• List of Articles Practice

      • Open Access Article

        1 - Class Practice and its Effect on Narrative Literature of Iran; Case Study of Reza Baraheni
        Mohamman Reza Sedghi Rezvani حاتم  قادری
        In the contemporary history of Iran, literature was under focus as a framework for expressing social changes particularly after the Iranian’s encountering with Modernity during Constitutional Revolution. Some of Iranian forces and literary activists who had leftist tren More
        In the contemporary history of Iran, literature was under focus as a framework for expressing social changes particularly after the Iranian’s encountering with Modernity during Constitutional Revolution. Some of Iranian forces and literary activists who had leftist trends in their political thought, choose literature as their method and approach in their fighting. Reza Baraheni as an Iranian writer and critic is located in cultural Left in the literary domain of Iran. Before and after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, he produced some works in criticism, poetry, and story which, in one hand, include themes like class practice and, in other hand, shows his commitment toward social and political changes of a society in which he intellectually lives. This commitment is itself based on an epicism based on Leftism; therefore, the present Class practice in Baraheni’s works could be seen as effected by his Epic Leftism. Manuscript profile
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        2 - Possibilities of Genetic Structuralism Methodology in Analyzing How Ideas are constructed
        Ali Khodaverdi ali alihoseini
        The basic hypothesis of this research is that the ideas, thoughts and attitudes as intellectual practices are all constructed. The main question is that which methodological patterns and prospects can better explain and elaborate how thoughts and views are constructed b More
        The basic hypothesis of this research is that the ideas, thoughts and attitudes as intellectual practices are all constructed. The main question is that which methodological patterns and prospects can better explain and elaborate how thoughts and views are constructed by intellects. It seems that French famous philosopher and sociologist Pierre Bourdieu’s relational or interactional methodological approach and pattern known as Genetic Structuralism can answer better and more completed to this question. Obviously using mentioned approach in analyzing how ideas are constructed by intellects is depended on assuming thoughts as practices of their owners. Manuscript profile
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        3 - The results and influences of the principle of civil verdicts practice stoppage prevention
             
        Verdict practice is the continuation of the trial process; therefore its unnecessary stoppage is both does not make sense and against the policy-maker will, and leads to nothing but indiscipline and chaos in the society. In this end, non-stoppage of verdict practice in More
        Verdict practice is the continuation of the trial process; therefore its unnecessary stoppage is both does not make sense and against the policy-maker will, and leads to nothing but indiscipline and chaos in the society. In this end, non-stoppage of verdict practice in Iran with some specific legal cases has been accepted as a principle. The domain of this principle, in terms of time span, is after the certainty of verdict and the announcement of the verdict until its full practice and the end of the practice process, and in terms of objective, includes the issued judicial verdicts by the judicial courts or any other resources with civic features.The agreements are not included in this domain except indispensable agreements such as demand supply and preliminary order. The effects can be seen on practicing parties, third parties, officials, agents and judges of verdict practice, which has been mentioned in various laws with penal practice guarantee and civic responsibility. High speed and effectiveness of verdict practice, respect to the rights of both parties, observing the view of the wining party, observing the interests and the rights of the losing party are among the advantages of this principle Manuscript profile
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        4 - The analysis of the discourse of Imams' Imams by the Taqiyah method based on John Searle's Theory of Speech Action
        marzieh barzan Karim Najafi Barzegar azghar quedan Shsan  Qurishi
        In this article, we intend to examine the discourse of the Imams (as) on the issue of taqiyya, relying on John Searle's theory of speech action, which is within the domain of discourse analysis. Taqiyya is a Shi'a theological-jurisprudential doctrine and a historical ap More
        In this article, we intend to examine the discourse of the Imams (as) on the issue of taqiyya, relying on John Searle's theory of speech action, which is within the domain of discourse analysis. Taqiyya is a Shi'a theological-jurisprudential doctrine and a historical approach to preserving the existence of a minority against the majority. One of the Imam's (AS) campaigns in the Umayyad and Abbasid era is the method of 'taqiyyah'. According to the requirements of time and place, the Imams used taqiyyah to fight the enemy and advance the cause. John Searle has explored the relationship between language and society from a philosophical perspective. Searle's theory of spoken action has different functions, and one must pay attention to their secondary meaning in understanding fragments. This descriptive-analytical study seeks to answer the question of how the Imams (as) used discourses with their secondary meanings and more than what actions. Have they spoken a word? Examination of the research data shows that according to the theory of "verbal verbs", Sir Imam (AS) has used expressions that have a secondary meaning in mind and that the spoken, emotional speech acts have been used to further their goals. And persuasion was most used, while not benefiting from declarative and accrual action. Manuscript profile
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        5 - Evidence-based Management: A Bridge for the Gap Between the Management Science and Manager Practice
        Amin Pazhohesh Jahromy
        The practical relevance of management research is an ongoing concern for many management scholars. The source of this concern is that arguments relying on experience and intuition for decision making by the individual manager or Organizational Management Council poll, w More
        The practical relevance of management research is an ongoing concern for many management scholars. The source of this concern is that arguments relying on experience and intuition for decision making by the individual manager or Organizational Management Council poll, would not guarantee achieving organizational goals and realization of the organizational programs. Evidence-based management as a solution to this problem is to combine the best evidence of ideas, research results and research organization in the field of management to make the best decision. The literature on this subject has had a significant increase in the last decade, yet Iran has not been considered, thus, it is difficult to find a Persian article on the subject. The purpose of this paper is to introduce evidence-based management and to provide a mechanism for management more evidence-based and result-oriented than ever. This research has a practical objective, in terms of nature, quality and library method of data collection (secondary studies, meta-synthesis) and is based on an online study of information sources. The article by hypothesizing the premise that managers’ lack awareness of evidence-based approach has led to this concept to be less considered. By reviewing the literature on evidence and classification of evidence, as well as evidence-based management, we offer a five-step model: “What do we need to know?; Finding the evidence; Getting the needed insights ; Communicating the message; Making the right evidence -based decisions”. Manuscript profile
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        6 - Rereading Suhrawardi’s Illuminationist Philosophy in the Light of Pierre Hadot’s Philosophical Model: Philosophy as a Way of Life
        Amir Abbas  ‘Alizamani Zahra  Rastakhiz Ghasroaldashti
        Pierre Hadot (1922-2010), the contemporary French philosopher showed the dynamism and true life of philosophy in philosophers’ everyday life through presenting a philosophical model, called Philosophy as a Way of Life, which is the product of his several years of resear More
        Pierre Hadot (1922-2010), the contemporary French philosopher showed the dynamism and true life of philosophy in philosophers’ everyday life through presenting a philosophical model, called Philosophy as a Way of Life, which is the product of his several years of research in the field of ancient philosophy. In this paper, the writers have tried to analyze and interpret Suhrawardi’s Illuminationist philosophy based on this model. Accordingly, in the first part, in addition to introducing the mentioned model, they explain its important elements such as the philosophical language of spiritual practice and its place in studying philosophical schools pursuing spiritual guidance. The second part provides an analysis and interpretation of the Illuminationist philosophy in the framework of this model. Therefore, it initially propounds the basic principles of Suhrawardi’s school regarding light, the hierarchy of lights, the soul and its significance, the world of Ideas and its necessity, epistemology, and ontology. Discussing the fundamental principles of Illuminationist philosophy helps to specify the way of life and its elements and features in this school in relation to the philosophical model of “Philosophy as a Way of Life”. Since Suhrawardi’s Illuminationist philosophy bears a tight unity with gnosis and spiritual wayfaring, it is difficult to perceive it philosophically and to demonstrate its structural coherence in explaining various philosophical problems. Through presenting certain strategies, Hadot’s model enables researchers to develop a coherent and comprehensive perception of the problems propounded in this philosophical-gnostic school and the way of life it advocates. Manuscript profile
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        7 - Exploring Content of Nurses’ Emotional Labour Dimensions and Investigating the Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on it in Mashhad’s Public Hospitals
            Mostafa Kazemi saeed mortazavi
        Emotional labor as the management of emotions is the vital aspect of nursing profession that must be observed in order to express the organization’s intended emotions. Despite the emphasis made over the importance of this topic, it has not been much within the spot ligh More
        Emotional labor as the management of emotions is the vital aspect of nursing profession that must be observed in order to express the organization’s intended emotions. Despite the emphasis made over the importance of this topic, it has not been much within the spot light of experts inside the country; as the result there is no accurate cognition over the phenomenon. The current study, due to the existing knowledge gap and its important application in the domain being studied, explores contents of emotional labor dimensions in nurses; since a special goal out of HRM practices must be developed to create and preserve desired organization’s emotions, the second aim for this paper is studying the impact of HRM practices on contents of these dimensions. In the qualitative, all exemplar nurses of Mashhad’s public hospitals were interviewed by purposeful sampling; and the analysis was conducted through Colaizzi method. In quantitative, a questionnaire was distributed among 130 experienced nurses; and the analysis was conducted through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and AMOS software. Finally, in qualitative, in surface acting, 5 subcategories in 2 categories “emotional mask and emotional deal”; and in deep acting, 15 subcategories in 5 categories “emotional withdrawal, emotional empathy, emotional arousal, emotional sharing, and emotional reflection” emerged. In quantitative, the result for confirmatory factor analysis confirmed all categories and subcategories obtained in nurses’ emotional labor; also, HRM practices affected contents of emotional labor dimensions. Manuscript profile
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        8 - Effect of Human resource management practice on Intrapreneurship with mediating role on as a Employee Empowerment
        Hamideh  Jamadi Majid Esmaeilpour fakhrieh Hamidianpour
        Background: Nowadays different social systems are facing complex and developmental challenges, changes are happening very fast and new forms of conflict are appearing. One of the approaches used by organizations to deal with increasing challenges is entrepreneurship. En More
        Background: Nowadays different social systems are facing complex and developmental challenges, changes are happening very fast and new forms of conflict are appearing. One of the approaches used by organizations to deal with increasing challenges is entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship in an organization is the result of effective management in the company. Objective: A study on the effect of Human resource management practice on the Intrapreneurship with its as a mediating role on for Employee Empowerment. Methodology: The methodology used in this research is practical and data collection is descriptive _ survey based. Statistical Population includes state company managers and supervisors located in the city of Bushehr and random sampling selection is used. 163 surveys were collected. In order to the literature of the research and to design the utility model; in data collection, the researcher has used libraries method and used internet scientific search engine and based on that, the theoretical foundation for the project is prepared. At last, the questionnaire which is some sort of the whole five-item Likert approach is used. Findings: As a whole 15 project hypotheses, two hypotheses weren’t approved and the rest are at the level of 95 percent assurance and given the reported statistical scale t, critical level of 1/96 was approved. Conclusion: The results show that compensation, practical management, instruction and work relationships with its role as a medium for the competency, meaning and impact the Intrapreneurship, even though employment and self-determination won’t influence the variable Intrapreneurship. Manuscript profile
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        9 - The Effect of Green Supply Chain Management Practices on Performance and Competitiveness in a Chadormaloo Iron Ore Mine
        seyyed morteza ghayour niloofar nejati yazdi nejad amir ghafourian shagerdi
        Because green practices are very common in industrial environments and have affected on performance.The present study investigates the effect of green supply chain management measures on performance and competitiveness in Chadormelo iron ore mine. This research is appl More
        Because green practices are very common in industrial environments and have affected on performance.The present study investigates the effect of green supply chain management measures on performance and competitiveness in Chadormelo iron ore mine. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of analytical method. The statistical population of this study is the managers and organizational experts of Chadormelo Iron Ore Company (317 people), of which 180 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method.Data collection tools were a localized questionnaire based on the research of Yang et al. (2013) and Younes et al. (2016).The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the validity criterion and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient.Structural equation modeling and PLS software were used to analyze the data.The test of research hypotheses with the help of structural equation modeling showed that internal measures and external collaborations of green supply chain management are related to green performance and competitiveness of the company.Also, the relationship between both green supply chain management departments and the company's social performance was confirmed.On the other hand, the relationship between competitiveness and corporate social performance was positive and significant.In addition, the mediating role of competitiveness in the relationship between green supply chain management and social performance was only confirmed in terms of internal measures and external participation.Finally, it can be said that internal measures and external partnerships of green supply chain management in Chadormelo Company strengthen the company's social performance. Manuscript profile
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        10 - The Mediatory Role of Organizational Learning in the Relationship between Human Resources Management Practices and Organizational Innovation
        Ghasem Salimi
        The purpose of current research is to investigate the effect of human resource management practices on organizational innovation with mediatory role of organizational learning in Shiraz University. The research method was descriptive – correlation and the statistical po More
        The purpose of current research is to investigate the effect of human resource management practices on organizational innovation with mediatory role of organizational learning in Shiraz University. The research method was descriptive – correlation and the statistical population consisted of the whole staff of Shiraz University that among them 201 employees were selected by using Cluster sampling method. Three following questionnaires were used as research tools ; human resource management practices (Raj & Srivastava, 2013), organizational innovation (Shoham, 2012) and organizational learning (Ju, 2006). After estimating the reliability and validity, questionnaires were distributed. Results indicated that human resource management practices weren't a significant predictor of organizational innovation directly but it affected organizational innovation by mediatory role of organizational learning. Finally, the current paper offers guidelines to HR managers in regard to organizational learning and its importance to achieve organizational innovation. Manuscript profile
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        11 - The Mediatory Role of Organizational Learning in the Relationship between Human Resources Management Practices and Organizational Innovation
        Ghasem Salimi
        The purpose of current research is to investigate the effect of human resource management practices on organizational innovation with mediatory role of organizational learning in Shiraz University. The research method was descriptive – correlation and the statistical po More
        The purpose of current research is to investigate the effect of human resource management practices on organizational innovation with mediatory role of organizational learning in Shiraz University. The research method was descriptive – correlation and the statistical population consisted of the whole staff of Shiraz University that among them 201 employees were selected by using Cluster sampling method. Three following questionnaires were used as research tools ; human resource management practices (Raj & Srivastava, 2013), organizational innovation (Shoham, 2012) and organizational learning (Ju, 2006). After estimating the reliability and validity, questionnaires were distributed. Results indicated that human resource management practices weren't a significant predictor of organizational innovation directly but it affected organizational innovation by mediatory role of organizational learning. Finally, the current paper offers guidelines to HR managers in regard to organizational learning and its importance to achieve organizational innovation. Manuscript profile
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        12 - The transition from theory to practice in Islamic education
        رضا محمدی چابکی Fatemeh Sadat Bitarafan
        The present study is an attempt to fill the gap between educational theory and practice, taking into account the Islamic perspective on education, which is based on the destruction of the concept of martyrdom (Shahadah). In this regard, by emphasizing the role of the or More
        The present study is an attempt to fill the gap between educational theory and practice, taking into account the Islamic perspective on education, which is based on the destruction of the concept of martyrdom (Shahadah). In this regard, by emphasizing the role of the original factor in Islamic education, the Prophet has been considered as a perfect manifestation of human beings and witnessed the implementation of original theories and the main mediator between theory and practice in education. Thus, the transition from theory to educational practice is explained by the basic principle that approaching the Prophet is a criterion for approaching the field of action and an objective manifestation of the theory of education, and consequently, distancing oneself from this educational criterion is a sign of the separation between theory and educational practice. Therefore, according to the Prophet's practical life in the history of Islam, transition in terms of educational practice has been introduced in three levels or general phases, including rational, emotional and behavioral levels by introducing twelve basic components. Manuscript profile
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        13 - Introducing Mentoring Model By Improving Human Resources Practices Approach, (Case Study: National Iranian South Oilfields Company)
        Ali Ghasemi Ghasemvand Vahid Chenari Mehrdad  Hamrahi aliakbar ahmadi
        The purpose of this research is introducing mentoring model by improving Human Resources Practices approach in National Iranian South Oilfields Company. This research is done according to qualitative and quantitative approach (Mixed method). In qualitative step finding More
        The purpose of this research is introducing mentoring model by improving Human Resources Practices approach in National Iranian South Oilfields Company. This research is done according to qualitative and quantitative approach (Mixed method). In qualitative step finding necessary factors and bases for model were done by use of interview with 11 people of experts that were chosen by use of snowball sampling method and theme analysis was used and this research is an exploratory research. To survey the validation of the research qualitative data gathering tool expert`s opinions were used and to survey the reliability of the theme analysis findings Kappa Index was used and 96 initial codes in the form of 12 themes and in fact necessary bases for designing model were found that consists of: organizational relationships, mentoring assessment, organizational education, organizational commitment, personnel empowerment, organizational chart, organizational factors, knowledge management, career path management, human resources management, organizational performance results and mentor`s individual characteristics. In quantitative step for model validation Structural Equations were used. In this research by use of stratified random sampling and according to Cochran formula, out of 105 people in the statistical population, the number of sample should be 83 people that 100 questionnaires were distributed for precaution. Research model according to qualitative analysis findings and results of Structural Equations and according to finding necessary bases for implementation of mentoring and by use of Partial Minimum Square Technique was examined and finally mentoring model by improving Haman Resource Practices Approach and suggestions for creating the necessary conditions and context for the implementation of mentoring were introduced. Manuscript profile
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        14 - Functions of practical reason and explaining the principles of moral practice from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai
        Nasibeh Nikpoor Narges  Keshti Arai Seyed Hossein  vaezi
        The aim of this study was to investigate the function of practical reason from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and to formulate the principles of moral practice based on it, using a descriptive-analytical method of qualitative content analysis. He considers theoret More
        The aim of this study was to investigate the function of practical reason from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and to formulate the principles of moral practice based on it, using a descriptive-analytical method of qualitative content analysis. He considers theoretical intellect as having the function of true perception, distinguishing right from wrong, and the function of practical intellect as credit perception and distinguishing good from evil, and issues rulings related to voluntary actions. In this regard, the research findings indicate that practical intellect has three functions of perception (science), recognition of should and should not, is the ruling to perform action. In the field of perception (science), practical intellect operates with divine inspiration and the construction of credit perception. In the part of discernment, in order to achieve moral goodness, one should use the healthy nature and the divine law, which is the guardian religion, and in the function of the ruling to perform an action, practical intellect with the help of active force and during the stages of need, create inner feeling. Credit perception, giving the relation must (necessity), enthusiasm, will, command to do the action, and finally, by doing the action, pleasure is achieved for human beings. It is a moral act that seeks the pleasure of the hereafter, not the worldly. Manuscript profile
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        15 - A Critical Study of the Definition of Practice in Mullā Ṣadrā
        Fatemeh Sadat Ketabchi Keramat Varzdar
        Mullā Ṣadrā maintains that the distinction of practice from other acts pertains to its “intentional” nature. In his view, “intention” includes the free will accompanied with the second level of consciousness acting based on the purpose of practice. Therefore, not each v More
        Mullā Ṣadrā maintains that the distinction of practice from other acts pertains to its “intentional” nature. In his view, “intention” includes the free will accompanied with the second level of consciousness acting based on the purpose of practice. Therefore, not each voluntary act is called “practice”; rather, practice is a voluntary act that emerges along with the second level consciousness based on the purpose of act. The results of this study, which was conducted following a descriptive-analytic method and through the analysis of conceptual concomitants of practice, indicate that Mullā Ṣadrā’s definition is not mutually exclusive. This is because, based on the example of “self-conscious” robot, one can assume an agent that enjoys free will and consciousness but its act is not intentional. Therefore, to complete the definition of practice, in addition to free will and consciousness, one needs a third element or the same “choice”. Mullā Ṣadrā does not officially recognize “choice” as the third element of practice and reduces it to the same consciousness and the free will. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates that he is wrong, and “choice” in the sense of “the freedom to use the free will” must be added to the definition of practice. This study mainly aims to examine the quiddative structure of “practice” in the Transcendent Philosophy and distinguish “practice” from other similar affairs. Manuscript profile
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        16 - Data Analyses in Veterinary Research & Practice
        Negin Esfandiary MohammadArad zandieh
        Researchers can interpret and analyze livestock problems and diseases by using data obtained from different characteristics of animals and their environment. The pivotal role of statistical analysis of data in the field of veterinary research & practice is inevitable. I More
        Researchers can interpret and analyze livestock problems and diseases by using data obtained from different characteristics of animals and their environment. The pivotal role of statistical analysis of data in the field of veterinary research & practice is inevitable. In this review article, shedding light on its significance in unraveling complex patterns and drawing reliable conclusions from diverse datasets. The veterinary domain, characterized by a spectrum of species and inherent biological variability, necessitates robust statistical methodologies to discern meaningful insights. In order to make inferences about disease causation or a researcher's hypothesis, data must be categorized and the goal is to decide whether the groups are statistically different or not. Finally, using a suitable statistical test, the research hypothesis is rejected or accepted, and finally the necessary interpretations are made. The researcher can decide what data should be collected and how. In practice, in this case, the researcher's hands are open and they can make the best possible decision, but often prospective data collection is costly and time-consuming. Another mode is retrospective research, which is often based on data collected by veterinarians from slaughterhouses, laboratories, clinics, inoculation centers, etc. or from other organizations and institutions. The article explores a range of statistical techniques applied in veterinary research and practice, including data normalization, hypothesis test, parametric and non-parametric test, regression and coefficient test, and validity in veterinary medicine. These futures has shedding light on animal interactions and patterns. Ultimately, this review article serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners in veterinary science, offering insights into the nuanced application of statistical analyses. By navigating the complexities of veterinary data, it aims to empower the scientific community to leverage statistical tools effectively, ultimately advancing the quality and reliability of research in veterinary medicine. Manuscript profile
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        17 - Historical Development of the Meaning of Philosophy from Ancient Greece to Mullā Ṣadrā: A Study of the Role of Spiritual Practice in Explaining Mullā Ṣadrā’s Philosophy Based on Hadot’s Approach
        Majeed Pirhoseinloo Tahereh Kamalizadeh Seyyed Mustafa  Shahraeini
        <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 130%;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roma More
        <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: 130%;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Pierre Hadot, the French Philosopher, considers ancient Greek philosophy as &ldquo;a way of life&rdquo;. He has no positive view of Scholastic Christian philosophies and believes that the rise of Christianity was the main reason behind the fall of philosophy from its main place as a way of life. Accordingly, he seriously questions the possibility of explaining and investigating Scholastic philosophies and their most important representatives, particularly Thomas Aquinas, and other religion-based-philosophies, such as Sadrian philosophy. The present paper explores the possibility of explaining Mullā Ṣadrā&rsquo;s philosophy as a way of life based on Pierre Hadot&rsquo;s approach to philosophy. Previously, in his study of Aquinas&rsquo; philosophy, Matthew Kruger stated that Hadot&rsquo;s perception of Aquinas&rsquo; philosophy was incorrect and inaccurate while, if it is understood correctly, it is possible to explain it as a way of life based on Hadot&rsquo;s approach to ancient Greek philosophy. Kruger has challenged Hadot&rsquo;s view by resorting to some arguments such as Hadot&rsquo;s incorrect perception of Aquinas&rsquo; philosophy and his disagreement with Thomasian tradition, Thomas&rsquo; attention to spiritual life, and presence of spiritual practice in his philosophy. In this paper, the authors initially present Kruger&rsquo;s arguments and then, by providing some similar proofs from Mullā Ṣadrā&rsquo;s works, try to elucidate the possibility of explaining Mullā Ṣadrā&rsquo;s philosophy as a way of life based on Hadot&rsquo;s approach. Following Kruger, they conclude that, at least regarding spiritual practices, which Hadot considers as one of the pillars of the theory of philosophy as a way of life, Mullā Ṣadrā&rsquo;s philosophy can also be interpreted as a way of life. The novelty of this paper lies in the fact that it aims to demonstrate the possibility of such a research while being loyal to Hadot&rsquo;s general theory, which was apparently considered to be a presupposition in the past. </span></p> Manuscript profile