Participation

Open Access Article

1 - Sustainability factors and capacities of university-industry relations In higher education system
rouhollah bagheri mirmohammad seyyed abbas zadeh Mohammad hasani

The aim of this study was identification of Sustainability factors and capacities of university-industry relations in higher education system. The research method was descriptive survey. the research community, was including faculty members five universities country and More

The aim of this study was identification of Sustainability factors and capacities of university-industry relations in higher education system. The research method was descriptive survey. the research community, was including faculty members five universities country and industry representatives. Research sample, was selected in faculty members with random stratified of Morgan table 263 people and sample in industry representatives with randomly 12 people. Analysis procedures was multivariate regression, Manova and t with using the software SPSS. The research tools included two questionnaires sustainability factors Lee and capacities capacities of university-industry relations Ssebuwufu. According to the analysis Confirmatory validity and its reliability by Cronbach's alpha was appropriate. The results showed that sustainability factors, reasons and motivation and benefit in the university sector was positive and significant. But industry representatives, the sustainability benefits announced lower than optimal. Existing capacities has been a positive and significant relationship between university and industry. All components of capacities university-industry relations has been a positive and significant effect on Sustainability. All components of capacity, has predicted the reasons and motivations and benefit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Electronics City the role in promoting of indicators of sustainable development with emphasis on electronic banking case study in Karaj
Alireza Estelaji Najmeh Shahtalebi

Issues and problems in the issue of air pollution, heavy traffic and wasting time on the streets, increasing the administrative and commercial activities of citizens in cities, increasing population and lack of fitness facilities and services, so that for various reason More

Issues and problems in the issue of air pollution, heavy traffic and wasting time on the streets, increasing the administrative and commercial activities of citizens in cities, increasing population and lack of fitness facilities and services, so that for various reasons has been formed in cities As well as citizens increasingly demand to provide satisfactory service and quality, and the municipal and state slogan and policy managers to focus on sustainable urban development, decision-making and planning based on technology and techniques the world's urban management is not only inevitable but also necessary and enter the world of electronic logical and convenient to the city is needed. One of the most widely used and most central urban needs of electronic services, electronic banking services, which with its activities is an important contribution to sustainable urban development. Therefore, this research was carried Metropolis research. The study was cross-sectional and library studies and field research was conducted using questionnaires. The results of the test the hypotheses using one sample T-test or One sample T test and Spearman correlation was also Shows that electronic banking will have an important role in the realization of sustainable urban development and in this regard citizens as key stakeholders have a direct influence on this issue and the possibility of achieving the desired goals is not possible without the participation of citizens. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Women and Endowment/vaqf (case study: Tehran city in the Qajar and Pahlavi Eras )
parvaneh shahhoseyni

People's voluntary contributions and activities to manage various affairs, especially in supportive affairs and poverty alleviation, have always been a part of human activities. Endowment or vaqf is one of the ways of social contribution that social groups, including wo More

People's voluntary contributions and activities to manage various affairs, especially in supportive affairs and poverty alleviation, have always been a part of human activities. Endowment or vaqf is one of the ways of social contribution that social groups, including women, are engaged in. The purpose of this research is to identify how women in Tehran participated in vaqf-related social activities during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods. The research method is documentary-descriptive. The statistical population includes all the endower women of Tehran city in the studied periods whose information is available. The vaqf-related data of these endower women were collected from valid sources, and were analyzed using statistical methods and AHP model. The findings show that the women of Tehran, having the right to own property and financial independence, have had the opportunity to participate in social affairs according to their tendency. Although in both studied periods, the religious motivation for vaqf had a higher position than other motivations, during the Qajar period, part of the development and Construction process of Tehran city has been accomplished through vaqf. The type of endowment sites is closely related to the social class of the endowers. Therefore, since most of the women in the city of Tehran during the Qajar period were mainly from the aristocracy and the lords, their most endowed sites is commercial, with a tendency towards dokan (old small store or shop), which in the Pahlavi era, was replaced with residential sites, especially home. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Globalization and the Challenge of Political Participation in Islamic Republic of Iran1
hassan abniki

Challenge is considered as a key concept in social-political science. All states face it somehow. They have to examine different strategies to prevent it from turning into crisis because not knowing a challenge can put a state in institutional and non-institutional trou More

Challenge is considered as a key concept in social-political science. All states face it somehow. They have to examine different strategies to prevent it from turning into crisis because not knowing a challenge can put a state in institutional and non-institutional troubles, resulting in its deficiency and crisis in its legitimacy. Using institutionalism approach, the present article studies challenging effects of globalization on efficiency of Islamic Republic of Iran regarding political participation challenge. It shows how globalization can cause the challenge of political participation in Islamic Republic of Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Comparative Review of Reformist and Fundamentalist Currents toward Political Participation of Women in Islamic Republic of Iran (1997-2005)
Mohammad Abedi Ardakani پروین عظیمی

Since the victory of Islamic Republic of Iran up to now, there emerged two significant and effective intellectual and political currents. The first current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “Juristic Islamism Current” and from political dimension as “ More

Since the victory of Islamic Republic of Iran up to now, there emerged two significant and effective intellectual and political currents. The first current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “Juristic Islamism Current” and from political dimension as “Fundamentalism current”, got its climax political power in first and third decades of Islamic Revolution and it still keeps its power today. In contrast, the second current which could be called from intellectual dimension as “religious new thinkers” and from political aspect as the “Reformism current” reached its climax political power in the second decade of Revolution and from then on its is declining. The main purpose of this article is to comparatively review these two currents regarding the issue of women’s rights, particularly in relation to their political participation and its main hypothesis is as follows: “the different intellectual and religious principles of these two currents caused an inconsistency in their position toward the issue of women’s rights, particularly in relation to their political participations. To evaluate this hypothesis, using the descriptive-analytical method, it is tried to review intellectual and religious alphabets of these two currents and compare particularly these two in relation to political participation and family. The findings of this research shows that their attitudes toward the issue of women’s rights have significant differences in one hand, and in other hand, these differences are basically due to their different but inflexible interpretations of religion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Anxiety and Political Action (Case Study: The Boy Students of Law and Political Science Faculty, University of Tehran)
Aliapshraf Nazari Hanif Amoozadeh Mahdiraji

The impact of human emotions not only effect on their daily life, but also influence on political behavior. Hence, high ranked of mass people or politicians make decisions based on their emotions. It is not reasonable to believe that people`s reaction based on their log More

The impact of human emotions not only effect on their daily life, but also influence on political behavior. Hence, high ranked of mass people or politicians make decisions based on their emotions. It is not reasonable to believe that people`s reaction based on their logical thinking. Some psychological factors such as anxiety (As an effective factor inside humans) could make people`s behaviors in their lifecycle. therefore, human`s political believes will also be affected by these motivators. In paper, this issue has recognized that anxiety has a dual effect on different levels of political behaviors. In one aspect, increase in anxiety will make direct effect on political behavior, and on the other hand, if anxiety breaks its red line, it will have decreasing effect on political behavior of society by motivating defensive mechanisms, and as a result society isolation and surveillance will appear. By using proper tools, defensive mechanisms could be controlled and political behavior of the society will turn back to its equilibrium point. Finally a dynamic system model has been described for this purpose. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Examination of Political Participation among Iranian Society’ Middle Class
hassan abniki

Studies show that there is a significant relationship between political participation of individuals and their social class. In other words, a similar behavior pattern can be seen regarding political participation among individuals belonging to a special social class th More

Studies show that there is a significant relationship between political participation of individuals and their social class. In other words, a similar behavior pattern can be seen regarding political participation among individuals belonging to a special social class that can be extended to all of this class. Here in urban middle class, knowing political behavior and the kind of its political participation based on this class’ significance in urban democratic class is very important, because of the importance of this class in modern democratic systems. Iranian urban middle class has played an important role in important historical intervals and in political and social events especially after constitution revolution. In this essay, it is cleared through the political participation of middle class that high political consciousness among the middle class along with high education and their high job position has been led to reducing political participation and shaping political discontent among the members of the middle class. The findings of this research show that the main problem of middle class is the political problem. In fact, Iranian new middle class feels the most inability and incapacity in the politics due to its fairly appropriate economic status. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Waqf and the Function of Political Participation in Contemporary Iran: A Study From the New Institutionalism Point of View
Ali Karim Hadisi Mojtaba Maghsoodi Akbar Ashrafi Babak Naderpour

Waqf [a system of land-based charitable endowment], as rooted in historical and religious traditions in Iran and the Islamic world, has always been a topic of interest for believers, philanthropists, statesmen, and of course those who have benefited from it in different More

Waqf [a system of land-based charitable endowment], as rooted in historical and religious traditions in Iran and the Islamic world, has always been a topic of interest for believers, philanthropists, statesmen, and of course those who have benefited from it in different social groups and classes. For a long time, the mechanisms of waqf as a non-governmental and traditional institution have been very influential on various social, political, economic, and cultural structures. Today, with the introduction of the idea of small government and big civil society, these institutions have the potential for attracting renewed attention to revise their internal and external mechanisms and to revitalize their functionality. The main question of this study is as follow: from the standpoint of New Institutionalism, how does waqf as a Sharia-based, society-centered, andnon-governmental institution affect political participation? Our hypothesis is that the practice of waqf facilitates higher degrees of political participation sinceas a non-governmental institution, it takes up some of the responsibilities of the state for social justice, and with a philanthropy that is based in piety and humanism, it contributes to the distribution of wealth and resources. Indeed we can account for different aspects of this mechanism by re-reading the concept of waqf andits historical background from the perspective of New Institutionalism. This research tries to help represent this neglected field by using a qualitative-conceptual method. Findings of this study portrayWaqf in three ways; "Social participation" through focusing on health care, "economic participation" through donations and welfare services, and "political participation" through cultural-educational functions, especially for the needy and disadvantaged groups Governance helps and has the talent to serve as a model of efficient and community-based governance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Citizenship as the Normative Implication of Phronetic Development
عباس منوچهری saeed nariman

The relationship between political philosophy and development, as the creation of conditions that would lead to "life betterment", was marginalized in the beginnings of the development of modern political thought. Due to the influence of ideas such as utilitarianism and More

The relationship between political philosophy and development, as the creation of conditions that would lead to "life betterment", was marginalized in the beginnings of the development of modern political thought. Due to the influence of ideas such as utilitarianism and the market economy, the twentieth century witnessed the re-emergence of the concept of development as growth. The mentioned concept claimed what civic/political knowledge sought from the beginning, namely "Good living". This paper is an attempt to rebalance this situation by developing a theory of phronetic development based on the Aristotelian concept of phronesis. Using an implicative approach, the paper argues for using the concept of citizenship as the normative implication of phronetic development. In order to do so, the paper deconstructs economic growth theory, exposes its reductionist conception of development, and reestablishes the link between moral philosophy, economy, politics, and development. In this conception, democracy as public reasoning, participation as empowering citizens' phronesis, and freedom are the main constitutive elements of phronetic development. Therefore, appropriate policies and measures should be put in place to promote citizenship that induces phronetic development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Comparising the components of democracy with the criteria of good governance in the light of international law
Akbar Savari Samaneh Rahmatifar Shahram zarneshan

The purpose of this study is to explain the components of good governance as indicators of democracy in order to end the divergence of views in understanding democracy from the perspective of the Practical procedure of international law. Good governance is one of the pr More

The purpose of this study is to explain the components of good governance as indicators of democracy in order to end the divergence of views in understanding democracy from the perspective of the Practical procedure of international law. Good governance is one of the prescriptions of international institutions for national systems and democracy is one of the long-standing social aspirations of nations. The research method is descriptive-analytical with a genealogical approach; In this way, after describing democracy and good governance, in terms of their history in international law, the components of good governance as the principles of democracy are measured through the comparative method. The result shows that the components of good governance have the potential to become indicators of the principles of democracy and, by objectifying democracy, make it possible to measure the degree of democratic legitimacy of states in terms of international law; Thus, in international law, a legitimate state is a democratic state, and democracy means the domination of good governance over all relations between citizens and the state. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Comparative Study of Islamic and Western Perspective of Women’s participation in economic activities
Soheila Biria

10.52547/row.2.2.41

Women make up half of the world’s population. Therefore, their economic activities, as half of the community workforce, are very effective in achieving economic growth and development. Different societies have different views about the extent of women’s participation in More

Women make up half of the world’s population. Therefore, their economic activities, as half of the community workforce, are very effective in achieving economic growth and development. Different societies have different views about the extent of women’s participation in economic activities. In the west view, Women enter the labor market without any restriction and engage the economic activities. Their job role is primarily in priority and important than the role of their mother and wife. But in Islam views, while emphasizing woman’s participation in economic activities, their roles as mother and wife are emphasized. Islam accepts woman’s employment under certain conditions. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine these two perspectives and compare them with each other. Then, the consequences and results of these views on the current situation of women in these societies are examined. This article has been prepared by descriptive and analytical methods, using library information. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Investigation The Alignment of moral values and organizational communication (Case of Study: Infrastructure communication co.)
Mohammad

The aim of this study was to evaluate the alignment of moral values and organizational communication that the study was conducted in Telecommunication Infrastructure Company. Since no study has been done on the alignment of moral values and organizational communication More

The aim of this study was to evaluate the alignment of moral values and organizational communication that the study was conducted in Telecommunication Infrastructure Company. Since no study has been done on the alignment of moral values and organizational communication ، This study could reveal alignment moral values with organizational communication. Statistical Society is Managers and employees of Telecommunication Infrastructure Company، which according to the sample of 284 people were selected for sampling. The research method is survey. Data were collected through questionnaires and The research questionnaires، including questionnaires Hunt et al (1989)، Syngapkdy et al. (1996) and residents (1394) is used. The validity of the questionnaire was given to a number of specialists and senior managers and reached to confirm them and The Reliability of SPSS software through Cronbach test of reliability was demonstrated. The findings also showed، In the official relations only component in the ethical values of responsibility creates a direct and significant relationship and In informal relations components of commitment، fairness، responsibility and participation in a direct and significant relationship creates moral values and It was determined by regression analysis ، There is a alignment moral values and organizational communication Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Providing Citizen Participation Patterns in the Feeling of General Ethics Issues
Karamolah Daneshfard mehraban hadi peykani

The present research is aimed at designing and presenting a model of citizen participation in the sense of general issues based on ethics. The purpose of this research was exploratory and in terms of method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the More

The present research is aimed at designing and presenting a model of citizen participation in the sense of general issues based on ethics. The purpose of this research was exploratory and in terms of method, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. In the first stage, the qualitative and content analysis method In the second phase of the study, the Delphi technique was used to determine the dimensions and components of citizen participation. After three phases of Delphi, citizens participated in the sensation of public affairs, the reporting of the components (presence and non-attendance), followed by The components (legal, organizational, economic), followed by cooperation with the components (individual, organizational, social) and later the citizen DVD with component (personal, social, political) was approved by the experts. In order to survey and test the population of the statistical society, citizens who referred to the Islamic Consultative Assembly were referred. Using Morgan table and random sampling method, 388 people were selected as the statistical sample. Analysis and analysis of research data with the help of software The modeling of structural equations was confirmed by PST and PSTS, and the structure of the model was confirmed according to the analysis. Findings indicate that the degree of variance explained by the sensation (0.89). Positive Q values for all variables indicate that these variables contribute to the promotion of citizen participation Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Position of people’s social political participation in respect with religious, with relying on Quran’s verses and Naj al-Balagha

Political participation and the rule of majority (democracy) is one of the new models and the achievements of modern civilization for the administration and management of the community. The complexity of managing society and the demands of the people and deployment of t More

Political participation and the rule of majority (democracy) is one of the new models and the achievements of modern civilization for the administration and management of the community. The complexity of managing society and the demands of the people and deployment of this extended model in advanced societies, remind our tasks in further understanding of this general right from the religious point of view. Interestingly, this pattern in a unique and at the same time sublime and brilliant form, 1,400 years ago in the reign of Imam Ali has been implemented. In this paper, the importance and amount of political participation in their own social destiny according to the Quran and Nahj al-Balagha and interpretation and analysis of some Islamic scholars has been examined Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Nolans life cycle model: An Instrument for IT/IS Planning
Mohammadjavad Ghorbani Abdoreza Shakeri

In this paper we study Nolan’s life cycle models and explain it as an Instrument for IT Planning. In this world that competition is developed libertine, use of IT to access to competition advantage is necessary for all companies and is a more important key for companies More

In this paper we study Nolan’s life cycle models and explain it as an Instrument for IT Planning. In this world that competition is developed libertine, use of IT to access to competition advantage is necessary for all companies and is a more important key for companies' survival guaranty. However use of IT costs a lot, implementing unplanned IT probably burden heavy problems to companies. So the organizations try to decrease these threats and access to IT opportunities, using IT planning to implement IT/IS. Environment produces different opportunities and threats to companies. So organizations should recognize all their characteristics and use of opportunities to decrease threats. Although we have different models and methodologies that explain all of IT/IS implementation stages, but Nolan’s life cycle model is a more important and famous in IT/IS planning stage. In this article we explain Nolan’s life cycle model and finally we explore relationship between managerial styles, participation and system success in each stage of model. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The Sociological Study of the Implications of Cultural the Apartments Life in Iran (Stressing Tehran)

Coincide with the development of modern urban life and to bring one's own culture in community life, culture and traditional life has undergone many change and evolution in come. Development of appartement,s life as an important symbols and indication of new urban life More

Coincide with the development of modern urban life and to bring one's own culture in community life, culture and traditional life has undergone many change and evolution in come. Development of appartement,s life as an important symbols and indication of new urban life, with its cultural implications of intentionally or unintentionally income a lot. This may suggest a positive from the perspective of us or not, but what is definite this kind of life, a lot of impact in the sphere of the culture of the people's lives from the apartment, sometimes accepted by some segments of society is also. This research sought to explain the cultural implications of community life apartment life. In part of theoretical basics, the most important principles of the different schools of scholars studied sociology. In this study, the method of collection, and the questionnaire using the likert range has been formulated, is used. For the analysis of the findings as well as SPSS software was used Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The Relation between Rural Woman 's Trust in MENARID Projects and their Participation in Future Empowerment Projects: Experience of Kermashah Province
shahpar geravandi Susan Noorbakhsh

Previous experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development pro More

Previous experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development programs in areas with negative experience. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis of a significant relationship between rural woman's trust in MENARID projects and their participation in future empowerment projects in Kermanshah Provinc. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional descriptive survey method was used and information was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The study population was women involved in the Menarid Project (N = 270), 160 of whom were studied using simple random sampling. In this study, simple linear regression coefficient using SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, the Menarid project has been able to build moderate to high trust in rural women. The results of Pearson correlation between the two variables of trust and participation indicate that the two variables have a positive and significant correlation and 54% of the changes in the dependent variable of participation in future empowerment projects are explained by trust in previous projects. Finally, suggestions were made to planners and officials. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Heidegger’s Interpretation of Anaximander’s Arche, Participation, and Time
Ghasem Purhassan Mehrdad Ahmadi

Heidegger believed that a metaphysical conceptualization of the relationship between identity and difference is not original and maintained that such negligence is rooted in the fact that metaphysics has forgotten “difference as such” as pure unfoldedness. In his view, More

Heidegger believed that a metaphysical conceptualization of the relationship between identity and difference is not original and maintained that such negligence is rooted in the fact that metaphysics has forgotten “difference as such” as pure unfoldedness. In his view, the Greeks had a clearer image of the above-mentioned relationship. In his interpretation of Anaximander’s view, Heidegger demonstrates that, while viewing all being as a whole, Anaximander does not ignore the differences among them. Based on Heidegger’s interpretation, through introducing apeiron and time as two fundamental elements, Anaximander managed to have an early encounter with the relationship between identity and difference. Heidegger called this relationship “participation” and maintained that this concept can lead one to fundamental difference. This is because, unlike metaphysical theories, it does not depend on external elements, upon which correlation relies; rather, it depends on the being of beings. Apeiron and time open the door to a pure space in the unfoldedness of which beings find their essence and, at the same time, depend so much on each other that the whole is created based on their mutual relation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - strengthening the participation of the nongovernmental sector in financing higher education
atiyeh dadjoye tavakloli MohammadAli Hosseini Mostafa Niknami Mohammad Javad Salehi

The purpose of study is to provide a model for the participation of the nongovernmental sector in higher education financing. By examining theoretical foundations and researches, a number of indicators and factors influencing the ways of financing higher education were More

The purpose of study is to provide a model for the participation of the nongovernmental sector in higher education financing. By examining theoretical foundations and researches, a number of indicators and factors influencing the ways of financing higher education were identified and then during a semi-structured interview with 12 faculty members who had experience in financing ways, A total of 50 indicators were identified and then, by the content validity of the indicators adjusted and finally were approved by the experts for 11 factors influencing and based on the obtained indicators, a questionnaire with 41 items was formulated. The questionnaire distributed and collected in a field study among 392 faculty members of the Humanities University of Tehran province, which were selected by available sampling method. The results showed that in state universities, the government had the largest share and the creation of a higher education bank had the lowest share in funding. While in private universities, students (tuition) have had the largest share of contributions and loans or loans from international institutions having had the smallest share in funding. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Development of Multivariate Regression Relationship Between Factors Affecting Unemployment Rate
roya soltani mahnaz ebrahimi sadrabadi Ali Mohammad Kimiagari

In this research, the multi-variable linear regression relationship has been developed among the important factors influencing unemployment rate. The seasonal data is from 1394 to 1394, which is compiled from reliable economic data bases of country. Independent variable More

In this research, the multi-variable linear regression relationship has been developed among the important factors influencing unemployment rate. The seasonal data is from 1394 to 1394, which is compiled from reliable economic data bases of country. Independent variables are: net foreign assets of the banking system (billion rials), net debt of the public sector to the banking system (billion rials), liquidity in terms of its constituent parts (billion rials), rate of dollar (rials), economic participation rate, average inflation rate, The average annual interest rate on state-owned banks, the percentage of jobseekers (65-15). The results indicate that there is a negative and significant relationship between unemployment rate and average inflation rate and economic participation rate, while the net debt of the public sector has had a positive and significant relationship with the banking system and unemployment rate. The greatest negative effects on unemployment rate are the rate of economic participation and the greatest positive impact on the unemployment rate is the net debt of the public sector to the banking system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Qualitative Analysis of the Socio-Economic Impacts of Construction of ShahidBagheri Square Multi-storey Parking
Aadel Abdollahi

This study was aimed to analyze the social and economic impacts of the construction of multi-storey parking in ShahidBagheri Square, South Yaftabad District, Tehran. The methodology of this study was qualitative and the data were collected through observation and interv More

This study was aimed to analyze the social and economic impacts of the construction of multi-storey parking in ShahidBagheri Square, South Yaftabad District, Tehran. The methodology of this study was qualitative and the data were collected through observation and interview techniques with a focus on the interpretations of the participants. The data collection process continued until it reached a theoretical saturation. In this process, 47 technical experts, officials, key informants and local residents were interviewed both in person and within a discussions group. The Findingsrevealed that not only the effectiveness of this construction project but also the manageability of its impacts depend on consideration of socio-economic status of Yaftabad neighborhood residents. Therefore, suggestions derived from present study are as follow:Renting parking lots based on the common price in the South Yaftabad neighborhood with a fair pricing mechanism;Strengthening intra- and inter-organizational coordination by emphasizing on social participation; Incorporating construction of a neighborhood hall -SarayeMahalle- into this project for addressing the social and cultural needs of the residents;Utilizing the parking building as a local cultural heritage bulletin; Preventing spaces from gettingunprotected and indefensibleby including green spaces or playgrounds in building plan; reinforcing social interactions and local identity byturning some parts of the parking to a local hangout as a hub of local and social communication. Manuscript profile

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22 - Analysis of factors affecting student absenteeism in organizational training programs and providing exit solutions
Mohammad hooman doosti Milad Javanmardi

Introduction: In spite of the attention, sensitivity and concern of the custodians of learning and development to identify and cooperate with the professors and also to spend a lot of expenses on conducting training courses, the rate of participation in class-based trai More

Introduction: In spite of the attention, sensitivity and concern of the custodians of learning and development to identify and cooperate with the professors and also to spend a lot of expenses on conducting training courses, the rate of participation in class-based training programs is low, hence The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes of student absenteeism in courses and outline strategies. Method: The research method in this study is a mixed type of exploration (a design tool for collecting data). Explain that in the data collection sequence, qualitative data and then quantitative data were collected. In the qualitative section, the deep interview method and the focused group were used and in the quantitative section, researcher-made questionnaire was used. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed with the help of five experts and professors in the field of education and its reliability was calculated 0.84 using Cronbach's alpha. The study population consisted of all employees of one of the industrial companies of Isfahan province, based on the Morgan table, 196 were calculated. Results: The results of the present study showed that the impact of all three groups of individual, educational and organizational factors in the absence of learners was more than average. Also, the results of the interview showed that lack of incentive, non-payment of mission and work overtime due to training, lack of calculation of educational privilege, lack of relevance of education records in other human resources systems, high work volume, lack of knowledge transfer mechanisms, limited support of knowledge transfer due to the type of managerial thinking, personal and familial problems are other factors affecting the increase in absenteeism rates and thus reducing the rate of participation in training courses. Conclusion: According to the participants in the research, organizational factors have had the greatest impact on the absenteeism, which is necessary to correct this problem in salary systems. Also, in the educational dimension, it is necessary to improve the design and planning of courses, which it is suggested to use modern teaching methods, classes with less number and relatively strict policies against absenteeism in the classroom. Also, at the individual level, it is suggested that the sense of belonging to the courses in the learners be strengthened through peer mentoring. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Sociological Analysis of the Role and Position of Social Capital in the Lifestyle of Female Employees: Presenting a grounded Theory in the Corona Crisis
alireza sanatkhah mehri arabi

In the face of the coronavirus crisis today, not only the issue of the lifestyle of women who are directly related to coronary heart disease has been considered. But also, the quality of social relations of working women in interaction with social capital (trust, networ More

In the face of the coronavirus crisis today, not only the issue of the lifestyle of women who are directly related to coronary heart disease has been considered. But also, the quality of social relations of working women in interaction with social capital (trust, network Citizens' communication, and participation with the health programs of the Corona Anti-Corruption Headquarters has taken attention. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role and position of social capital in the quality of life of women employees of Kerman University of Medical Sciences during the corona. The present research has applied purpose and descriptive research methods. In terms of the type of study, it is qualitative research based on the data method of the foundation. Statistical population includes all staff of Kerman University of Medical Sciences in 1399. Participants in the study are 28 female employees in this University. Semi-structured interviews have been used as data collection tools. Also, three methods have been utilized to achieve the reliability criterion. These methods include control or validation by members, analytical comparisons, and audit techniques usage. Data have been analyzed in three stages of open, selective, and selective (pivotal) coding according to procedure Based on the background theory. Based on the findings, factors such as the underlying structure of participation, the quality of communication networks, trust, and fear of job security as the most important factors influencing the lifestyle during the corona (strengthening virtual networks, watching virtual movies and series, awareness emergence Political, online shopping, etc.) are considered as background conditions. Social indifference and intra-group social capital are also known as intervening conditions. Quality of health services, promotion of mental health, and environmental health are the most important strategies, and economic disorder, health and treatment, and ultimately poor social support and social alienation are introduced as consequences. The results show that health-oriented social capital possibly strengthened in female employees using cyberspace. In which necessary training to comply with health protocols is created through virtual networks, and encourage virtual social trust and pursue active participation. Manuscript profile

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24 - Investigating the effect of socialization on the development of sports participation of female students of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch
Zahra Sadeghi niloufar azadi

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of socialization on the development of sports participation of female students of the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The methods of this study are causal (1983). Respectively the reliability and validity of the quest More

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of socialization on the development of sports participation of female students of the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. The methods of this study are causal (1983). Respectively the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated using conventional methods. For data analysis, statistical methods of Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Pearson correlation, regression, ANOVA, and structural models were used. All the present data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. The results clearly show that the family plays an influential role in the sports participation development of female students of the Islamic Azad University of Shiraz. It should be noted that the role of families in promoting female students' sports participation is of particular interest. Manuscript profile

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25 - Investigating the factors affecting the mental image of citizens of worn-out tissue and ways to improve it (a case study of worn-out tissue around the Qom Grand Mosque)
ashraf mandani

Dilapidated urban structures, regardless of their different species, are the product of some negligence of urban management, which over time has become an area of the city that lacks the necessary physical stability and strength, does not provide adequate access to th More

Dilapidated urban structures, regardless of their different species, are the product of some negligence of urban management, which over time has become an area of the city that lacks the necessary physical stability and strength, does not provide adequate access to their homes and lacks Severe service suffer. For this reason, due to the low quality of life in some parts of them, the housing of deprived and rural immigrants and some non-Iranians have become and finally have become unsafe places with many social anomalies at the lowest level of environmental quality. What has faced the problem of intervention, improvement and renovation of worn-out structures in our country is the lack of a clear strategy based on the identification of worn-out tissue species and the serious determination of urban management to renovate and improve them. In many areas, contextual improvement and micro-partnership with the people living in it, offers a very desirable and sustainable method that can be done over a short period of time. Qom city is one of the cities that is clearly facing the problem of erosion due to having about 1074 hectares of historical and dilapidated texture and the residential texture around Qom Grand Mosque, due to its special location and being located in the central and historical area of Qom city and its erosion. He faces certain problems. The findings show that a survey of residents' satisfaction shows that 32% completely agree with the demolition and renovation of the building, 23% agree, 20% somewhat agree, and there are those who are interested in this area and intend to continue living in the area. 15% of the residents of the area agree with the repair and reconstruction of the area but oppose the demolition and renovation. 10% are also dissatisfied with any changes in the buildings and structures of the area. The Manuscript profile

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26 - An Introduction to the Empowerment of the Judiciary in Citizen Participation in the Light of the Revival of Public Rights
Hossein Abdi Vali Rostami

"City" is the main context of the current and future developments and challenges of the country, which can be observed and predicted in relation to the government institution with market and society institutions. Continuation of current challenges, weakening the areas More

"City" is the main context of the current and future developments and challenges of the country, which can be observed and predicted in relation to the government institution with market and society institutions. Continuation of current challenges, weakening the areas of citizen participation and preventing future challenges, in addition to other tools, requires citizen participation. the condition living conditions in the city is the participation of citizens in the management of the city and its end is to guarantee the rights of citizens and regulate their role in the city. Research considers the participation component to be an important priority for city management. The judiciary, is compatible with the rights of citizens and the groundwork for their participation in the administration of cities, and is one of the requirements for good urban governance. This article deals with a legal issue, descriptively-analytically and meta-analytically, to analyze and pathology the possibility of fulfilling the mission subject to paragraph (2) of Article 156 of the Constitution (revival of public rights) in order to ensure citizens' rights Their trust in the institution of power and the basis for their participation in the administration of cities based on the index, the way of development and evolution of the judiciary of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the tradition of public law of contemporary Iran, and concludes that the fulfillment of this mission Based on the above index and in the existing governance paradigm, desire to refuse and in order to create the conditions for the possibility of reviving public rights , we need to renew the discourse and "change the paradigm". Manuscript profile

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27 - The Effect of Young Children on Impulsive Decisions of Families in Fun Traveling
Mohesn Akbari Esmaeel Ramezanpour Parmis Moaf

An important dimension of consumer behavior is making impulsive decisions. These decisions are shaped by a quick decision process, resulting from excitement and emotion. Impulsive traveling is one of the immediate behaviors in which a tourist travels to somewhere for wh More

An important dimension of consumer behavior is making impulsive decisions. These decisions are shaped by a quick decision process, resulting from excitement and emotion. Impulsive traveling is one of the immediate behaviors in which a tourist travels to somewhere for which he or she has not carefully planned. There are many reasons behind this kind of behavior in tourism, including going to see somewhere for fun; pressures from friends, peers and family members; undeclared internal motivations; or even encouragement from destinations with different marketing tools. This paper examined the impact of children’s participation, in family decision-making, on the emotions of the decision maker in the family and the impulsive travel plans they made. The conceptual model is based on literature and research background, which showed relationship between variables (youth insistence, decision makers’ emotions and intention to travel impulsively). For sampling and data collection, a questionnaire was distributed among 384 families that had traveled impulsively to different locations of the province of Guilan. This is an applied study, and data collection followed descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. SPSS 19 was used to analyze the descriptive data. For statistical inference, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) and Smart PLS2 software. Results showed that children’s participation in decisions affects impulsive family planning to travel. In addition, the mediating role of emotions was also confirmed showing that children that take part in family decision-making, not only increased the impulsive traveling of family members but also affected their emotions. Manuscript profile

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28 - Key Success Factors of Crowdsourcing in in Developing Tourism Destination Capabilities: A Case Study of Yazd City
Hamed Fallah Tafti Mahdieh Zahmatkesh Saredorahi بهاره گورنگی

Today, information technology has made it possible to solicit the views of different people with diverse perspectives and ideological backgrounds. Being one of the benefits of IT, crowdsourcing could, as an easy-to-use public opinion survey tool, be used as a very usefu More

Today, information technology has made it possible to solicit the views of different people with diverse perspectives and ideological backgrounds. Being one of the benefits of IT, crowdsourcing could, as an easy-to-use public opinion survey tool, be used as a very useful instrument wherever social participation may facilitates the identification and resolution of problems. Having carefully reviewed previous studies of the field, we found that few attempts have so far been made to induce tourists to socially participate in identifying the opportunities for the development of civilian, cultural, and social infrastructures of tourist destinations. As one of the Iranian cultural and historical tourist destinations, Yazd city has recently been enlisted in UNESCO World Heritage sites and has attracted the attention of many tourists worldwide. Having said that, it appears that its tourism capacities and infrastructures need to be developed. This study, therefore, sought to identify the criteria which could be effective in the success of tourist crowdsourcing in offering appropriate solutions for the development of tourism in Yazd. To this end, the primary criteria for the successful implementation of crowdsourcing were extracted from the relevant literature, from which 25 criteria in six general categories were screened and identified via Delphi method. To rank the criteria mentioned, the opinions of Yazd tourism experts were collected through paired comparisons, being analyzed and ranked by fuzzy network analysis. The finding of the study indicated that human resources and cultural indices with the weights of 0.28 and 0.21 respectively were the most important factors in the success of tourist crowdsourcing. Manuscript profile

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29 - Social capital in Islam
علی افسری

Social capital that has been developed by Western scholars is one of the most important concepts in economics, management and social and political sciences. This study examines the the concept of social capital from the Islamic perspective. As a result The study of I More

Social capital that has been developed by Western scholars is one of the most important concepts in economics, management and social and political sciences. This study examines the the concept of social capital from the Islamic perspective. As a result The study of Islamic principles such as unity, brotherhood, justice, taavon, consultation, Mosabereh and Morabeteh, Takafol and Islamic moral virtues show that the implementation of Islamic principles has a large impact on different types and different levels of social capital. In addition, it seems that the implementation of these principles is the most effective way to bring social capital to its highest possible level. Cognitive aspects of Islamic social capital are formed by the unity and brotherhood principles and many moral virtues and the structural aspects are formed by the principles such as taavon, Mosabereh and Morabeteh, consultation, Takafol and social aspects of Islamic rulings. Islamic pattern of social participation can correct the defects of non-Islamic patterns and social participation based on Islamic pattern has a major impact on development of Islamic society. So Propagation of Islamic beliefs and culture and expanding social participation in various affairs are important methods for increasing social capital stock. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Designing a Model of Women's Social Participation with an Interpretive Structural Approach
Marjan Nory reza ali mohseni gholamreza khoshfar

Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this More

Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model of women's social participation with an interpretive structural approach. The present research is applied and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included 10 university experts in Golestan province in the field of sociology. In the first step, interviews with experts were used to identify the components of social participation, and in the second step, interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used to design the model. The results showed that the model of social participation has two levels, which are components (social cohesion, social status, hope for the future, social status, social security, populism, social awareness, self-confidence, lifestyle, social class, use of mass media, Job status, democratic family structure, income level, education and marriage) were in the first level and the component (age) was in the second level and all components were in the link cluster. Finally, it can be said that the basis of women's social participation in Golestan province is the age component Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model of women's social participation with an interpretive structural approach. The present research is applied and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included 10 university experts in Golestan province in the field of sociology. In the first step, interviews with experts were used to identify the components of social participation, and in the second step, interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used to design the model. The results showed that the model of social participation has two levels, which are components (social cohesion, social status, hope for the future, social status, social security, populism, social awareness, self-confidence, lifestyle, social class, use of mass media, Job status, democratic family structure, income level, education and marriage) were in the first level and the component (age) was in the second level and all components were in the link cluster. Finally, it can be said that the basis of women's social participation in Golestan province is the age component.. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - Participation at Source Separation of Waste in Tehran City
bizhan zare RAMIN KARIMI

Nowadays management of discharged materials is considered as one of the factors influencing sustainable urban development plans and recycling waste materials is very important in the areas of environment and urban management, and source separation of waste itself is the More

Nowadays management of discharged materials is considered as one of the factors influencing sustainable urban development plans and recycling waste materials is very important in the areas of environment and urban management, and source separation of waste itself is the main pillar of recycling.The purpose of this study is to identify and examine social factors and practical conditions for participation in source separation of waste. The study also is going to determine the roles of each factor and the ratio of their share portions. The methodology used for this research is cross-sectional surveying. The society of the research is composed of 15-75 years old Tehranian citizens. The statistical sample also includes 384 persons. Multi-stage clustered random sampling is used and data were collected by questionnaire. The general framework of the research model includes three groups of variables including social factors (social capital, socio-economic status, satisfaction of the municipality), practical conditions and economic benefits of source separation of waste. Results showed that trust in the Municipal Organizations, economic benefits of source separation of waste and practical conditions are associated with participation in source separation of waste. Multivariate regression analysis showed that 47% of the variance of participation at source separation of waste is explained by the model. Results showed that practical conditions have an important role in participation in source separation of waste in Tehran city. Manuscript profile

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32 - Presenting a model to solve the challenges facing the participation of people and social institutionsIn the fight against environmental crimes
Hasan Haji tabar Nima Parvaneh Maral Darbandi

10.61186/ahrar.38616.2.4.122

Environmental crises are taking on new dimensions every day. Crises related to ozone depletion, nuclear waste storage, industrial and chemical waste management, etc. can be seen around life. Environmental crimes are any type of current or current cracks that cause sever More

Environmental crises are taking on new dimensions every day. Crises related to ozone depletion, nuclear waste storage, industrial and chemical waste management, etc. can be seen around life. Environmental crimes are any type of current or current cracks that cause severe damage to the environment and endanger human health. Environmental crimes against living components of the environment minus humans include all plant and animal organisms. For this reason, and with the uncontrolled increase of this type of serious environmental damage, it has led to the presentation of a model to combat environmental crimes. The statistical population of this article is about ١٣environmental activists in the country who have been interviewed in the form of an open article and at first the challenges of public participation and comprehensive institutions in the fight against environmental crimes Using factor analysis and pls software to determine the relationship between these factors to confirm, then the relationship of these challenges with environmental crimes in a ranking using the Friedman test and finally A model for influencing environmental crimes is presented with the participation of the public and government institutions. Manuscript profile

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33 - Satellite Consumption and its Impact on Social Health
Ehsan Rahmani khalili

Today, the media, while informing, can change beliefs, feelings, attitudes, social behaviours, and reduce or increase satisfaction and improve life skills by designing programmed messages. This has increased the importance of the role of the media in meeting the basic More

Today, the media, while informing, can change beliefs, feelings, attitudes, social behaviours, and reduce or increase satisfaction and improve life skills by designing programmed messages. This has increased the importance of the role of the media in meeting the basic needs of society, including social health, and has created a new field of study. Now, the most important question of the present article is: What effect has the consumption of satellite channels by Tehran citizens on their social health in the presence of the variables of voluntary participation and social bonding?The descriptive-causal research approach and survey method were conducted in May 2018. After examining the validity and reliability among 810 citizens of Tehran, the questionnaire was classified by multi-stage sampling method and clustering. The measurement of the social health variable was inspired by the Keys model after localization and the variable of consumption of satellite channels through the amount of time spent watching satellite.The findings of the present study based on the Pearson correlation coefficient test show that the variables of social bonding and voluntary participation have a positive and direct relationship with social health and voluntary participation has a positive and significant effect on social bonding. In examining the relationship between causality, social participation, voluntary participation and the rate of consumption of foreign channels affected social health, the rate of consumption of foreign channels as the most external variable has a negative impact on social health and two other variables. Manuscript profile

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34 - The Relation between Rural Woman 's Trust in MENARID Projects and their Participation in Future Empowerment Projects: Experience of Kermashah Province
Susan Noorbakhsh

Previous experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development pro More

Previous experience in development project and trust their building has always played a major role in local people's participation in future rural development projects. Nevertheless, planners and policy makers often neglect such experiences and implement development programs in areas with negative experience. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis of a significant relationship between rural woman's trust in MENARID projects and their participation in future empowerment projects in Kermanshah Provinc. For this purpose, a descriptive cross-sectional descriptive survey method was used and information was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The study population was women involved in the Menarid Project (N = 270), 160 of whom were studied using simple random sampling. In this study, simple linear regression coefficient using SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. According to the findings, the Menarid project has been able to build moderate to high trust in rural women. The results of Pearson correlation between the two variables of trust and participation indicate that the two variables have a positive and significant correlation and 54% of the changes in the dependent variable of participation in future empowerment projects are explained by trust in previous projects. Finally, suggestions were made to planners and officials. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - Designing a Model of Women's Social Participation with an Interpretive Structural Approach
رضاعلی محسنی Gholamreza Khoshfar مرجان نوری

Marjan Nory Rezaali Mohseni Gholamreza Khoshfar Abstract Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of More

Marjan Nory Rezaali Mohseni Gholamreza Khoshfar Abstract Participation is a right that must be provided for all and is one of the important foundations of social relations, and women, as half of the population, can play an important role in the development of societies through social participation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design a model of women's social participation with an interpretive structural approach. The present research is applied and based on the method, descriptive-correlation. The statistical population included 10 university experts in Golestan province in the field of sociology. In the first step, interviews with experts were used to identify the components of social participation, and in the second step, interpretive structural modeling with Excel software was used to design the model. The results showed that the model of social participation has two levels, which are components (social cohesion, social status, hope for the future, social status, social security, populism, social awareness, self-confidence, lifestyle, social class, use of mass media, Job status, democratic family structure, income level, education and marriage) were in the first level and the component (age) was in the second level and all components were in the link cluster. Finally, it can be said that the basis of women's social participation in Golestan province is the age component. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

36 - Achievements and Challenges of Women Empowerment in knowledge-based Companies
Leila Falahati

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the achievements and challenges of women's empowerment in knowledge-based companies. In this research, the opportunities and challenges of graduates women in knowledge-based companies were discussed based More

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the achievements and challenges of women's empowerment in knowledge-based companies. In this research, the opportunities and challenges of graduates women in knowledge-based companies were discussed based on the analysis of twenty interviews with women’s board members or directors in this field. Concerning to obtain relative superiority in order to design questions and categorize the content of documents and interviews, empirical literature related to the research was reviewed. Result revealed that three major factors have motivated them to start their own business including: the desire to balance work and life, the desire to earn more money, and the desire to develop business skills. In the field of agency and factors affecting women's entrepreneurship in the knowledge-based environment, entrepreneurial characteristics and behaviors such as results achievement, risk-taking, and self-confidence have been measured. From organizational and environmental aspects, organizational capacities including trust, access to resources and information, networking skills, ability to generate resources, financial knowledge, technology skills and having role models were influential. In terms of challenges, there are Individual factors (lack of courage, high emotions, low level of specialized and technical knowledge related to work and slowness of women), Socio-cultural factors (discrimination, common gender stereotypes, religious norms and beliefs and lack of knowledge and proper socialization) and Economic factors (discrimination in hiring and payment of wages, negative attitude of customers and financial institutions and prejudices) were addressed as obstacles to the effective participation of women in knowledge-based companies Manuscript profile

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37 - Investigating the Factors Affecting the Public Participation of Users and the Survivability of Spaces in Urban Parks to Improve the Level of Children's Safety (a Case Study of Shafaq Park in Tehran)
Saeed Azemati Kimia Jamshidzadeh

Security remains a fundamental human need within society. The safety and well-being of vulnerable groups, particularly children, who constitute one of the most at-risk segments of society, hold particular significance. An active human presence contributes significant More

Security remains a fundamental human need within society. The safety and well-being of vulnerable groups, particularly children, who constitute one of the most at-risk segments of society, hold particular significance. An active human presence contributes significantly to enhancing security in urban spaces. The ability to comprehend and observe the surrounding environment, as well as being visible to others, fosters a sense of security. The current research employs a blended quantitative and qualitative approach, involving a research community comprising 25 experts. These experts were selected through an open interview framework, utilizing a purposeful sampling method with the snowball technique. The gathered opinions were subsequently analyzed using SPSS26 software. According to the coefficients obtained from the variables, graphs were generated by Gefi software. Ultimately, the indicators extracted from the first and second stages of the survey underwent analysis using Depth Map software. The integration of the plan analysis with the generated graphs from the previous stage was deliberated using AGraph software. Based on the results, users are mostly looking for spaces that are efficient in attracting people when choosing urban parks for the safety of their children. Especially adults, and allow parents to monitor the space. Cultural spaces with a rating of 4.46 in urban parks are the main factor in attracting people for public participation. Manuscript profile

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38 - Ayatollah Naeini and the Establishment of a Revolutionary Democratic System
hamid jafari Seyedmohsen Alavipour

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Ayatollah Naeini and the Establishment   of a Revolutionary Democratic System   Hamid Jafari<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Seyyed Mohsen Alavipour<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Naeini was able to present a proposal for a democratic system entitled "Constitutional Government" through theoretical elaboration on concepts such as the constitution, the national assembly, councils, the necessity of consulting with the people's representatives, giving meaning and political weight to the principles of enjoining good and forbidding evil, emphasizing participatory democracy, the role of councils in overseeing laws, and ultimately introducing a new theory in Shia political jurisprudence. The theory prioritizes a form of "compromise" and, through this, provides the necessary intellectual groundwork for separating political affairs from religious matters. An examination of this theory within the framework of pioneering theoretical perspectives on political developments worldwide demonstrates the extent to which he was familiar with the foundations of a democratic system in the contemporary world. By incorporating religious and cultural teachings, he was able to design such a system based on the modern needs of Iranian society. This research aims to elaborate on the novel articulation of the principles outlined by contemporary political philosopher Hannah Arendt for a republic and a successful revolution, within Naeini's governance theory. Within this framework, it becomes evident that the founding principle emphasizes positive freedom and the participation of citizens who are equal under the law. The two fundamental principles of "liberty" and "equality" are well articulated within Naeini's legitimate government theory. Therefore, this theory can be considered as pioneering in modernizing the political structure of the country based on fundamental democratic principles. The research methodology employed is descriptive-analytical and relies on library research.   Keywords: Naeini, Arendt, positive freedom, participation, and foundation.   <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Ph.D. Student of political Science, Imam Khomeini and Islamic Revolution Research Institute, Iran h.jafari848586@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of Applied Policy Studies, Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Iran m.alavipour@gmail.com </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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39 - Marginalization and Social Capital: A Comparison of Women in Marginal and Non-Marginal Areas of Sari
Javad Feli Ali Gorji karsami

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Marginalization and Social Capital: A Comparison of Women in Marginal and   Non-Marginal Areas of Sari       Javad Feli<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Ali Gorji Karsami<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Introduction   Social capital is considered to be a network of relationships, interactions, and the values and norms governing these relationships, which can create the necessary platform for the realization of society's goals by fostering trust, convergence, and proper interaction. To achieve collective goals, relying on and emphasizing social capital—meaning establishing trust, creating a spirit of cooperation, and fostering correct interaction—is essential and precedes other matters. By establishing contact with each other, members of society can cooperate, and social relations and interactions between people are influenced by various social, economic, and cultural changes.   The gathering of immigrants with different cultures in unsuitable living environments, along with unemployment and poverty, leads to the creation of delinquent neighborhoods and various psychological problems. Criminological studies and social psychology have always found their most important subjects in big, dense cities and among immigrants. In underdeveloped countries, urbanization expands along with the growth of services independent of industrial development, leading to decreased production, hidden and open unemployment, and the rise of urban crimes. Marginalization and its consequences can be seen as social damage and problems. It should not be overlooked that, in addition to the negative aspects of marginalization in the social structure and spatial construction of cities, this environment also has negative consequences for the marginalized themselves. These include the presence of crime and delinquency in these areas, an inappropriate social, economic, and cultural environment for children and teenagers, a sense of insecurity, and the lack of welfare, cultural facilities, and necessary amenities for youth and teenagers to spend their free time. This creates a poor way of life for these people.   The main problem of the research is whether there is a significant difference in the amount of social capital among women in marginal and non-marginal areas of Sari city.       Methodology   This research employed a field-based survey method and was practical in purpose. The statistical population comprised 143,764 women over 15 years old in Sari. Based on Krejci and Morgan's standard sampling table, 384 participants were selected as the sample. To access the sample, a cluster random sampling method was used. Marginalized areas in Sari city, including Koi-e- Shahid Chamran, Ghafari neighborhood, and Azadi neighborhood, were randomly selected, while Farhang Street, Javadiyeh area, and Beasath area were chosen from non-marginalized areas. The data collection tool was a social capital questionnaire. The social capital measured in this research was divided into four dimensions: social participation, social trust, social cohesion, and social relations, each with 32 items across these four dimensions. The four dimensions of social capital were theoretically and operationally defined. The validity of the questionnaires was established through expert opinions, and the reliability, as measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.84 for the social capital questionnaire and for each component: social participation (0.74), social trust (0.91), social cohesion (0.83), and social relations (0.87). Data analysis used the Levene test, which showed a significance level (sig) of 0.114, greater than 0.05, indicating the use of the assumption of equal variances.       Findings   The research findings indicated that the average levels of social capital (99.63), social participation (23.36), social trust (27.24), social cohesion (27.38), and social relations (21.63) were higher among residents of non-marginal areas compared to the average levels in marginalized areas: social capital (74.87), social participation (16.37), social trust (19.27), social cohesion (24.46), and social relations (14.75). Therefore, it can be concluded that the type of residence—whether marginalized or non-marginalized—affects the amount of social capital.   According to the t-statistic results (t = 25.41, sig = 0.000 for the first hypothesis; t = 29.25, sig = 0.000 for the second hypothesis; t = -9.29, sig = 0.000 for the third hypothesis; t = 19.94, sig = 0.000 for the fourth hypothesis), at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) and (df) = 384 - 2, which is greater than the critical t-value (t = 1.64), the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected. The research hypothesis is strongly supported by the data, with 95% confidence, indicating a significant difference between the views of women from marginalized and non-marginalized areas of Sari regarding the four components of social capital. Both groups of women recognize a significant difference in the status and level of these components in their respective areas.   Additionally, the overall t-statistic (t = 24.963, sig = 0.000 for the main hypothesis), at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) and (df) = 382, is greater than the critical t-value (t = 1.64), leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis (H0) and strong confirmation of the research hypothesis. Therefore, we conclude with 95% certainty that there is a significant difference between the views of women in marginalized and non-marginalized areas of Sari regarding the status and amount of social capital.       Conclusion   The findings suggest that the type of residence—marginal or non-marginal—affects the amount of social capital. According to Putnam's theory, suburbanization or marginalization is a factor in reducing social capital. Coleman also identifies migration and relocation of families as influential in decreasing social capital. Ofe and Fuchs consider living in suburbs or marginalized areas as affecting social capital levels. Putnam's theory indicates that marginalization limits people's opportunities to interact, as they must allocate more time to daily tasks and less to socializing. This situation impacts all indicators of social capital.   Social cohesion is higher in non-marginal areas. According to the theory of social disorganization, factors such as reduced efficiency of social institutions like family and kinship restrictions, which act as informal forces to control social norms, are consequences of industrialization, urbanization, and increasing immigration. Marginal residents, many with less than eight years of peripheral experience, have not had the opportunity to form new relationships. Moreover, immigrants from diverse regions and cultures disrupt existing kinship and family ties.   The results also reveal a significant difference in trust levels between marginalized and non-marginalized areas, with non-marginalized residents showing higher trust. Marginal residents often experience mistrust towards government organizations due to indifference from officials and poor conditions in marginalized areas. Social inequalities and unfair income distribution further contribute to this mistrust. Additionally, rising crime rates and lack of cooperation in addressing these issues reduce public trust.   In conclusion, the social capital of marginalized women in Sari differs significantly from that of non-marginalized women. This difference is influenced by social, cultural, and economic contexts, as well as the cross-sectional perspective of urban decision-makers. Erosion of social capital in marginalized regions affects their resilience in risk management and crisis situations. <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">* </a>Corresponding Author: Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. <a href="mailto:Javad_feli@pnu.ac.ir">Javad_feli@pnu.ac.ir</a> </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Ph.D. Student in Social Issues Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran. drali.gorjik@gmail.com </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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40 - Analysis of the content of political development in the documents upstream documents (Constitutional Law and the 20-year vision document of 1404)
Moustafaa kavakebyan Azim Matin

This research delves into the intricate facets of political evolution within the framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran, particularly focusing on the confluence of constitutional governance and strategic foresight. Underlining the imperative of a meticulous scrutiny More

This research delves into the intricate facets of political evolution within the framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran, particularly focusing on the confluence of constitutional governance and strategic foresight. Underlining the imperative of a meticulous scrutiny of both the constitutional framework and the 20-year vision document of 1404, this inquiry probes into the reciprocal influence between the foundational precepts of the constitution, steeped in Islamic jurisprudence, and the transformative objectives delineated in the long-term perspective. Employing a methodical content analysis, the study scrutinizes the stance on political evolution as articulated in both the constitutional provisions and the 20-year horizon document, elucidating the nuanced dynamics that mold Iran's political trajectory. These revelations illuminate the state-driven, hierarchically structured nature of political advancement, underscoring the formidable task of harmonizing developmental initiatives with democratic principles and citizen engagement. This examination not only enriches scholarly discourse surrounding political progression but also furnishes policymakers with invaluable insights to navigate the distinctive socio-political terrain of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Lastly, this study underscores the constitutional emphasis on citizen participation and democratic values as pivotal components for fortifying political and social equilibrium. Manuscript profile

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