampling method was cluster accessible and purposeful. The sample size was 300 people who were examined with SCL-90 questionnaires, Ahvaz Eating Disorder Inventory (Sharififard, 1998), Food Attitude Scale (Teachman et al., 2003) and computer-based task of implicit association test (Greenwald et al., 1998). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance, which showed there is a significant difference between people with eating disorders and healthy people in explicit and implicit association of depression, in implicit association of anxiety, and in explicit association of eating attitudes. The results of regression analysis also showed that only explicit and implicit association of depression, and implicit association of anxiety can significantly predict eating disorder. These results confirm the role of implicit and explicit associations in the clinical field; and helps to better understand eating disorder, to be considered in the development of educational programs and psychological interventions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The Relationship between Anxiety Sensitivity and Metacognitive Beliefs with Test Anxiety in Student
sajad taherzade alihasan azizpourian zeynab shakehnia

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Anxiety sensitivity and Metacognitive beliefs with Test Anxiety among students of Ilam Bakhtar University. The research method in this study is descriptive of correlation. The statistical population of th More

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Anxiety sensitivity and Metacognitive beliefs with Test Anxiety among students of Ilam Bakhtar University. The research method in this study is descriptive of correlation. The statistical population of this study includes all students of Ilam Bakhtar University that are studying in (1399-1400). Their number is (750). The sample of this study is 256 based on G Power. Students were selected available sampling method. To collect the data, Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ-30), (Wells & Cartwright-hatton, 2004), Anxiety sensitivity Questionnaire (ASI-R), (Taylor and Cox, 1998) and Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Spilberger, 1980) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between all components of metacognitive beliefs inclouding worry, concerns about uncontrollability and danger,cognitive confidence, need to control thoughts, cognitive self-awareness with test anxiety. Also, There is a significant relationship between anxiety sensitivity and test anxiety in students of Ilam Bakhtar University (r=0.57). Also, the average of regression is significant and the metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity together can predict 42% of test anxiety. Therefore, it can be conclude that metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity are important variables in students' test anxiety and the amount of test anxiety increases with increasing anxiety sensitivity and uncontrollability and danger. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Comparative Effectiveness of Meta-Cognitive Therapy (MCT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on Decreasing Anxiety and Worry of individuals with Generalized Anxiety Disorder
mina Mojtabaei

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) on reducing anxiety and worry in persons with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The sample consisted of 25 persons with GAD who were randomly as More

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) on reducing anxiety and worry in persons with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The sample consisted of 25 persons with GAD who were randomly assigned to two groups: CBT and MCT. The MCT manual for anxiety has 10 ses-sions and the CBT manual for anxiety has 9 sessions. In this study the participants received 45-60 minutes individual therapy sessions twice per week. They also completed Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Pennsylvania State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) pre-test and post-test. The results indicated that metacognitive therapy was more effective than cognitive behavior the-rapy in decreasing anxiety and worry (P<0.05); However, compared to cognitive behavioral the -rapy, metacognitive therapy, was clinically more effective in reducing worry only. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children with Comorbid Anxiety and Depressive Disorders: A Case Study
Firouzeh Zarghami Mohammad Reza Shaeiri Zahra Shahrivar

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the initial efficacy of the new unified protocol of transdiagnostic treatment for children with emotional disorders (UP-C) on reducing symptoms of anxiety disorders and comorbid depression in Iranian children aged 8 to 11 More

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the initial efficacy of the new unified protocol of transdiagnostic treatment for children with emotional disorders (UP-C) on reducing symptoms of anxiety disorders and comorbid depression in Iranian children aged 8 to 11 years. In this study, a 15-session UP-C within a single-case experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and one-month follow-up was conducted on a 9-year-old child with separation anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder (as comorbid disorder). To collect data, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizo-phrenia- Present and Lifetime Version (K SADS-PL), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) and, Children Depression Invento-ry (CDI) were used. Results of graph-chart analysis and percentage change index showed that at the end of treatment and one-month follow-up period, there were significant statistical and clinical changes in both anxiety disorders and depression disorder (as comorbid disorder). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Qualitative Study of Emotional Disorders’ Symptoms in Some Ethnic Groups in Iran
Mostafa Zarean Shahriar Shahidi Fons van de Vijver Mohsen Dehghani

The present study aimed to investigate the cultural dimensions of anxiety and depression in Azeri, Kurd, and Fars (Persian) ethnic groups in Iran. In a cross sectional qualitative design, 44 individuals with emotional problems participated in an in-depth interview inclu More

The present study aimed to investigate the cultural dimensions of anxiety and depression in Azeri, Kurd, and Fars (Persian) ethnic groups in Iran. In a cross sectional qualitative design, 44 individuals with emotional problems participated in an in-depth interview including perceptions of emotional disorders, their causal factors, and help seeking behaviors. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Primary findings represented relative similarity between these three groups in the reported themes, which could be summarized in three main themes, namely negative emotionality, somatization, and maladaptive cognition. Perceived etiological factors for emotional disorders included more psycho-logical processes rather than social and environmental components. The extracted themes consisted of a heterogeneous set of psychological constructs, and provided further evidence to reiterate the importance of contextual variables such as culture and ethnicity in assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of emotional disorders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Behavior Therapy in Light of Quranic Teachings, with an Emphasis on Anxiety and Depression
Lyla Borzoo

Humankind is exposed to tensions, failures, and stress throughout his or her life. An individual can overcome the consequences of anxiety and depression through paying attention to Islamic teachings, including fulfillment of duties as a servant of God, as well as throug More

Humankind is exposed to tensions, failures, and stress throughout his or her life. An individual can overcome the consequences of anxiety and depression through paying attention to Islamic teachings, including fulfillment of duties as a servant of God, as well as through teachings conforming to Fitrat (nature), Tawakkul (putting one’s trust in God), Zikr (prayers), practice, and learning ways for self-improvement. He or she is always facing stress resulting from the difference between their needs and their inability to meet those needs as well as from obstacles and limitations in the environment. He or she is constantly facing tension for having demands that cannot be fulfilled. Hence, understanding the factors behind creation of anxiety and depression is important as these affect one’s health. This paper, using the analytical method of research and benefiting from the teachings of the Quran describes tries o clarify the treatment aspects of anxiety and depression and seeks to offer a Quranic teaching for removing every factor that has a role in causing anxiety and depression. Some Quranic premises can be viewed as psychological theories about behavioral errors (that cause anxiety and depression) and acting upon these premises can be effective in preventing and curing common psychological disorders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - A Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Logotherapy with Acceptance & Commitment Therapy on Death Anxiety and Quality of Life in Women with Breast Surgery Experience
Narges Shamsozan Nasrin Kashefimehr hadi AkbariNejhad

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of logotherapy with acceptance & commitment therapy on death anxiety and quality of life in women with breast surgery experience.This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with More

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of logotherapy with acceptance & commitment therapy on death anxiety and quality of life in women with breast surgery experience.This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with follow-up. The study population consisted of all women with breast cancer who were undergoing postmastectomy radiotherapy in Tabriz in 2021. In total, 45 women were selected by a purposive sampling method, and divided into three groups, 15 each. The ntervention groups received their respective treatments over 8 sessions of 1.5 hours. The control group did not receive any intervention. The measuring instruments were Templer death anxiety and quality of life questionnaires. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results showed that logotherapy and a acceptance & commitment therapy in comparison with the control group, in the post-test, reduce death anxiety and increase quality of life of women with breast surgery experience, and these results also show a lasting effect in the follow-up stage. Also, these results also show a lasting effect in the follow-up stage. The results also showed that the effect of these two treatments on death anxiety and quality of life in the post-test and follow-up stages were not different. Logotherapy and acceptance & commitment therapy Reduces the death anxiety and increases the quality of life in women with breast surgery experience. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Design and test a model of personality relationship with corona dissease anxiety mediated by perceived stress and self-efficacy in adolescents
Elahe Aslami Farzaneh Khani Mehrabadi Azam Tadayon

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and Corona disease anxiety by the mediating effect of perceived stress and self-efficacy among adolescents. Method: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population comprised More

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and Corona disease anxiety by the mediating effect of perceived stress and self-efficacy among adolescents. Method: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population comprised high-school students in Abarkooh (Iran), of whom 318 were selected via random cluster sampling. The Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour et al. 2019), the five-factor NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), The Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al. 1983), and The Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer et al. 1982) were employed. The proposed model was evaluated by path analysis in AMOS and SPSS. Resalts: The results of direct hypotheses showed that agreeableness, conscientiousness and self-efficacy had a negative and inverse effect and perceived stress had a positive and direct effect on Corona disease anxiety. The results of the study of indirect hypotheses showed that conscientiousness had an indirect and inverse effect on corona disease anxiety mediated by stress and self-efficacy, and neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness had an indirect effect on corona disease anxiety through perceived stress. Conclusion: Therefore, it is possible to reduce the level of corona disease anxiety in adolescents by strengthening self-efficacy as a coping resource and teaching stress management to adolescents and their effect on neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness, and use the obtained results in therapeutic interventions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The Relationship between the Personal Values and Death Anxiety among MS Patients
Omid Hamidi masoud gholamali lavasani

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the personal values, and death anxiety among MS patients in Tehran. For this purpose 167 patients (103 female, 64 male) from the Tehran MS Society were selected by random sampling. The instruments used More

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the personal values, and death anxiety among MS patients in Tehran. For this purpose 167 patients (103 female, 64 male) from the Tehran MS Society were selected by random sampling. The instruments used in this study were the Schwartz Value Scale (SVS) and the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Multivariable regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, and t-test for comparisons between female and male patients were used for data analysis. The results showed that there are significant correlation between personal values and death anxiety and there are significant negative correlations between all subscales of personal values (except for power) with death anxiety. In the prioritization of values, there are significant differences between men and women. Also from the morphological values, conformity, achievement, universalism, and tradition can significantly predict death anxiety. Manuscript profile

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22 - The Mediating Role of Self-compassion in the Relationship Between Self-concept and Body Image and Social Anxiety in Female Students of Isfahan University of Technology
Behnoush Harouni hassan khoshakhlagh

Social anxiety disorder refers to an overt and persistent fear of social or functional situations. Self-concept can play a significant role in explaining social anxiety. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between self More

Social anxiety disorder refers to an overt and persistent fear of social or functional situations. Self-concept can play a significant role in explaining social anxiety. This study aimed to determine the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between self-concept and social anxiety of female students of the Isfahan University of Technology. The present study indicated a correlation scheme and the method of structural equations was used based on the partial least squares approach. A sample of 300 female students from the Isfahan University of Technology was selected by voluntary sampling method. The Nef Self-Compassion Scale, Beck, et al.'s (1990) Self-Esteem Scale, and Connor et al.'s (2000) Social Anxiety Inventory were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25 and AMOS version 22. The results showed that compassion reduces social anxiety by 22.3% of the path between self-concept and social anxiety. In addition, self-compassion has a minor mediating role in the relationship between self-concept and social anxiety (p <0.05). Self-compassion has a minor mediating role in the social anxiety of female students (p <0.05). Self-concept has a negative effect on students' social anxiety (p <0.05). Finally, the importance of self-concept in explaining social anxiety and self-compassion has a mediating role between self-concept and social anxiety. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress in the Relationship between Inferential Confusion and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
Zahra Khosravi Roubiat Mahmoud Najafi

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The research method was descriptive-correlational (path More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The research method was descriptive-correlational (path analysis) and the statistical population of the study was all Social network users (between 20 to 50 years old) in mashhad in year 2022. Using the available sampling method, 345 subjects participated in the research through an online survey. The instruments used in this study include Obsessive-Compulsive Insentory-Revised (OCI-R), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Inferential Confusion Questionnaire (ICQ-EV). Data analysis done through Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The findings showed that inferential confusion has a direct and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Also, psychological distress had a mediating role in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the model has a good fit. According to the research results and the mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, In condition of high psychological distress, the relation of inferential confusion with obsessive-compulsive symptoms is stronger than when the components of depression, anxiety and stress are low. Also, planning to reduce psychological distress can be effective in reducing the effect of inferential confusion on obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - The mediating role of metacognitive beliefs in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms
Morteza Aghaeimazraji Mahmoud Najafi Mina Shirmohammadali

The purpose of this research was to determine the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs between anxiety sensitivity, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the general population living in Tehran. The descriptive research method was correlation type (path More

The purpose of this research was to determine the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs between anxiety sensitivity, responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the general population living in Tehran. The descriptive research method was correlation type (path analysis). 300 people from among the general population living in Tehran city were selected through an internet call, according to the entry criteria in the accessible sampling method. The tools used in this research include the Revised Obsession Scale (OCI-R); (Foua et al., 2002), Anxiety Sensitivity Inventory (ASI) (Rice et al., 1986), Responsibility Attitude Scale (RAS); (Salkovskis et al., 2000) and metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-30); (Wells, 1997). The data showed that anxiety sensitivity and responsibility have a direct and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and metacognitive beliefs have a mediating role in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and responsibility with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the indirect effect of metacognitive beliefs in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity, Responsibility and obsessive-compulsive symptoms were significant.In general it can be concluded that anxiety sensitivity and responsibility can cause the emergence and continuation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms by increasing metacognitive beliefs. According to the research results and the mediating role of metacognitive beliefs in relation to obsessive-compulsive symptoms, planning to improve people's education in the field of anxiety sensitivity and responsibility can play an important role in reducing obsessive-compulsive symptoms through metacognitive beliefs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Comparison of body image, rumination, and social anxiety in people with sexual boredom and normal people
seyyede mahsa mousavi seyfollah Aghajani Sahar Asgari ghale bin

Introduction: People suffering from gender boredom obviously suffer from constant discomfort due to the inadequacy of the gender role and current feelings, abundant and continuous interest in identifying with the opposite sex without taking advantage of the specific cul More

Introduction: People suffering from gender boredom obviously suffer from constant discomfort due to the inadequacy of the gender role and current feelings, abundant and continuous interest in identifying with the opposite sex without taking advantage of the specific cultural and social benefits of that sex. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparingto compare body image, rumination, and social anxiety in people suffering from sexual boredom and normal people. Method: The current research was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population included all people with gender dysphoria and trans-sexual members of the support association for sexual dysphoria patients in Tehran province. All normal people living in Tehran province were the normal people of in this study. The number of 50 affected people and 50 normal people were selected according to the available methods. the body image concern questionnaires of Littleton et al. (2005), rumination by Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991), and social anxiety by Connor (2000) were used tTo collect data, the body image concern questionnaires of Littleton et al. (2005), rumination by Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991) and social anxiety by Connor (2000) were used. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance inand SPSS24 software. Findings: The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in body image concern (F=90.46 and P<0.01), rumination (F=115.01 and P<0.01), and social anxiety. (F=87.95 and P>0.01). Conclusion: based on the results,The results showed that people with gender boredom have lower body image and higher rumination and social anxiety than non-sufferers. Changing cultural beliefs and increasing social acceptance can play an important role in improving body image, rumination, and social anxiety. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - The Relationship Between Personal Isolation and Internet Addiction with the Tendency to Pornographic Behaviors in the Era of Corona
Zahra Tanha بابایی مطلق babaei motlagh

One of the consequences of people's social isolation is their seeking refuge in virtual space and using the Internet, which may lead to their addiction to the Internet. Access to sexually explicit media and pornographic programs can also lead to Internet addiction, whic More

One of the consequences of people's social isolation is their seeking refuge in virtual space and using the Internet, which may lead to their addiction to the Internet. Access to sexually explicit media and pornographic programs can also lead to Internet addiction, which can be considered in the quarantine conditions caused by the spread of the Corona virus. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between social isolation and Internet addiction with unconventional sexual behaviors in the era of Corona. The current research method is correlation type. For this purpose, 365 people were selected by a simple random sampling method among the undergraduate students of Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad branch, and answered the social isolation questionnaires of Russell et al. (1976), Internet addiction by Young (1998), the scale of pornography use by Carroll et al. The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between social isolation and Internet addiction with pornographic behaviors. Also, the results of the regression analysis showed that pornographic behaviors can be predicted through social isolation and Internet addiction. Accordingly, in the first step, approximately 56% of the variance of pornography was explained through Internet addiction. In the second step, Internet addiction and social isolation explained 75% of the variance of pornography. Based on this, there are theoretical points of intersection between personal isolation, Internet addiction and pornographic behaviors and it seems that other personal and environmental factors are also involved in this relationship. Considering that this finding was obtained during the Corona period, conducting more studies compared to the present study can be considered by the researchers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The Psychometric Properties of Benjamin`s Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Questionnaire Introject Surface (Self-Concept)
sara mirzaei feizabadi habib hadian fard Mohammad Reza Taghavi Mehdi Reza Sarafraz

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surface (self-concept) in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The study participants were 324 students (185 girls More

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surface (self-concept) in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The study participants were 324 students (185 girls and 139 boys) who were studying in the second semester of 2023 academic year, and completed Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surfase (self-concept), Beck Depression Inventory-II (1996), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988) and Beck Suicide Scale Ideation (1988). The Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS-26 and AMOS-25 software. The results show the reliability of this questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Spearman's and Guttman's correlation coefficients in the split-half method, as well as its validity through the convergent coefficients of the dimensions of this questionnaire with other valid tests and finally the construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that Benjamin`s SASB-self-concept (Introject) questionnaire has very good reliability and validity in Iranian students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Predicting Generalized Anxiety Disorder Among Female Students Using Random Forest Approach
Zahra Gholami Habibeh Zare

<p>Mental health is considered one of the major challenges for the generations. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of many mental health complications. However, individuals with the disorder experience hyperbolic concerns and tensions regarding daily events. Furt More

<p>Mental health is considered one of the major challenges for the generations. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is one of many mental health complications. However, individuals with the disorder experience hyperbolic concerns and tensions regarding daily events. Furthermore, it is reported that approximately 5% of the population of developed countries suffer from GAD. Additionally, women are affected by this disease twice as often as men, and it is an increasing disorder among women, particularly female students. This paper aims to predict generalized anxiety disorder among female students using the random decision forest algorithm. The data mining method was utilized for prediction. Female students of Shiraz Azad University developed the research community. Therefore, 150 female students were selected by simple random method and tested with a DSM-IV questionnaire. Accordingly, a random forest algorithm is proposed to generate a prediction model. Moreover, NetBeans IDE was applied for operationalization. Java was the programming language to code the prototype, and the WEKA library was involved in the operation. However, the results showed that the prediction accuracy with the random forest algorithm exceeds 0.9, which indicates that the algorithm is likely to predict GAD accurately. The random decision forest algorithm consistently predicts an individual not suffering from GAD. The results are relatively consistent compared to the baseline employed in the R. However, the random decision forest algorithm produces high predictive performance and may display significant relationships between the proposed and dependent parameters.</p> Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Investigating the dimensions and effects of faith in improving the mental health of people with corona
Rohollah Shateri Hamid Sotoudeh

Today, coronary heart disease and the consequences of its outbreak are a threat to mental health and the underlying cause of coronary anxiety disorder virus. And be considered social. Therefore, paying attention to the functional consequences of religious beliefs for pr More

Today, coronary heart disease and the consequences of its outbreak are a threat to mental health and the underlying cause of coronary anxiety disorder virus. And be considered social. Therefore, paying attention to the functional consequences of religious beliefs for preventive knowledge, and how to deal with this tragedy, as well as reducing the pain and suffering of patients, is a valuable guide. This article, using library and documentary data in descriptive-analytical and functionalist methods, examines some of the most important principles of human soul perfectionism from a monotheistic perspective, which can have a positive effect on promoting the mental health of Crohn's patients. This qualitative research, while explaining the nature and truth of religious faith, shows that increasing the level of resilience and preventing psychological stress caused by acute illnesses such as Quaid 19, in the light of trust in God and patience. It is associated with diseases. Manuscript profile

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