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Open Access Article
1 - Psychometric Adequacy of Persian Version of Women Sexual Schema
Jhale Refahi Nasir Dastan maryam behnamThe sexual schema is a part of self that is believed to be crucial for intrapersonal and interpersonal sexual relationships. This study aims to examine the validity of the Persian version of the women sexual schema questionnaire in Iranian society. The sample is consist MoreThe sexual schema is a part of self that is believed to be crucial for intrapersonal and interpersonal sexual relationships. This study aims to examine the validity of the Persian version of the women sexual schema questionnaire in Iranian society. The sample is consisting of 360 married women chosen by multi-stage cluster sampling from Shiraz. The extracted factors from this scale in this study were not the same as those found in the original form of the female sexual schema scale. The scale of women's sexual schema in Iranian society consisted of four factors, namely: open-minded-direct, passionate-romantic, attractive, and embarrassed-conservative. Also, the results of the women's scale validity were reported through the correlation coefficients of the subscales with the desired total score. Moreover, examines show that the Persian versions of women sexual schema's scales have acceptable reliability. The clinical psychologists and family counselors can use and benefit from this scale to identify the women's sexual schema for searching and treatment activities in clinical and counseling settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Psychometric Adequacy of Persian Version of Women Sexual Schema
ژاله رفاهیIntroduction: The sexual self-schema is a part of a broader concept of the self that is believed to be crucial for intrapersonal and interpersonal sexual relationships. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the validity of Persian version of women sexual schem MoreIntroduction: The sexual self-schema is a part of a broader concept of the self that is believed to be crucial for intrapersonal and interpersonal sexual relationships. Objectives: The aim of this study is to examine the validity of Persian version of women sexual schema questionnaire in an Iranian society. Method: The sample is consisting of 360 married women chosen by multi-stage cluster sampling. Results: The factors extracted from this scale in this study were not the same to those found in the original form of the female sexual schema scale. The scale of women's sexual schema in Iranian society consisted of four factors, namely open-direct, passionate-romantic, attractive, and embarrassed-conservative. Also, the report about examining the validity of factor structure of the women scale by mean of correlation coefficients of subscales with total score was optimal. Moreover, examines show that the Persian versions of women sexual schema's scales have acceptable reliability. Conclusion: The clinical psychologists and family counselors can use and benefit this scale to identify the women sexual schema for searching and treatment activities in clinical and counselling settings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Sexual schemas and psychological well-being in married women: Investigating the mediating role of sexual function
Reza Chalme Fateme AbdollahiThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of sexual function in the relationship between sexual schemas and psychological well-being in married women. The descriptive research method was a constraint type which was performed using structural equation m MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of sexual function in the relationship between sexual schemas and psychological well-being in married women. The descriptive research method was a constraint type which was performed using structural equation modelling method. The statistical population included married women from Shiraz. Using the available sampling method, 150 people were selected. Assessment tools included women's sexual performance index questionnaires (Rosen et al., 2000), sexual schema (Anderson and Sirvanowski, 1994), and psychological well-being (Reef, 1995). The data collected were analyzed in two descriptive levels (using mean, standard deviation) and inferential (using correlation coefficient and structural equation modelling with amos-21 software). The results showed that passionate-romantic and explicit-comfortable schemas had a positive and significant relationship and shy-cautious schemas had a negative and significant relationship with psychological well-being in married women. Sexual function was also a positive and significant predictor of psychological well-being. In addition, the results indicated that sexual function was able to mediate between passionate and romantic schemas and psychological well-being. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that sexual schemas both directly and through sexual function can affect the psychological well-being of married women. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Prediction of Parental stress based on early maladaptive schemas and quality of marital life in mothers with children with special needs
Maryam Mirzaii Fenjani Banafshe OmidvarThe aim of this study was to predict parenting stress based on early maladaptive schemas and quality of marital life in mothers with children with special needs in Shiraz. The research method was descriptive. The statistical population included all mothers of children w MoreThe aim of this study was to predict parenting stress based on early maladaptive schemas and quality of marital life in mothers with children with special needs in Shiraz. The research method was descriptive. The statistical population included all mothers of children with children with specific needs in Shiraz, using a sampling method, 220 subjects were selected. They completed parent stress questionnaires, marital quality of life, and early maladaptive schemas. To analyze the hypotheses, multiple regression analysis was used. Results in the first hypothesis showed that the quality of marital life could predict the parents' stress in mothers with children with special needs. In the second hypothesis, early maladaptive schemas could predict the stress of parents of mothers with children with special needs. In the third hypothesis, two variables of quality of life in marriage and early maladaptive schemes have been able to predict the stress of parents of mothers with children with special needs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigating and comparision the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and personality disorder in addicted women
Marzieh Aghaii Hojatollah Javidi Ghasem NaziriThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and characteristics of personality disorders among opioid-dependent women located in Shiraz centers addiction treatment. The research design was correlational. The statistical po MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and characteristics of personality disorders among opioid-dependent women located in Shiraz centers addiction treatment. The research design was correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of 43 opioid-dependent women located in Shiraz addiction treatment centers who were selected by available sampling method andanswered the Young Schema Questionnaire (1988) and Millon Clinical Multi-Axis Questionnai (1987) and analyzed with Pearson correlation coefficient, t-test for dependent groups and multivariate regression of the input model. The present study has 2 research questions about the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and characteristics of personality disorders, differences in early maladaptive schemas and characteristics of personality disorders among women. The results showed that there is a significant correlation between early maladaptive schemas and the characteristics of personality disorders. The results of multivariate regression of the entry model also showed that schemas are able to predict the characteristics of personality disorders and also about the differences in characteristics of personality disorders among addicted women, only antisocial personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder were significant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analyzing Container Schema in the Representation of Water and Fire in Rumi’s Poems Based on Cognitive-Cultural Linguistics
d vaseqhiThe present paper aims at studying the relationship between language and cultural conceptualizations in Rumi’s poems. In order to do so, the cultural linguistics theory adapted for identifying the cultural-metaphorical system of Persian language as well as the historica MoreThe present paper aims at studying the relationship between language and cultural conceptualizations in Rumi’s poems. In order to do so, the cultural linguistics theory adapted for identifying the cultural-metaphorical system of Persian language as well as the historical and mythological model of "water and fire". Water and fire representations are quite frequent in the six chapters of Masnavi-e Ma’navi and in Divan-e Shams. Rumi has referred to the Classical elements in 1888 verses. He used water in 524 verses and fire in 574 verses. Water and fire as two opposing elements of the classical elements have two distinct characteristics in the natural world. But these two elements have supernatural features and depict a kind of long-standing contradiction of mind and love in literary concepts and metaphors, especially the mystical ones when occurred within one verse. The purpose of this study is to achieve an understanding of the cognition through the utilization of container schema of the words Del (heart), head, and eye. By investigating the functions of these schemata, a more accurate understanding of the individual and social characteristics of this poet would be obtained. The main achievements of this research are as follows: 1. In Persian literature, Del represents intuitive understanding, and the eye represents the apparent senses (five senses) and is the most frequent tool for the perception of reality. The frequency of Del schema in Rumi's poems compare to the eye schema somehow shows Rumi's intuitive personality. 2. Head in Persian is the container of concepts related to thought, but in the Rumi's poems, it is the container of the terms related to love. The concept of love as an entity in the head as the container has been expressed in different words in the poems of Rumi. Analyzing these words expresses passionate love and, to some extent, the love between friends in Rumi's emotional view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Analyzing Container Schema in the Representation of Water and Fire in Rumi’s Poems Based on Cognitive-Cultural Linguistics
fariba sadeghi roya sedigh ziabari reza kheirabadiThe present paper aims at studying the relationship between language and cultural conceptualizations in Rumi’s poems. In order to do so, the cultural linguistics theory adapted for identifying the cultural-metaphorical system of Persian language as well as the historica MoreThe present paper aims at studying the relationship between language and cultural conceptualizations in Rumi’s poems. In order to do so, the cultural linguistics theory adapted for identifying the cultural-metaphorical system of Persian language as well as the historical and mythological model of "water and fire". Water and fire representations are quite frequent in the six chapters of Masnavi-e Ma’navi and in Divan-e Shams. Rumi has referred to the Classical elements in 1888 verses. He used water in 524 verses and fire in 574 verses. Water and fire as two opposing elements of the classical elements have two distinct characteristics in the natural world. But these two elements have supernatural features and depict a kind of long-standing contradiction of mind and love in literary concepts and metaphors, especially the mystical ones when occurred within one verse. The purpose of this study is to achieve an understanding of the cognition through the utilization of container schema of the words Del (heart), head, and eye. By investigating the functions of these schemata, a more accurate understanding of the individual and social characteristics of this poet would be obtained. The main achievements of this research are as follows: 1. In Persian literature, Del represents intuitive understanding, and the eye represents the apparent senses (five senses) and is the most frequent tool for the perception of reality. The frequency of Del schema in Rumi's poems compare to the eye schema somehow shows Rumi's intuitive personality. 2. Head in Persian is the container of concepts related to thought, but in the Rumi's poems, it is the container of the terms related to love. The concept of love as an entity in the head as the container has been expressed in different words in the poems of Rumi. Analyzing these words expresses passionate love and, to some extent, the love between friends in Rumi's emotional view. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The Moderating Role of Interal-External Locus of Control in the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Social Anxiety in Adolescents
Seyed Valliollah Mousavi Sajjad Rezaei Setareh Atefi Karajvandani Hamid JavanparastThe present study aims to investigate the mediator role of locus of control in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents. The statistical population included all male and female students of studying in state and non-state high MoreThe present study aims to investigate the mediator role of locus of control in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents. The statistical population included all male and female students of studying in state and non-state high schools in Rasht District 1 in the academic year 2015-16. In a cross-sectional cluster sampling selected 400 students and responded to Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Yang Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire and Rutter Locus of Control Scale. The collected data were analyzed by using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, Mediation hierarchical regression analysis with Baron and Kenny method. Pearson correlation analyses indicate a significant positive relationship between schemas of Disconnection/Rejection domain, Impaired Autonomy and/or Performance domain, Impaired Limits domain, Other-Directedness domain, Overvigilance/Inhibition domain and social anxiety, with values of 0.60, 0.55, 0.39, 0.54, 0.50 respectively. The results also revealed that this association, locus of control is not capable to modifying of the relationship between social anxiety and early maladaptive schemas (in any of domains). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Quality of Life
Mohammad Ali Besharat Samira Keshavarz Masoud Gholamali Lavasani Elham ArabiThe purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and quality of life. The method of present study was descriptive-correlational and population comprised general population of Sh MoreThe purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and quality of life. The method of present study was descriptive-correlational and population comprised general population of Shiraz city. Three handred and ninety one individuals (182 men, 209 women) were selected through convenience sampling method. Subjects were asked to complete the Schema Questionnaire (Young & Brown, 1999), Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF, 1998) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, et al, 1988). Data analysis was accomplished by path analysis. Results showed that perceived social support has mediating role between disconnection/ rejection domain, impaired limits domain (p<0/01) and being other-directed domain (p<0/05) with quality of life. Based on findings, it can be concluded that early maladaptive schemas influence quality of life through perceived social support. Therefore, perceived social support and early maladaptive schemas should be the core of clinical focus in improving quality of life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Role of Pathological Personality Traits, Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional Schemas in Predicting Personality Disorders of Cluster “C”
Behnaz Shid Anbarani Alireza Gol Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaf Sajjad Namvar Mohammad Khakshour Kameh OlyaDue to the high prevalence of personality disorders and the change of personality disorder classification model in DSM-5, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and emotional schemas i MoreDue to the high prevalence of personality disorders and the change of personality disorder classification model in DSM-5, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and emotional schemas in predicting C-Cluster personality disorders. This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample is 359 (230 females and 129 males) who were selected from the age range of 18-50 years in Mashhad. The research instruments were Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-4), DSM-5 Personality Questionnaire (PID-5), Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ) and Lay Emotional Schema Scale (LESS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. Data were analyzed by SPSS-23 software. The findings of this study showed that the variables of control, impaired autonomy, disinhibition, rumination, negative affectivity, consensus, and rationality are significantly capable of predicting dependent personality disorder and the variables of control, disconnection and rejection, guilt and shame, expression, negative affectivity, higher values, and duration have significant predictive power of avoidant personality disorder. variables of negative affectivity, simplistic view of emotion, psychoticism, higher values, disinhibition, and guilt and shame significantly predict the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. It can be concluded that morbid personality traits, early maladaptive schemas, and emotional schemas play a significant role in predicting personality disorders of cluster “C”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Correlation Between the Early Maladaptive Schemes, Self Differentiation and Sexual Function with Extera Marital Relationship Proneness in Married Female Students of Gilan university
Mahnaz Nasirijounaghani farhad Asghari علی پورصفرThe aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between early maladaptive schemas, self-differentiation and sexual function with the tendency to extramarital relationships. The present study was a descriptive-correlational. The statistical populatio MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between early maladaptive schemas, self-differentiation and sexual function with the tendency to extramarital relationships. The present study was a descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consisted of all married female students of Gilan university, Iran, in the academic year 2017-2018.Considering the size of the population, 280 students were selected as sample through multistage cluster sampling. For analysis of data, descriptive and inferential statistics, Sobel test, structural equation and SPSS and Amos softwares were used. The results showed that the early maladaptive schemata, self- differentiation and sexual function affect on extramarital relations. According to the results, three variables, the early maladaptive schemata, self- differentiation and Sexual function, in sequence with(t=2/48, β=20), (t=5/68, β=-0/43), (t=2/51, β=-0/16) have direct relation with extera marital relationship proneness and affect on. The results also showed that the early maladaptive schemata by mediation of self- differentiation have indirect effect(t=4/19, β=0/21) and by mediation of Sexual function don’t have indirect effect(t=0/52, β=0/01) on extera marital relationship proneness. So, the indirect relationship of the early maladaptive schemata by mediation of self- differentiation were confirmed and the other were rejected (p>0.05). Results showed that the early maladaptive schemata, self- differentiation and Sexual function has impact on the initiation of treachery phenomenon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Role of Pathological Traits, Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional in Predicting Personality Disorders of Cluster “C”
Alireza Gol Behnaz Shid Anbarani Hamidreza Aghamohammadian Sharbaf Sajjad Namvar Tabatabaee Mohammad Khakshour Kameh OlyaThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive and emotional schemas in predicting C-Cluster personality disorders. This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample is 359 (230 females and 129 ma MoreThe purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive and emotional schemas in predicting C-Cluster personality disorders. This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample is 359 (230 females and 129 males) who were selected from the age range of 18-50 years in Mashhad. The research instruments were Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-4), DSM-5 Personality Inventory (PID-5), Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ) and Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of this study showed that the variables of control, impaired autonomy, disinhibition, rumination, negative affectivity, consensus, and rationality are significantly capable of predicting dependent personality disorder and the variables of control, disconnection and rejection, guilt and shame, expression, negative affectivity, higher values, and duration had significant predictive power of avoidant personality disorder. variables of negative affectivity, simplistic view of emotion, psychoticism, higher values, disinhibition, and guilt and shame significantly predict the obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. It can be concluded that morbid personality traits, early maladaptive, and emotional schemas play a significant role in predicting personality disorders of cluster “C”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Role of Pathological Personality Traits, Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional Schemas in Predicting Personality Disorders of Cluster “B”
Mohammad Valipour Behnaz Shid Anbarani Fatemeh Davoodi Hamidreza Aghamohamadian Shaerbaf Alireza GolDue to the high prevalence of personality disorders and the change of personality disorder classification model in DSM-5, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and emotional schemas i MoreDue to the high prevalence of personality disorders and the change of personality disorder classification model in DSM-5, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of pathological (morbid) personality traits, early maladaptive schemas and emotional schemas in predicting B-Cluster personality disorders. This is a descriptive correlational study. The sample is 359 (230 females and 129 males) who were selected in access from the age range of 18-50 years in Mashhad. The research instruments were Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-4), DSM-5 Personality Questionnaire (PID-5), Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ) and Lay Emotional Schema Scale (LESS). Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of this study showed that the variables of comprehensibility, disinhibition, consensus, antagonism, impaired limits and psychoticism are significantly capable of predicting antisocial personality disorder and the variables of comprehensibility, control, disinhibition, negative affectivity, rumination, numbness, simplistic view of emotion, blame and duration have significant predictive power of borderline personality disorder and variables of antagonism, guilt, blame, psychoticism, higher values and consensus significantly predict the narcissist personality disorder and variables of consensus, disinhibition, antagonism, negative affectivity, other-directedness, over-vigilance and detachment significantly predict the histrionic personality disorder. It can be concluded that morbid personality traits, early maladaptive schemas, and emotional schemas play a significant role in predicting personality disorders of cluster “B”. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - A framework for organizational social capital development based on the organizational emotional capital
Seyyed Mohammad Toghra hasan Zaree matin Seyyed Hosein Akhavan Alavi Hamid Reza YazdaniSocial capital development is one of the most important challenges of the managers in the today organizations. Decrease of social capital index as level is in Iran proves the necessity of research in this field. Emotional behaviors is an important aspect of interpersona MoreSocial capital development is one of the most important challenges of the managers in the today organizations. Decrease of social capital index as level is in Iran proves the necessity of research in this field. Emotional behaviors is an important aspect of interpersonal communication. This research tries to develop a framework for social capital development based on the organizational emotional capital. This is a qualitative research and uses grounded theory method with emerging approach. Data collection in this research is done using a semi-structured interview. Interviewees where selected from managers in public sector and NGOs of Markazi and Qom provinces. Theoretical saturation after 16 interviews. Final framework of this research consists of two schemas, first one diagnosis social capital and the second one emotional based development of social capital. Under diagnosis schema there are three main categories causes of social capital weakness symptoms of emotional capital weakness and consequences of social capital weakness. And under the second schema there are four main categories reinforcing phenomenon, central phenomenon (emotional social capital), strategies and outcomes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The study of Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive schemas Between Parental Bonding and Addiction Talent.
Mosayeb Yarmohamadi Vasel Khosrow Rashid Majid Karimi ali nozariThe aim of the present study was the study of mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between parental bonding and addiction talent in Bu- Ali Sina University students. The population of this study consists of all arrival undergraduat MoreThe aim of the present study was the study of mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between parental bonding and addiction talent in Bu- Ali Sina University students. The population of this study consists of all arrival undergraduate students( 94-95 academic year) in Bu-Ali Sina University, 322(male and female) students were selected as a sample. Three questionnaire used: Parental Bonding questionnaire( PBI), Maladaptive schema questionnaire short form(SQ-SF) and addiction talent questionnaire students version( ASQ-SV). SPSS and LISREL software was used to analyze the data collected. The results showed that parental bonding( parental low care and overprotection) either directly or indirectly with mediating of early maladaptive schemas impact on addiction talent. Finally, in this research the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between parental bonding and addiction talent was presented as a model. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The Relationship between the Coping Schemas with Stress and Values in Action with Psychological Distress in the Corona Epidemic Period: The Mediating role of Resilience
mohammad mahdavi meydani Mahnaz Shahgholian Hamid KhanipourSince the corona epidemic, various studies have examined the psychological and physical effects of this disease and have considered several factors involved in the occurrence, increase and decrease of psychological distress resulting from this epidemic. The aim of this MoreSince the corona epidemic, various studies have examined the psychological and physical effects of this disease and have considered several factors involved in the occurrence, increase and decrease of psychological distress resulting from this epidemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between coping schemes with stress, virtues in action and resilience with psychological distress during the corona epidemic. 200 students (137 women and 63 men) between the ages of 20-40 were randomly selected and responded online to questionnaires of the Coping Schemas with Stress (CSI-R), Virtues in Action (VIA), Connor and Davidson's Resilience (CD-RISC) and Kessler's psychological distress (K-10). Findings showed that the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between coping schemes with stress and psychological distress is significant. Relationships between coping schemas with stress with virtues in action were also significant. The relationship between virtues in action with psychological distress was not significant. The results of the study indicate that in periods of stress and crisis, such as the Corona epidemic, programs based on promoting resilience is preferred in reducing the level of psychological distress than Programs to change coping schemas with stress and programs to promote positive virtues. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Predicting the Tendency to Vandalism in Delinquents on the Basis of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Social/Emotional Maturity
shahin ahmadvandAbstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the role of early maladaptive sche-mas, social maturity, and emotional maturity in predicting the tendency to vandalism in delinqu-ent teenagers. The sample consisted of 161 de-linquents that had committed vandalis MoreAbstract: The aim of the present study was to determine the role of early maladaptive sche-mas, social maturity, and emotional maturity in predicting the tendency to vandalism in delinqu-ent teenagers. The sample consisted of 161 de-linquents that had committed vandalism and were selected from among 652 male delinquents residing in correctional and educational centers in Tehran, Guilan, Mazandaran, Ardabil, West Azarbaijan, East Azarbaijan, Golestan, and Kho-rasan provinces. In order to collect data, Nikakh-tar’s Vandalism Questionnaire (NVQ), Young Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YEMSQ-SF3), Rao Social Maturity Scale (RSMS), and Singh-Bhargava Emotional Matu- rity Scale (S-BEMS) were used. Results of multiple regressions showed that maladaptive schemas and social/emotional maturity vari-ables significantly predict the changes related to vandalism in delinquent teenagers. These findings indicate that the early maladaptive schemas and social/emotional maturity are effective variables in vandalism among delin-quent teenagers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Exploration the Nature of Educational Action from the Viewpoint of End-Means Schema
khosrow BagheriSubordination of educational action to End-Means schema is controversial in philosophy of education. Disagreements on this schema are due to different reasons, such as the conflict between this schema with student autonomy and the undermining of moral aspects of educati MoreSubordination of educational action to End-Means schema is controversial in philosophy of education. Disagreements on this schema are due to different reasons, such as the conflict between this schema with student autonomy and the undermining of moral aspects of education in this model. On the other hand, the exclusion of educational action from the End-Means schema raises, in turn, some challenges. In order to take an appropriate position on this matter, this paper criticizes the Aristotelian distinction between praxis and poises based on the Islamic conception of action. Based on this critique, an extended version of End-Means schema is introduced for all human actions. Then, the educational action is first explained in terms of an interaction, namely a combination of two actions of educating and being educated issued by the educator and the pupil respectively and each of these actions is analyzed in relation of the suggested schema. In the end, it is shown that how the suggested schema is free from the weaknesses and defects of the traditional explanation of action. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Network Analysis of Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas: A Research Critique
masoumeh masoumi Majid ZarghamHajebi Mohammad Rabi'ei محمد حسین ضرغامیThe aim of the present study was Network Analysis of Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas. sampling method was non-random with maximum variation, the sample size was 849 people and research tool was Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-L3). Network analysis MoreThe aim of the present study was Network Analysis of Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas. sampling method was non-random with maximum variation, the sample size was 849 people and research tool was Young's Early Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-L3). Network analysis, R software and Qgragh package were used for data analysis. The results showed that according to the shape of the drawing network, only the schemas of one domain (disconnection and Rejection) correspond to Young's domain and There are differences in the other 4 domains (Impaired Autonomy and Performance, Impaired limits, Other- directedness and Over vigilance/Inhibition). The importance of these findings is on the one hand in the field of clinical and schema therapy approach and on the other hand in the field of psychometrics and localization of diagnostic tools. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - The Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Academic Procrastination with the Mediating Role of Personality Traits and Perfectionism
sadegh hekmatiyan fard Seyed Mousa GolestanehThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Academic procrastination with the mediating role of personality traits and perfectionism. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational and was performed by st MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and Academic procrastination with the mediating role of personality traits and perfectionism. The method of the present study is descriptive-correlational and was performed by structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study consisted of 8640 students of Persian Gulf University in 1400. 301 students were selected by available sampling method and completed the maladaptive schemas questionnaire (ISQ), active procrastination scale (APS), passive procrastination scale (PPS), Hexaco personality questionnaire (HPQ) and multidimensional perfectionist structures questionnaire (MPCQ) Structural equation model and SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. The results of structural equation model showed that the direct relationship between maladaptive schema variable with perfectionism and maladaptive schema with personality traits is significant. Also, the direct relationship between personality traits and Academic procrastination was significant, but the direct relationship between perfectionism and Academic procrastination was not significant. Indirect relationships of incompatible schema with Academic procrastination were also significant through personality traits, but indirect relationships of incompatible schema with Academic procrastination through perfectionism were not significant. Based on the research findings, we conclude that maladaptive schemas are well associated with Academic procrastination through personality traits. At the end, the necessary suggestions were presented. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Increasing Self-Efficacy and Life Expectancy of Divorced Women and its Effect on Reducing the Initial Maladaptive Patterns of their Daughters
mojtaba aghili Arezou Asghari mitra namaziThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing self-efficacy and life expectancy of divorced women and its effect on reducing the initial maladaptive patterns of their daughters. The scheme of this experimental study was pretest-posttest MoreThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of schema therapy on increasing self-efficacy and life expectancy of divorced women and its effect on reducing the initial maladaptive patterns of their daughters. The scheme of this experimental study was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population was considered all divorced women and their daughters in Urmia in 2017. The sample consisted of 30 divorced women and their daughters who were referred to the family health clinic under the supervision of the Welfare of West Azerbaijan Province. These women were purposefully selected and divided into two experimental groups (15 people), and a control group (15 people) were randomly assigned. In the experimental group, the intervention was performed in groups of 8 sessions of 90 minutes based on schema therapy, but no intervention was applied to the control group. The instruments were Schier's self-efficacy questionnaire (1982), Schneider's life expectancy questionnaire (1991), and the short form of Young's early maladaptive schemas questionnaire (1998). Research data were analyzed by covariance. Findings showed that schema therapy has effectively increased self-efficacy, the life expectancy of divorced women, and modulating maladaptive schemas of their daughters (P<0.000). Schema therapy as a technique can effectively improve the self-efficacy and life expectancy of these divorced women and modify the maladaptive schemas of their daughters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A comparative study of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in two groups of teenagers with and without a history of parental divorce
sara Naderi masoud gholamali lavasani Sogand GhasemzadehThe aim of the present study is to compare the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in two groups of teenagers with and without a history of divorce. The descripti MoreThe aim of the present study is to compare the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in two groups of teenagers with and without a history of divorce. The descriptive research method is of the correlation type and based on the applied goal. The statistical population of the research included all teenage girls in the second secondary school in Tehran in the academic year 1400-1401. 300 students were selected to complete the questionnaires using random cluster sampling. The research tools included Rijekboar and Debo Children's Schema Questionnaire (SIC), Garnefsky and Kraij's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (CERQ) and Riff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (RSPWB). Structural equation modeling method and SPSS-24 and Amos-24 software were used for data analysis. The findings showed that the relationship between initial maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being is negative and significant. Also, the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and positive strategies for cognitive regulation of emotion is negative and significant, and the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and negative strategies for cognitive regulation of emotion is positive and significant. The relationship between positive emotion regulation strategies and psychological well-being is positive and significant. Inconsistent schemas have an inverse and significant effect on psychological well-being through positive cognitive regulation strategies (β=-0.2, p<0.001). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy on Marital Satisfaction and Marital Adjustment in Couples Khoy City
Akbar Soleimannezhad Norieh HajizadehThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of schema therapy on marital adjustment and marital satisfaction in couples referring to health centers of Khoy city. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, a control group, and a fol MoreThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of schema therapy on marital adjustment and marital satisfaction in couples referring to health centers of Khoy city. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design, a control group, and a follow-up stage. The Statistical population composes of all married women aged 25-40 referring to health centers of Khoy city year 2019. The sampling process was conducted with a random method of simple sampling; 60 women were chosen as sample groups and were determined randomly into experimental groups (n=30) and control groups (n=30). The experimental group received the initial maladaptive Yang et al. (2003) schema therapy for ten 90-minute sessions, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The research tools included the Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire (Enrich, 1989) and Instrument included marital adjustment questionnaire (Spanier,1976). Descriptive statistical indexes and analysis of covariance test were applied orderly to data description and testing of research hypotheses. These results showed that Schema therapy affects marital satisfaction and adjustment, and this effect was stable at the follow-up stage. Also, the results of the covariance analysis showed that the interaction schema therapy effect on the marital satisfaction and adjustment components was significant (P<0.05). Regarding the results search, it possibly concluded that schema therapy is an effective intervention in increasing couples’ marital satisfaction and marital adjustment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effectiveness of Schema-Therapy on Eating Styles Happy Child and Healthy Adults Modes in Obese People with Binge Eating Disorder: A Single-Case Study
Maryam Nourizadeh Mirabadi Marjan Hoseinzadeh Taghvaee Reza Moloodi Sheida Sodagar Maryam Bahrami HidajiThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of schema therapy on eating styles and happy child and healthy adults Modes modes in obese people with binge eating disorder. The design of the current research was semi-experimental with a MoreThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of schema therapy on eating styles and happy child and healthy adults Modes modes in obese people with binge eating disorder. The design of the current research was semi-experimental with a single case structure of ABA type. The statistical population of the study included obese women suffering from binge eating disorder who referred to a slimming clinic in Tehran in 2014-2016. The study sample consisted of eight obese women according to the inclusion criteria. Data collection tools included the Dutch Eating Styles Questionnaire (1986), the Young Schema Modes Questionnaire (2008) and a semi-structured interview. Schema therapy was implemented in form of 20 90-minute group sessions and 4 additional 45-minute individual sessions. The participants were evaluated 3 times in the baseline phase, 10 times in the intervention phase, and 8 weeks after the intervention, they were followed up 4 times every 2 weeks using the measurement tool. In order to analyze the data, the participants' scores were collected individually during the three stages of baseline, ten stages of intervention and four stages of follow-up, and then by using the trend chart and interpreting the ups and downs of the scores. Participants were visually analyzed in different stages of baseline, intervention and follow-up. Then, by using the effect size indices, the percentage of non-overlapping data (PND), and the percentage of improvement and the valid change index (RCI), the effectiveness of the treatment was determined. The findings showed that in most of the participants, in the intervention stage compared to the baseline stage the scores of efficient modes; The happy child and healthy adult had an upward and increasing trend. For all the participants, The scores of emotional eating styles all people and external for most of them, and inhibited eating styles also had a downward and decreasing trend. Also, the RCI index scores indicated the stability of schema therapy results in the follow-up phase. Manuscript profile
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