ابهام

Open Access Article

1 - Relationship between achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualization and entrepreneurial orientation University’s students
حسن محمودیان afsane lotfiazimi moslem abbasi ehsan jamali roya mahmoudi

Abstract Objective of this study is surveying relationship between achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualization. with entrepreneurial orientation of Ardabil Azad University’s students. Sample of this study was c More

Abstract Objective of this study is surveying relationship between achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualization. with entrepreneurial orientation of Ardabil Azad University’s students. Sample of this study was comprised of 400 students (of Bachelor’s level) in the Kazeron Azad University at 2012-2013, selected by cluster sampling. Following tools were used for data collection entrepreneurial orientation test, achievement motive questionnaire, , innovation scale, ambiguity tolerance scale, self-efficacy questionnaire, self-esteem questionnaire & self-actualization questionnaire. Results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed that entrepreneurial orientation has significant positive relationship with these variables achievement-motive, innovation, ambiguity tolerance, self-efficacy, self-esteem, and self-actualizatio(P<0/01). Results multivariate regression analysis showed that achievement motive, innovation & self-esteem have significant share in the prediction of entrepreneurship of students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Means and Forms of Ambiguity in Bijan Najdi's Stories
Alireza Siddiqui

Bijan Najdi is a writer who tends to make his stories ambiguous. His stories, specially "Passing Again through the Same Street", are full of ambiguity. One way to create the ambiguity here is the lack of a natural link between the signifier and the signified. The presen More

Bijan Najdi is a writer who tends to make his stories ambiguous. His stories, specially "Passing Again through the Same Street", are full of ambiguity. One way to create the ambiguity here is the lack of a natural link between the signifier and the signified. The present article surveys the means and forms of ambiguity in Bijan Najdi's works. For the purpose of clarity, it focuses on the interaction between the narrator and the readers (sender and receiver), an interaction beginning with the title of a story, ending with its closing lines. Among the other ways we can refer to the following: Asymmetrical shift in the point of view; external focalization; the shift of addressees; unclear relation between the narrative elements; the opening and closing lines of the narrative; using the elements of magical realism, symbolism, and stream of consciousness, and therefore mixing of times; using the elements of poetic expression in fictional prose. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Ambiguity in ambiguity tolerance of entrepreneurs
Jalil Samad Aghaei

In this paper, one of the obvious psychological attributes of entrepreneurs that are ambiguity endurance is described by divergent and entrepreneurial thinking. So this characteristic is investigated and analyzed from different and new points, by designing some question More

In this paper, one of the obvious psychological attributes of entrepreneurs that are ambiguity endurance is described by divergent and entrepreneurial thinking. So this characteristic is investigated and analyzed from different and new points, by designing some questions about tolerance, ambiguity and they way of cope with them. These questions would not be answered in this paper but will help the reader to know entrepreneurs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Moderating effect of uncertainty at the workplace at relationship between role ambiguity and physical and psychological violence in workplace
نرگس السادات مرتضوی hamidreza oreyzi

The purpose of this study was to investigate moderating effect of uncertainty at the workplace at relationship between role ambiguity and physical and psychological violence in the workplace. The researchers and authors believed that role ambiguity results from a lack o More

The purpose of this study was to investigate moderating effect of uncertainty at the workplace at relationship between role ambiguity and physical and psychological violence in the workplace. The researchers and authors believed that role ambiguity results from a lack of information and therefore missing clarity in a specific job position that leads to be employee's uncertain at the workplace. Uncertainty at the workplace is the most important determinant of job stress that can lead to role ambiguity, decreased employee's job satisfaction, physical and psychological violence and thus reduce the efficiency. The current study is of the correlational studies and Participants in this study were 279 employees of Iran's Polyacryl Company that Sample Available were selected. The instruments used included the Uncertainty at the workplace scale, Role ambiguity scale and physical and psychological violence Questionnaire(Menard & Met al ,2011). Data was analyzed using the hierarchical regression and moderate analysis. The findings indicated that, their physical and psychological violence increases, when uncertainty at the workplace is high. Also moderating effect of uncertainty at the workplace at relationship between Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Moderating Effect of Uncertainty at the Workplace at Relationship between Role Ambiguity and Physical and Psychological Violence
Nargessadat Mortazavi hamidreza oreyzi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of uncertainty at the workplace in relationship between role ambiguity and physical and psychological violence in the workplace. The method of this study is cross-sectional and participants in this study More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the moderating effect of uncertainty at the workplace in relationship between role ambiguity and physical and psychological violence in the workplace. The method of this study is cross-sectional and participants in this study were 279 employees of Iran’s Polyacryl Company selected using convenient sampling. The instruments used including the Uncertainty at the Workplace Scale, Role Ambiguity Scale, and Physical and Psychological Violence Questionnaire (Menard & Met al ,2011). Data was analyzed using the hierarchical regression and moderate analysis. The findings indicated that participants, physical and psychological violence increased, when uncertainty at the workplace was high. Also moderating effect of uncertainty at the workplace in relationship between role ambiguity and physical and psychological violence in the workplace was confirmed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - چارچوبی برای ترکیب ارزیابی تأثیر اجتماعی و ارزیابی ریسک
farhad mohammadi a r f v f h e k

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Open Access Article

7 - Space Time Code Design in Phased-MIMO Radars to Achieve High Resolution in Board and Velocity
Roholah Vahdani Hossein Khaleghi Mohsen Fallah Joshaghani

In this paper, space-time codes for MIMO radar are used to achieve high resolution at target range and speed. The two-dimensional ambiguity function is known as a tool to compare radar performance in terms of resolution. A space-time code can be designed based on minimi More

In this paper, space-time codes for MIMO radar are used to achieve high resolution at target range and speed. The two-dimensional ambiguity function is known as a tool to compare radar performance in terms of resolution. A space-time code can be designed based on minimizing the distance between the actual target parameters in range, speed and angle. For this purpose, high resolution can be achieved by analyzing the ambiguity function and narrowing it down as much as possible. In this paper, the ambiguity function with two variables of amplitude and speed mismatch is considered and a new criterion to achieve high resolution performance in this field is proposed. In this case, by optimizing the proposed cost functions, the optimal space-time code is extracted. The proposed design can also be extended to phased-MIMO radar. The simulation results also show that our proposed scheme has a very narrow ambiguity function around the origin, while it has a performance very close to the optimal state in terms of target identification probability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Identifying the individual factors affecting the competency of leaders to tolerate ambiguity with using the approach of Theme analysis; A step towards developing leaders
Vajiheh Saadat Behrooz Ghlichlee Ali Rezaee Gholamali Tabarsa

Ambiguity Tolerance is mentioned as one of the strategic leaders’ competencies that plays a significant role in the effectiveness of their decisions in ambiguous situations.The aim of this study was to identify the individual factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tol More

Ambiguity Tolerance is mentioned as one of the strategic leaders’ competencies that plays a significant role in the effectiveness of their decisions in ambiguous situations.The aim of this study was to identify the individual factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tolerance, design a comprehensive model of these factors and provide solutions to develop this competency on identified factors. In order to obtain more evidence to understand the phenomenon, a qualitative approach was taken and data were collected through interviews with nineteen experts. The statistical population of study includes academic experts and executive experts of the Ministry of Petroleum who have experience in management and decision¬¬ making in ambiguous situations. Sampling of research has been done purposefully. Attride stirling method was used for coding and Themes network analysis method for data analysis. After analyzing the data, the individual factors affecting the leaders' ambiguity tolerance were categorized into six comprehensive themes : demographic characteristics, personality traits, competencies, motivations and needs, perceptions and emotions. Findings showed that demographic characteristics including general and occupational characteristics, personality traits including extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness to experience, emotional stability, being intuitive, locus of control, risk-taking and patience, competencies including knowledge, skills, abilities and experience, motivations and needs including respect and self-fulfillment, perceptions including perceptions of ambiguity, job, organization and life and emotions including emotions in the face of ambiguity and general emotions as individual factors interacting with each other are effective at the level of leaders' ambiguity tolerance and can use them to develop this leadership competency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Mullā Ṣadrā’s Defense of two Dialetheic Challenges in the Trans-Substantial Motion
Gholamali Hashemifar Mahdi Azimi

Although the problem of motion has created various challenges in the history of philosophy by itself, the trans-substantial motion as the turning point of the Transcendent philosophy is prone to some additional challenges that can be followed in the manifest of dialethe More

Although the problem of motion has created various challenges in the history of philosophy by itself, the trans-substantial motion as the turning point of the Transcendent philosophy is prone to some additional challenges that can be followed in the manifest of dialetheism. One of these challenges is the loss of the identity of subject in the context of motion and, following this, the realization of borderline-states and the appearance of a paradox known as the problem of ambiguity in philosophical literature. Such debates themselves lead to paradoxes that contemporary dialetheists consider as evidence for the existence of contradiction in the outside world. The manifestation of such challenges and their relationship with the trans-substantial motion is the focal problem of the present paper. Since any change in archetypal forms in the cradle of trans-substantial motion is of the gradual and continuous type rather than the sudden type, the absence of a borderline at various stages of motion paves the way for the truth of two different quiddities at the same time for one subject, which necessitates contradiction by itself. Following a critical descriptive analytic method, this study reveals that Mullā Ṣadrā has responded to both challenges. He has answered the identity challenge based on the idea of “matter with form” and referred the challenge of ambiguity to our perception’s negligence in matching quiddity to all modes of being. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - e Content of Basics of Visual Arts; An Analysis Based on the Components of Entrepreneurship
Azam Jamshidi Tavana Zeinab Fazaeli Far Gholamali Ahmadi

system of education, especially Vocational branch, one of the important trends to develop and grow individuals entrepreneurial skills in people. The purpose of this study is the contents of the book of the visual arts of technical and Professional branch in 2020-2021. T More

system of education, especially Vocational branch, one of the important trends to develop and grow individuals entrepreneurial skills in people. The purpose of this study is the contents of the book of the visual arts of technical and Professional branch in 2020-2021. The instrument was a content analysis form consisting 7 main components, i.e. success-seeking, risk-taking, accountability, creativity and innovation, tolerance for ambiguity hardworking, and internal control. To confirm the validity and formal and content reliability of the study, the views of experts in educational planning and specialists of entrepreneurship were used. Reliability is calculated 0/81 by using Holsty reliability formula .Content analysis have been analyzed using Shannon entropy method. The results showed that among the seven components studied. The tolerance for ambiguity with the information load is 88.5 and the importance factor of 0.17 is the most attention And the success seeking factor with the amount of information load is 60.42 and the importance coefficient of 0.11 has the least attention. Considering the distribution of entrepreneurship components in the content of the book, in addition to tolerance for ambiguity, it creates a good context for success seeking , riskiness, accountability, hardworking, innovation and creativity, and internal control Manuscript profile

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