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Open Access Article
1 - Performance Analysis of Device to Device Communications Overlaying/Underlaying Cellular Network
Hossein Ghavami Shahriar Shirvani MoghaddamMinimizing the outage probability and maximizing throughput are two important aspects in device to device (D2D) communications, which are greatly related to each other. In this paper, first, the exact formulas of the outage probability for D2D communications underlaying MoreMinimizing the outage probability and maximizing throughput are two important aspects in device to device (D2D) communications, which are greatly related to each other. In this paper, first, the exact formulas of the outage probability for D2D communications underlaying or overlaying cellular network are derived which jointly experience Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh multipath fading. Then, simulation results of the exact formulas and previously respected approximate formulas are compared in MATLAB for both underlay and overlay scenarios. It is shown that the approximate formula in underlay scenario is a good estimate for exact one while approximate formula for overlaying scenario is a good approximation when the average distance between the transmit/receive nodes of D2D pair is less than half of the maximum distance between these nodes or variance of multipath fading is greater than 1.5. In addition, the probability density functions of Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) for underlay and overlay scenarios are found. Moreover, a new scenario is proposed which jointly considers overlay and underlay scenarios. Furthermore, exact and approximate formulas for outage probability and throughput of D2D users in the proposed scenario are derived. Finally, these formulas are compared to underlay and overlay scenarios in three special cases, low, moderate and high traffic loads Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Functions of Communicative Silence in Reading Literary Texts
لیلا صادقیThe purpose of the present article is to examine the different functions of silence as a part of linguistic communication as well as the absence of any kind of linguistic element. Based on the Organon-Model by Karl Buhler, Roman Jacobson (1956) distinguishes six communi MoreThe purpose of the present article is to examine the different functions of silence as a part of linguistic communication as well as the absence of any kind of linguistic element. Based on the Organon-Model by Karl Buhler, Roman Jacobson (1956) distinguishes six communication functions, each associated with a dimension of the communication process. Michael Ephratt (2008) has revised the same model, considering (Eloquent) silence as a linguistic sign which conveys information in the referential, emotive, conative, phatic, metalinguistic functions. To shed light on the issue, we study several literary texts to show how communicational silence, which is a new issue in literary linguistics, and its functions are applied to transferring a message or narrating a story. It can be considered as a narrative technique in order to say something through blank, absent or deferred elements. The question of the article is how six communication functions of silence could apply to expressing something. The result of the study showed that silence has a significant role in activating reader's role in reading a text. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A New Cooperative Approach for Cognitive Radio Networks with Correlated Wireless Channels
Mehdi Ghamari Adian Hassan AghaeeniaAn effective cooperative cognitive radio system is proposed, when the wireless channels are highly correlated. The system model consists of two multi-antenna secondary users (SU TX and SU RX), constituting the desired link and some single-antenna primary and secondary u MoreAn effective cooperative cognitive radio system is proposed, when the wireless channels are highly correlated. The system model consists of two multi-antenna secondary users (SU TX and SU RX), constituting the desired link and some single-antenna primary and secondary users. The objective is the maximization of the data rates of the desired SU link subject to the interference constraints on the primary users. An effective system, exploiting Transmit Beamforming (TB) at SU TX, cooperation of some single-antenna SUs and Cooperative Beamforming (CB) at them and the antenna selection at SU RX to reduce the costs associated with RF-chains at the radio front end at SU RX, is proposed. Due to the issue of MIMO channels with correlated fading, some problems arise such as inapplicability of the well-known Grassmanian Beamforming as TB scheme at SU TX. We then propose a method to overcome this problem. After formulating the problem, a novel iterative scheme is proposed to find the best TB weight vector in SU TX and best subset of antennas at SU RX, considering the correlated channel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Joint Relay Selection and Power Allocation in MIMO Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks
Mehdi Ghamari Adian Hassan AghaeeniaIn this work, the issue of joint relay selection and power allocation in Underlay MIMO Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks (U-MIMO-CCRN) is addressed. The system consists of a number of secondary users (SUs) in the secondary network and a primary user (PU) in the prima MoreIn this work, the issue of joint relay selection and power allocation in Underlay MIMO Cooperative Cognitive Radio Networks (U-MIMO-CCRN) is addressed. The system consists of a number of secondary users (SUs) in the secondary network and a primary user (PU) in the primary network. We consider the communications in the link between two selected SUs, referred to as the desired link which is enhanced using the cooperation of one of the existing SUs. The core aim of this work is to maximize the achievable data rate in the desired link, using the cooperation of one of the SUs which is chosen opportunistically out of existing SUs. Meanwhile, the interference due to the secondary transmission on the PU should not exceed the tolerable amount. The approach to determine the optimal power allocation, i.e. the optimal transmits covariance and amplification matrices of the SUs, and also the optimal cooperating SU is proposed. Since the proposed optimal approach is a highly complex method, a low complexity approach is further proposed and its performance is evaluated using simulations. The simulation results reveal that the performance loss due to the low complexity approach is only about 14%, while the complexity of the algorithm is greatly reduced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - An Approach to Improve the Quality of Service in DTN and Non-DTN based VANET
Ahmad Sarlak Yousef DarmaniNowadays, with attention to soar in the number of network users, it is necessary to find new approaches to revolutionize network operation. Vehicular ad-hoc networks are bound to play a pivotal role in communication, therefore raising the traffic in the network, using o MoreNowadays, with attention to soar in the number of network users, it is necessary to find new approaches to revolutionize network operation. Vehicular ad-hoc networks are bound to play a pivotal role in communication, therefore raising the traffic in the network, using only WiFi is unlikely to address this problem. Vehicles could use SDN and other networks such as 4G as well as 5G to distribute traffic to different networks. Moreover, many approaches for handling different data types are inappropriate due to the lack of attention to the data separation idea. In this paper, we proposed a control scheme called Improve Quality of Service in DTN and Non-DTN (IQDN) which works based on vehicle communication infrastructure using SDN idea. IQDN separates data to Delay-Tolerant Data (DTD), and Delay-Intolerant Data (DID) where the former buffers in a vehicle till the vehicle enters an RSU range and sends DTD using IEEE 802.11p. DID packets are sent by cellular networks and LTE. To transmit DTD via IEEE 802.11p, the network capacity is evaluated by SDN. If that network has room to transmit the data, SDN sends a control message to inform the vehicle. Simulations show that sending data over RSU and LTE increases the throughput and decreases the congestion, so the quality of service improves. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Clasification of custumers of internet services, using data mining algorithms
farid norozi hamed kazemipoorNowadays, the role of customers has shifted from followers of the producers to guiding them.That is why the classification of customers in targeting and customizing services and prioritization of companies products on the basis of profitability makes great help. Interne MoreNowadays, the role of customers has shifted from followers of the producers to guiding them.That is why the classification of customers in targeting and customizing services and prioritization of companies products on the basis of profitability makes great help. Internet service providers in the market, are competing with a lot of competitors because investing in on communications and internet services are profitable.In order to progress in the market, it is necessary to offer new services and innovation.To get broader share of the market, the internet providers has got to have sufficient knowledge of the market and customers, retain existing customers and attract new customers.By classifying and clustering its customers, and while identifying and supporting its active and beneficial customers, such companies can remove their offbeat customers from services providing cycle.Using data mining algorithm, this research detecting and identifying of such customers, make the internet service provider closer to their goals. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Effects of Entrepreneur’s Characteristic on Entrepreneurial Marketing (Case Study: Fars Science and Technology Park)
mohammad javad naeiji یدالهی yadollahiDespite entrepreneurial marketing being cited as one of the most important requirements for success of SMEs and startups, literature reveals few academic studies dealing with antecedents of entrepreneurial marketing. To contribute to the research gap, the purpose of thi MoreDespite entrepreneurial marketing being cited as one of the most important requirements for success of SMEs and startups, literature reveals few academic studies dealing with antecedents of entrepreneurial marketing. To contribute to the research gap, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of entrepreneur’s characteristic on entrepreneurial marketing with considering the mediator role of network structure and communication. The study is descriptive-correlation and in terms of purpose is an applied research. The statistical population of this study is companies in Fars Science and Technology Park. Data are collected from 110 companies and are analyzed by using structural equation model (SEM). The results show that entrepreneur characteristics not positively direct influence entrepreneurial marketing. However, findings support the indirect effect of entrepreneur characteristics through mediating path of network structure and communication. In other words, if entrepreneur characteristics facilitate networks and communication, they will improve entrepreneurial marketing. SMEs and knowledge based companies that interested in improving entrepreneurial marketing practices should enhance individual characteristics that can be help developing network structure and communication. The study contributes to the existing research about the role the entrepreneur can have in the firm’s ability to develop entrepreneurial marketing activities. Also, these results could be used for understanding entrepreneurial marketing dynamics and structure based on the interactive relations between antecedents to improve entrepreneurial marketing. From a practical viewpoint, the study has found that entrepreneurial marketing is based on networking and communicating. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Telecommunications and changes in management and planning methods of future city
رضا خیرالدین امید خزائیانMoving towards information age which is the undeniable reality of third millennium, is more fundamental than conventional imaginations about the rise of computers or virtual spaces number only. In this era, a considerable share of intra and inter-urban communications do MoreMoving towards information age which is the undeniable reality of third millennium, is more fundamental than conventional imaginations about the rise of computers or virtual spaces number only. In this era, a considerable share of intra and inter-urban communications done by Telecommunications, which is not only independent from geographical and physical environment, but also is completely intangible and invisible. Significant advances in telecommunications and undermining of time and distance constraints, in one hand, dominate a new logic –space of flows- on world geography and in the other hand, define the future city as an integrated physical- virtual phenomenon. Now the key question is that in such situation, to what extent the conventional methods in urban management based on only physical reality of cities, can manage and plan the new trends of future physical-virtual city? In this research, with a fundamental approach and analysis-based method, first we clarified the main features of current management and planning by studying the basic principals of industrial society. Then by comparing these with changes in the information era, the conformation of conventional methods has been evaluated. The research shows that these methods mainly don’t have enough correspondence with the principals of the new age. This leads to decrease in the efficiency of such patterns for the future city. These Incompatibilities have been explained as three challenges faced with current management and planning methods: challenge in concepts, challenge in method and challenge in indicators. Finally, we noted to some important point should be considered in the management and planning the future city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Futurology of Integrated Communication of Social Marketing at the Iranian National Tax Administration (Based on Network Analysis Technique)
Akbar manjegani golnar shojaeiThe aim of this paper is to provide research results using descriptive-analytical research method and qualitative-quantitative data obtained from questionnaire. Some factors such as reaching effectiveness of tax system functions, establishing social justice, taxpayers d MoreThe aim of this paper is to provide research results using descriptive-analytical research method and qualitative-quantitative data obtained from questionnaire. Some factors such as reaching effectiveness of tax system functions, establishing social justice, taxpayers dissatisfaction and especially the culture of tax fraud, motived us to investigate effective agents on attaining a favorite future in social relationships with taxpayers from organizational expert's point of view. Regarding limitation of the numbers of experts in Iranian National Tax Administration, available sample was used. Therefore, utilizing organizational documentation and experts, some components were recognized and extracted then they were prioritized by analytical Network Process .Afterwards, based on Dymtel Technique, the intensity of impression and being impressed as well as relationship network of relevant factors were examined by futurology method. Following assessment of these factors by experts, prioritizing of subordinate criterions was done as well. Results show that experts anticipated that individual oriented resources organization and social responsibilities as the most important priority in integration relationships in social marketing in Tax Affairs System, furthermore, motivation tendency, addressees' cooperation and economic needs were the most important priorities in subordinate criterions. The result of this research can be used to explain social marketing strategies and designing of integration relationship of social marketing model in Iranian National Tax Administration. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Design and Analysis of Low Frequency Communication Multipath Channel to Safe Transmitting Speech Signal in Persian Gulf
H. Bakhshi H. ShahbaziOne of the important applications of underwater communication is speech transmission between two divers or between divers and ship or submarine. This paper describes a project designed to investigate and demonstrate underwater communication system in Persian Gulf for sp MoreOne of the important applications of underwater communication is speech transmission between two divers or between divers and ship or submarine. This paper describes a project designed to investigate and demonstrate underwater communication system in Persian Gulf for speech transmission in a real channel. At first, transmitter is designed, then channel with real data is simulated by neural network and at last receiver is designed. Transmitted data is speech signal that for more secure transmission and low frequency bandwidth, a cryptography algorithm and speech coding algorithm is applied in transmitter. Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signaling is employed to make efficient use of the available channel bandwidth. In the receiver, linear equalizer and decision feedback equalizer (DFE) are tested and the best scheme is applied. Also, ray tracing method is used for simulation of sound waves propagation in Persian Gulf underwater communication channel. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Asymptotically Optimal Online Solutions for Energy Harvesting Communication Systems
M. Mohassel Feghhi A. AbbasfarEnergy harvesting (EH) has emerged as a promising technique for green communications and it is a novel technique to prolong the lifetime of the wireless networks with replenishable nodes. In this paper, we investigate the online resource allocation for a large class of MoreEnergy harvesting (EH) has emerged as a promising technique for green communications and it is a novel technique to prolong the lifetime of the wireless networks with replenishable nodes. In this paper, we investigate the online resource allocation for a large class of objective functions in the EH communication systems, which are asymptotically optimal. It is shown that the solution is obtained by only considering the average EH pattern, irrespective of its stochastic dynamics. This optimal solution neither has the complexity of dynamic programming solutions, nor uses the non-causal knowledge about EH pattern. Also, some practical numerical examples for objective functions, which are utilized in communication systems, are considered and general results are derived for them. Moreover, simulation results validate our theoretical findings and show the accuracy of asymptotic theoretical curves for the transmission periods, which are used in practice. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Green Routing Protocol Based on Sleep Scheduling in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network
Z. Movahedi A. KarimiOver recent years, green communication technology has been emerged as an important area of concern for communication research and industrial community. The reason of paying attention of this area is its effect on reducing environmental pollutions. According to recent re MoreOver recent years, green communication technology has been emerged as an important area of concern for communication research and industrial community. The reason of paying attention of this area is its effect on reducing environmental pollutions. According to recent research, a significant share of these pollutions is produced by the local area computer networks. A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is one of the widely used local area networks. The energy efficiency is important in MANETs not only from the green communication point of view, but also due to the network limitations in terms of battery lifetime. Of course, MANETs characterization such as distributed nature and lack of administration, nodes mobility, frequent topology changes and scare resources makes the greening trend a challenging task in such a context. In this paper, we propose and implement a green routing protocol for MANET which solves the idle energy consumption by allowing the necessary nodes and switching off the other un-utilized nodes. Simulation results show this can help to the 20 percentage of saving energy in the environment on average and also aware of the quality of service. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Performance Improvement of Heterogeneous Networks with Backhaul Constraint through Decoupled Uplink and Downlink Access Policy
a. j. Zolfa Zeinalpour-Yazdi Aliakbar tadaion taftOne of the major challenges in the heterogeneous networks, where different base stations with different capabilities serve users, is the access policy for establishing a communication link between the user and its serving node. To overcome this challenge in a heterogene MoreOne of the major challenges in the heterogeneous networks, where different base stations with different capabilities serve users, is the access policy for establishing a communication link between the user and its serving node. To overcome this challenge in a heterogeneous network which also suffers from the backhaul constraint, a special kind of “decoupled uplink and downlink access” policy is proposed in this paper, which let users to be served by different base stations in uplink and downlink communications. More precisely, in order to efficiently utilize the system resources, increase the users’ throughput, and guarantee the users’ fairness, a special load balancing association policy is considered in the uplink transmission and a problem which maximizes the weighted sum of users’ effective rates is solved. Simulation results show that using this association policy for the considered scenario, significantly improves the load balancing index, energy efficiency, and also users’ effective rate compared to the scenario which considers the criterion of the maximum received power of the downlink connection for both uplink and downlink transmissions. In addition we propose an algorithm which further improves the load balancing considering the backhaul constraint of the base stations and evaluate its efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the Factors Involved in Tourism Intercultural Communication among Tourists: A Case Study of Hamadan City, Iran
Golnoush jabbari Nader Jafari haftkhaniIn today’s modern world, tourism has turned into an effective way to access the environment and culture through intercultural communication. However, despite its significance in long-term economic development, intercultural communication is neglected in the planning sta MoreIn today’s modern world, tourism has turned into an effective way to access the environment and culture through intercultural communication. However, despite its significance in long-term economic development, intercultural communication is neglected in the planning stages of tourism development projects. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the factors that influence intercultural communication in tourism using a grounded theory approach. To this end, the required data were collected through detailed semi-structured interviews with fifteen experts and professionals in the tourism industry of Hamedan City who were selected via snowball sampling. The collected data were then analyzed, and the results were organized under six main categories with twenty-six sub-categories. Finally, the theoretical model of the study was developed using the Atlas-Ti software. Accordingly, the main six categories of the model included personal characteristics, socio-cultural characteristics, education, producing materials and creating knowledge on intercultural issues in tourism, management and planning, the health and safety of the environment, and media and information technology in intercultural tourism communication. The results of this study propose an integrated approach for tourism managers and entrepreneurs so that they can develop a high level of intercultural communication and competence for tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Smartization of Iran's Tourism Industry: An emphasis on Social and Cultural Empowerment
Farnoush Zangouei Zahra Kharazi Mohammadvandi Azar Jamshid Salehi SadaghiyaniThe main purpose of this article was to investigate the role of social and cultural empowerment in institutionalizing smart programs of Iran's tourism industry and identify the components of smart tourism in Iran's urban destinations. As a mixed-method research, this st MoreThe main purpose of this article was to investigate the role of social and cultural empowerment in institutionalizing smart programs of Iran's tourism industry and identify the components of smart tourism in Iran's urban destinations. As a mixed-method research, this study used contractual qualitative content analysis within its qualitative phase and a survey in its quantitative phase. As for the qualitative phase, 13 Iranian tourism managers were selected and interviewed through targeted and snowball sampling. Moreover, to conduct the quantitative phase, 390 travel agency experts were selected via convenience sampling, using Cochran's formula. The results of analyzing the data via structural equation modeling with the partial least squares approach showed that all observable and hidden variables were significant at the level of 0/05, all of which were confirmed. Furthermore, socio-cultural empowerment, smart governance, development of new smart technologies applications, and comprehensive smart tourism services were identified as components of the smart tourism industry in Iran. In addition, based on the Stone-Geisser index, the redundancy index of the social and cultural empowerment component was calculated to be 0/523 and based on its value in the final model (0/528), the strong predictive power of the model was confirmed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Application of Machine Learning in the Telecommunications Industry: Partial Churn Prediction by using a Hybrid Feature Selection Approach
Fatemeh Mozaffari Iman Raeesi Vanani Payam Mahmoudian Babak SohrabiThe telecommunications industry is one of the most competitive industries in the world. Because of the high cost of customer acquisition and the adverse effects of customer churn on the company's performance, customer retention becomes an inseparable part of strategic d MoreThe telecommunications industry is one of the most competitive industries in the world. Because of the high cost of customer acquisition and the adverse effects of customer churn on the company's performance, customer retention becomes an inseparable part of strategic decision-making and one of the main objectives of customer relationship management. Although customer churn prediction models are widely studied in various domains, several challenges remain in designing and implementing an effective model. This paper addresses the customer churn prediction problem with a practical approach. The experimental analysis was conducted on the customers' data gathered from available sources at a telecom company in Iran. First, partial churn was defined in a new way that exploits the status of customers based on criteria that can be measured easily in the telecommunications industry. This definition is also based on data mining techniques that can find the degree of similarity between assorted customers with active ones or churners. Moreover, a hybrid feature selection approach was proposed in which various feature selection methods, along with the crowd's wisdom, were applied. It was found that the wisdom of the crowd can be used as a useful feature selection method. Finally, a predictive model was developed using advanced machine learning algorithms such as bagging, boosting, stacking, and deep learning. The partial customer churn was predicted with more than 88% accuracy by the Gradient Boosting Machine algorithm by using 5-fold cross-validation. Comparative results indicate that the proposed model performs efficiently compared to the ones applied in the previous studies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Extracting Innovation Strategies and Requirements for Telecommunication Companies: Case Study of Telecommunications Infrastructure Company
Alireza Esmaeeli Alireza Asgharian Takavash Bahreini Nasrin Dastranj Mahshid Ghaffarzadegan Kolsoum Abbasi-Shahkooh Mandana Farzaneh Homeyra MoghadamiThe purpose of this study is to identify effective innovation strategies for a governmental organization and mission-oriented in the field of communication and information technology. The characteristics of the company under study are: governmental organization, having MoreThe purpose of this study is to identify effective innovation strategies for a governmental organization and mission-oriented in the field of communication and information technology. The characteristics of the company under study are: governmental organization, having a monopoly market, scattered actions in the field of innovation, having managers interested in organizational innovation and has a clear and up-to-date strategy and structure. In this paper, innovation strategies were collected using comparative studies of similar international companies. Then by using the method of thematic analysis on the data obtained from semi-structured interviews, the strengths and weaknesses related to the innovation were identified. By matching these two categories of information, a number of appropriate strategies have been proposed and their implementation considerations have been expressed based on the specific characteristics of this company. Accordingly, suggestions for future research of this company have been presented to identify appropriate methods of implementation of organizational innovation in similar circumstances. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - The effect of emotional intelligence of project managers on the effectiveness of team communication in Iranian research institutes (Case study: Research Institute of Communication and Information Technology)
Mansoureh Mohammadnezhad Fadard Ehram SafariGenerally, in performing technical projects, especially in the field of information and communication technology, the most important criterion for handing over the project is having technical capabilities, and less attention is paid to the communication skills of projec MoreGenerally, in performing technical projects, especially in the field of information and communication technology, the most important criterion for handing over the project is having technical capabilities, and less attention is paid to the communication skills of project managers, such as having emotional intelligence. Lack of attention to this issue seems to reduce the effectiveness of team communication and thus lead to project failure. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of emotional intelligence of project managers on the effectiveness of team communication in the projects of the Institute of Communication and Information Technology. The method of the present research is descriptive-analytical of correlation type, the statistical population of which consists of project managers and members of the project teams of the Research Institute of Communication and Information Technology. The statistical population includes 19 project teams that have been selected by census method. Data collection tools are Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Senior Questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of project team communication. Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression and imaginary variable regression and dependent t-test were used to analyze the data. The results show that the emotional intelligence of project managers affects effective communication in the project team. However, only interpersonal skills, interpersonal skills, and adaptability can predict effective communication within the project team, and the dimensions of general mood and stress management do not affect these relationships Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigating the concept of a smart city: Integrating Information Technology to Improve Quality of Life and Urban Services
Mona Vaziri Negin Bani Khalifi Seyed Majid Mofidi ShemiraniModernity, coupled with accelerated urbanization and the high speed of information and communication technologies, calls for cities that demonstrate the ability to develop new concepts in the fields of urbanization, adaptation, and coordination. For this purpose, cities MoreModernity, coupled with accelerated urbanization and the high speed of information and communication technologies, calls for cities that demonstrate the ability to develop new concepts in the fields of urbanization, adaptation, and coordination. For this purpose, cities, inspired by new technologies, provide urban services to improve the quality of public services in the community. This new attitude towards cities can improve the living conditions of their inhabitants. Therefore, a new and conceptual look is needed in a smart city to give it a new framework. The main objectives of smart cities are to optimize urban activities, boost economic growth, and improve the quality of life of citizens. The research focuses on the concept of a smart city, its objectives, and its indicators. The present research methodology is a descriptive-analysis of the type of application that collects the required data using library information and authoritative articles. The results show that smart cities have reached indicators such as management, energy, building, transport, urban services and therapy, technology, and smart citizens. Key areas of smart cities include economics, people and governments, the environment, and smart living, which can lead to greater energy efficiency, increased yield, careful analysis of consumption, and data collection. As a result, these experimental measures will promote the development of cities, creating new insights that will improve the living conditions of their inhabitants. The new definition will inform future generations and their work in cities, communities, and achieving cities with intelligent concepts. Manuscript profile
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