protection

Open Access Article

1 - A comparison of Calculated Fixed Radius and Numerical Model Methods to delineate drinking water wellheads protection area in Yaft Abad district, Tehran
بهزاد دلخواهي

Delineation of wellhead protection area is an important component of groundwater protection strategies to prevent probable environmental and health hazards. In this study, besides describing the calculated fixed radius (CFR) and the numerical model methods to determine More

Delineation of wellhead protection area is an important component of groundwater protection strategies to prevent probable environmental and health hazards. In this study, besides describing the calculated fixed radius (CFR) and the numerical model methods to determine the wellhead protection area, in order to compare of the methods, were used from data of eight number of drinking water wells in Yaft Abad district of Tehran. For this purpose, overlapping rate of CFR and numerical model protection areas in GIS environment were analyzed. The overlapping results show increasing distance from the wells, the effectiveness and accuracy of CFR method decreases rapidly. In the 50 days time of travel overlay, 88 percent of the numerical model areas are captured by the CFR areas. While in the 10 years overlay, only 41 percent of the numerical model areas are captured by the CFR areas. When time, money and data are limited, the Calculated Fixed Radius method is an acceptable method only to delineate the 50 days time of travel protection areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Prevention strategies of social sins in the Qur'an

The subject of this thesis is how to prevent the social sins of the Quran. Since the main purpose of the community to reach perfection in this direction away from sin we have social needs; therefore, to discuss strategies to prevent social sins, sins in the Qur'an that More

The subject of this thesis is how to prevent the social sins of the Quran. Since the main purpose of the community to reach perfection in this direction away from sin we have social needs; therefore, to discuss strategies to prevent social sins, sins in the Qur'an that human life is a book of guidance and guidelines, reach us at for this purpose, will lead. spreading from the perspective of verses and Islamic traditions and prevention strategies of these sins in the Qur'an in several follow-up season. At first insight to prevent such faith in God, belief in divine supervision and strengthen the faith in resurrection. The preventive approach, such as the role of piety, love of God and worship in preventing social sins study. And at the end to prevent such an act of preventive punishments ranging from worldly and otherworldly. Sectional research methods in this thesis is transmitted. and provides numerous interaction Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The status of civil rights based on dignity in the doctrine of responsibility to protect in the light of international law
Doagu Hossein Seyyed Mohammad Hashemi

Human rights and citizenship rights are derived from the inherent and natural rights of mankind, and they have received special attention throughout history. Although after more than half a century of United Nations life, in the era that we call the age of technology an More

Human rights and citizenship rights are derived from the inherent and natural rights of mankind, and they have received special attention throughout history. Although after more than half a century of United Nations life, in the era that we call the age of technology and communication, there are still many people from civil wars and ethnic strife, poverty and hunger, drought, lack of health, or even the most basic of living conditions. They lose their lives. The Doctrine of Responsibility for the Protection of Human Trafficking is a result of the widespread and systematic violations of fundamental human rights in the 1990s, as well as measures that provide a threat to peace reflected in the resolutions of the Security Council, in light of the Security Council's inherent duty of international peace and security, In fact, at the current stage, the response of the international community to the humanitarian disaster is reactive and passive. Still, there is a vacuum in the existence of a specific mechanism that can map the policy of a reasonable and yet reasonably effective and effective response to human crises. The "responsibility for protection" is, in fact, to provide a new, yet precisely-designed, strategy for the appropriate substitute for the "humanitarian intervention" challenge; the "responsibility for protection", however, is a completely different concept of humanitarian intervention. The set of actions to be taken under this doctrine includes three dimensions of responsibility for prevention, responsibility for responses and reconstruction responsibilities. This strictly humanitarian strategy is considered to protect and protect human rights and citizenship more and more. This strategy is a useful and effective solution for governments in crisis or crisis situations based on citizenship rights. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Protection of New Technological Methods of Business in the Patent System
hossein sadeghi Mahdi Naser

10.52547/jstpi.20970.18.69.10

Until the last two decades, the prevailing view has always been that business methods are excluded from the scope of patent. Therefore, according to the laws of many countries, including Iran, business methods are mentioned as one of the exceptions to the scope of paten More

Until the last two decades, the prevailing view has always been that business methods are excluded from the scope of patent. Therefore, according to the laws of many countries, including Iran, business methods are mentioned as one of the exceptions to the scope of patent. However, along with technological developments and the development of new business methods based on computer technologies, electronic communication tools, e-commerce models and apps, legal and judicial developments have limited the scope of this exception and accepted the possibility of registering business methods that would lead to the creation of a new and practical technical effect. In this article, using Descriptive-analytical research method, based on the data obtained from the library study, while examining the existing capacities and challenges in the legal system of Iran, the situation in some other legal systems such as the United States and the procedure of the European Patent Office has been examined. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Protecting Children against Inappropriate and Harmful Computer Games
Mohammas Javad Arabian Seyedeh Parisa Mirabi Ali Zand

The use of computer games among children is rapidly expanding and it has become an integral part of children's daily lives. These games, with their innovative potential, can provide motivation for therapy, enhance practical skills and facilitate teaching and learning co More

The use of computer games among children is rapidly expanding and it has become an integral part of children's daily lives. These games, with their innovative potential, can provide motivation for therapy, enhance practical skills and facilitate teaching and learning concepts. In addition to the positive aspects, playing these games has negative effects and on the other hand, kids drowning in computer games will lead to earn profits and benefits by the companies that make these games. This study, with descriptive-analytical method using domestic laws and regulations and internationals treaties and other library resources; was carried out to examine the protection of the children's rights from harmful computer games by applying sociological theories; domestic law and international documents and has used descriptive, analytical method aimed to ensure the right to play, enjoy and entertain. The present study was conducted aimed to examine the benefits and disadvantages of computer games to express legal requirements and protections and protect users from harmful effects of these games. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Manifestations of differential penal policy towards child victims with a look at the Child and Adolescent Protection Law adopted in 2020
bahram jafary

Child victimization poses a dire threat to the most sensitive and important assets of society. Accordingly, in international documents and domestic laws, differential policies have been adopted to prevent victimization while limiting and eliminating its effects and prec More

Child victimization poses a dire threat to the most sensitive and important assets of society. Accordingly, in international documents and domestic laws, differential policies have been adopted to prevent victimization while limiting and eliminating its effects and preclude secondary child victimization. Using the library and descriptive method, the present study, with emphasis on the Child and Adolescent Protection Law, attempts to discuss the aspects of the differential policy approach aimed to protect child victims in the iranian legal system. The results indicate that there were scattered, yet inadequate, regulations protecting children in various substantive and formal aspects in the past; However, while developing the scope of differential protecting regulations, the enactment of the Child and Adolescent Protection Law in 2020 has provided considerable preventive and monitoring- oriented views, especially through making legal intervention in favor of children and adolescents that are at risk or victimization. It can be said that this law clearly factors in differential policies including determining several crimes and specific punishments aimed at protecting children and adolescents and considering special institutional, disciplinary and judicial organizations with the aim of managing, preventing and dealing with child victimization and limiting its effects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - legislative Criminal Policy in the Iranian Legal System on Child Rights Violations in the Field of Computer Games
Mohammad khorshidi athar

Background and Aim: Criminal protection of children against computer games following the fundamental transformation in the light of technological advances and the spread of computer games along with increasing the power of its impact on human thought and behavior is ine More

Background and Aim: Criminal protection of children against computer games following the fundamental transformation in the light of technological advances and the spread of computer games along with increasing the power of its impact on human thought and behavior is inevitable. On the one hand, entertaining children due to their strong interest in computer games, and on the other hand, the wide range of such games with large investments to develop computer games in the age group of children In addition to the unhealthy and harmful effects on this vulnerable group has raised many concerns for thinkers. In this study, the criminal policies of the Iranian legal system regarding the violation of children's rights in the context of computer games compared with international documents and from a critical point of view has been evaluated and by perusing the strengths and weaknesses of related laws, the need for comprehensive rules to protect the rights of the child against harming of computer games has been emphasized by formulating an effective differential criminal policy. Method: The method of discussion in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data gathering is library. Results: In Iran's legal system, a review of the laws related to the current criminal policy regarding the violation of children's rights in the field of creating, publishing and distributing computer games reveals gaps and defects. Conclusion: By examining the situation of children and their rights against computer games and studying the negative and inappropriate effects of this universal and effective technology on children it is possible to achieve a comprehensive support program containing differential criminal policies against child victimization through the use of computer games. A differential approach to substantive criminal law in the field of child safety in relation to computer games is the role that the legislature can play in protecting children and to prevent the abuse of the rights of this vulnerable group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Legal frameworks for mass financing of start-ups and providing a technological model to address its challenges: requirements and policies
Mahdi Naser hamide zaree

Collectively financing start-ups and startups is one way to develop a country's economic system. This mechanism takes place in four forms based on donation, reward, loan and stock, the most common of which is stock-based financing. The main question of the present stud More

Collectively financing start-ups and startups is one way to develop a country's economic system. This mechanism takes place in four forms based on donation, reward, loan and stock, the most common of which is stock-based financing. The main question of the present study is what are the challenges of implementing the collective financing process in a financial system and what can be the role of technology in providing useful solutions to solve these challenges? The present study describes the qualitative research method and the method of collecting documentary information. This mechanism faces three main challenges of transparency, maintaining the security of information exchange and storage, and protecting the privacy of individuals. The solution is to implement decentralized platforms in one country. However, this process requires some legislative and executive policies, including the granting of digital signatures, the validation of virtual currencies and the mechanism for extracting and exchanging these currencies, the adoption of comprehensive laws on the provision of general legal dimensions related to collecting, processing and storing private information and awareness. It's part of the people. In order to explain the mentioned topics, the present study in three speeches first explains the nature of the types of collective financing and its implementation mechanism and then expresses monitoring and support measures, challenges and technological solutions to solve the challenges of implementing this mechanism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Phase Comparison Protection Enhancement for Low-Current Faults Using Load Current Component Estimation
M. Sanaye-Pasand M. jaefari noknadi

Phase angle between the currents measured at the two ends of a protected transmission line could be highly affected by load current component for high resistance internal faults. As a result, the phase comparison protection (PCP) scheme might fail to recognize these kin More

Phase angle between the currents measured at the two ends of a protected transmission line could be highly affected by load current component for high resistance internal faults. As a result, the phase comparison protection (PCP) scheme might fail to recognize these kinds of faults. In this paper a new approach is proposed to enhance the accuracy of PCP scheme to detect such kind of faults. The fault component of current signal is reconstructed using the estimation of load component of the current signal under fault condition. Therefore, the proposed method eliminates the phase angle difference due to the load component. The pre-fault current of the line is used as the estimation of the load current component during the fault condition. It is shown that this approximation enhances the performance of PCP scheme for high resistance faults. It also increases the accuracy of classifying fault type due to increase of the sensitivity of fault detection units. The proposed method is simulated for a test system and is examined for various fault conditions. Obtained results show major improvement in the performance of PCP scheme. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Determination of a New Model for Investigating Ultra-Saturation Phenomenon during the Enegization of the Loaded Three-Phase Power Transformer and Its Effect on Differential Protection
B. Noshad M. Razaz S. Gh. Seifossadat

One of the mal-operation of the power transformer differential protection that may occur during the energization of a loaded power transformer is the ultra-saturation phenomenon. In this paper, a new model to study the ultra-saturation phenomenon during the energizaton More

One of the mal-operation of the power transformer differential protection that may occur during the energization of a loaded power transformer is the ultra-saturation phenomenon. In this paper, a new model to study the ultra-saturation phenomenon during the energizaton of a loaded three-phase power transformer is presented and its effect on the differential protection of the power transformer is considered. For modeling of the ultra-saturation phenomenon, the nonlinear characteristic of the transformer core and the saturation effect of current transformers are considered. It is assumed that the load of the power transformer is a resistive and an inductive load. The mal-operation of the differential protection depends on a variety of factors the most important parameters of which are inception angle and residual flux. In this paper the parameters mentioned will study in different cases. In this paper, simulation is done by MATLAB program. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - A Novel Directional Algorithm for Transmission Line Protection Based on Least Squares Optimization
S. Daniar S. Daniar

Directional protection is a crucial function in advanced transmission network relays. In this paper, a novel directional algorithm for transmission line protection is presented. Proposed algorithm responds to all kind of faults accurately without any dead zone. In this More

Directional protection is a crucial function in advanced transmission network relays. In this paper, a novel directional algorithm for transmission line protection is presented. Proposed algorithm responds to all kind of faults accurately without any dead zone. In this scheme, discrimination between internal and external faults will be done precisely even for close relay faults. The proposed algorithm utilizes a close form equation achieved by least squares optimization. Directional protection function is carried out based on proposed algorithm under various conditions such as current transformer saturation, power swing and source capacity changes. Moreover, variation on some parameters such as fault inception and fault resistance has only negligible effects on algorithm performance. Due to employing of low sampling frequency, hardware implementation of the proposed algorithm is not complicated. Algorithm performance is evaluated by applying the field data from Manesht 230kV substation located at Ilam province as well as extracted data form EMTP-RV simulations. Simulation results verify the speed and reliability of the proposed algorithm. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Online Estimation of Transient Stability in a Two-Area Power System Based on Local and Wide-Area Measurements
M. Arabzadeh H. Seifi Mohammad Kazem Sheikh El Eslami

Transient stability analysis (TSA) is one of the important issues in the power system operation. The common methods of TSA are typically based on offline simulations so that some preventive and corrective actions may be designed to be adopted in real time conditions. To More

Transient stability analysis (TSA) is one of the important issues in the power system operation. The common methods of TSA are typically based on offline simulations so that some preventive and corrective actions may be designed to be adopted in real time conditions. To reduce the risk of these actions, in this paper a new method of transient stability estimation is proposed in which both local and wide-area measurements are used. According to the proposed method, the coherent generator groups of the two-area power system are initially identified and then the system is simplified based on the single machine equivalent (SIME) method. Thereafter, the equal area (EA) criterion is used to estimate the system transient stability. The innovation of this paper is the calculation of the acceleration area of SIME system based on the acceleration areas calculated locally in generator buses. The proposed method is applied on a10-mchine 39-bus test system and its results are presented by further explanation of its technical advantages. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Overcurrent Relay Coordination Using Improved Hyper-Spherical Search Algorithm Considering Different Relay Characteristics and Pickup Current
A. Hassani Ahangar H. Nafisi H. Karami G. Gharehpetian

Minimization of the discrimination time between the backup and main overcurrent relay is one of the most critical issue in relay coordination of power system. Determination of time setting multipliers (TSMs) using evolutionary algorithms has been studied in previous pap More

Minimization of the discrimination time between the backup and main overcurrent relay is one of the most critical issue in relay coordination of power system. Determination of time setting multipliers (TSMs) using evolutionary algorithms has been studied in previous papers. In this paper, TSM, various characteristics of the overcurrent relays and pickup currents are simultaneously considered to improve coordination of main and backup overcurrent relays. Furthermore, the coordination problem can also be considered as an optimization problem which can be solved using artificial intelligent methods. Recently, a novel optimization algorithm, called hyper-sphere search (HSS) algorithm, has been introduced. In this paper, Improved HSS (IHSS) is introduced. Based on the problems mentioned in this paper, the IHSS algorithm is more appropriate for obtaining the characteristics of the overcurrent relays, pickup currents and their TSMs. The result of IHSS is compared with HSS algorithm which has been used in previous studies. The simulation results on the test network show the efficiency of using IHSS and considering pickup currents in term of better relays coordination. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A New Method to Detect Line-to-Ground Faults in DC Microgrids Using Instantaneous Power Changes
Said Abbasi N. Ghaffarzadeh

With the increasing of sensitive loads such as data centers, the use of DC microgrids has increased. Line to ground fault is the most common type of fault in this type of microgrid, which causes various damages to the DC microgrid. One of the most important challenges i More

With the increasing of sensitive loads such as data centers, the use of DC microgrids has increased. Line to ground fault is the most common type of fault in this type of microgrid, which causes various damages to the DC microgrid. One of the most important challenges in operating a DC microgrid is the lack of effective protection against this faults type. In this paper, by using local measurements such as voltage and current at the beginning of each line, the instantaneous power changes in them are computed and a new protection scheme that is not based on any communication line is presented. The proposed protection scheme has good accuracy and speed of operation and is able to detect line-to-ground faults in DC microgrids with high-speed. The accuracy and precision of the protection scheme has been tested under different conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - A Model-Based Approach for Improving Power Transformer Differential Protection
Zahra Kazemi Mohammad Mohammadpour E. Farjah

In this paper, a new algorithm based on Kalman Filter (KF) is proposed for improving the reliability of power transformer differential protection. The three-phase currents of the transformer at the energization side are first estimated by KF. Three residual signals whic More

In this paper, a new algorithm based on Kalman Filter (KF) is proposed for improving the reliability of power transformer differential protection. The three-phase currents of the transformer at the energization side are first estimated by KF. Three residual signals which are the differences between the measured (by current transformers) and estimated (by KF) are defined and considered as the decision criteria to discriminate the fault and inrush conditions. During the transformer energization, the residual signals are almost zero. However, in fault conditions, the residual signals exceed a determined threshold value and a trip command will be subsequently issued. The performance of the proposed method is verified using simulations in MATLAB and PSCAD software. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Probabilistic Evaluation of Multi-Chamber Arresters Protection Performance for Reduction of Lighting Failures in Overhead Distribution Lines
Ramezan Ali Naghizadeh

A sophisticated and accurate probabilistic computational procedure for the calculation of lightning failures and evaluation of MCA performance for reduction of failures is implemented in this paper. Calculation of induced overvoltage caused by indirect lightning is impl More

A sophisticated and accurate probabilistic computational procedure for the calculation of lightning failures and evaluation of MCA performance for reduction of failures is implemented in this paper. Calculation of induced overvoltage caused by indirect lightning is implemented based on the Agarwal method with consideration of lossy ground. The Monte Carlo method with backward scenario reduction is implemented to take into account the uncertainty of lightning flash parameters including peak current and front time with the distance of the striking point from the distribution line with applying a proper model for simulation of MCA in ATP-EMTP software. A link is developed between MATLAB and ATP-EMTP software to simulate the numerous generated scenarios and analyze the output results. Different conditions including the insulation strength of the line, the earth conductivity, and the shielding factor of the adjacent objects to the line are also taken into account in calculations. The results are presented in a proper way to make them useful for the determination of lightning-related failure rates and also accurate evaluation of the effectiveness of MCA installation in different conditions of distribution feeders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Reviewing the Children's Privacy in the Family Considering Conditions of the Corona Pandemic
zeinab meisami

Background and Aim: Privacy is considered one of the most important dimensions related to children's rights, especially during the pandemic and quarantine, it is necessary to pay more attention to respecting it in the family environment. This research was done with the More

Background and Aim: Privacy is considered one of the most important dimensions related to children's rights, especially during the pandemic and quarantine, it is necessary to pay more attention to respecting it in the family environment. This research was done with the aim of explaining the concept, examples and issues of child privacy in the family with emphasis on pandemic conditions. Method: The present research was done with descriptive-analytical method using library resources. Results: The Covid Pandemic highlights the need for new ways of thinking about data protection. This is especially true of child-related health research. Responsible use of children's information plays a key role in promoting children's health and guaranteeing their right to health and privacy. With the widespread outbreak of the coronavirus worldwide, governments have put protocols, such as quarantine, in place to reduce the prevalence of the virus. With children quarantined at home and social activities shut down, the home is no longer the only place to relax and socialize with family. With the limitation of children's daily activities to the home environment, the issue of respecting the child's privacy is becoming more and more important in various aspects. Conclusion: For many children, school, extracurricular classes, socializing with peers, fun, etc. are summarized at home. Concentrating children's activities at home does not mean that all aspects of a child's life are observable for parents; rather, it should be noted that the child still has privacy and all his/her rights in private solitude, physical privacy, information privacy, communication privacy and personal privacy are still protected. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Presenting of a Pattern of environmental citizenship behavior with an emphasis on moral sentiment in Manufacturing Industries of Mazandaran province
Javad Javad Amoozad Khalili Samereh Shojaei Mohammad Bagher Gorji

Increasing environmental problems and crises in the world on the one hand and understanding the long-term consequences of environmental issues in human life on the other hand, has led researchers to understand ways to avoid harming the environment and prevent from its d More

Increasing environmental problems and crises in the world on the one hand and understanding the long-term consequences of environmental issues in human life on the other hand, has led researchers to understand ways to avoid harming the environment and prevent from its destruction, be. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of environmental citizenship behavior with emphasis on moral emotions in the manufacturing industries of Mazandaran province. The research method was mixed and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all administrative staff and managers of manufacturing industries in Mazandaran province, the number of which was equal to 10962 people, the sample size was estimated to be 371 people using Krejcie and Morgan table. After designing the researcher-made questionnaire, a total of 500 questionnaires were distributed electronically and in person among the statistical sample, which according to the number of completed questionnaires, the number of statistical samples of the research in the present study reached 371 people. Data analysis was performed using smart pls3 and spss 20 software. The results showed that the effect of moral emotions and its sub-dimensions (moral education and growth, moral qualities, moral self-awareness) on environmental citizenship behavior was confirmed. It seems that the relationship between moral emotions and their impact on environmental citizenship behavior is important and there is a significant relationship between them and the results of this study improve the perception of factors that create employee involvement in environmental citizenship behaviors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Legal Protections of Children Under 8 on Instagram
Fatemeh abdi

Background and Aim: Children are one of the most vulnerable sections of the society and are exposed to all kinds of abuses due to the violation of their rights. Also, children's privacy in cyberspace is a very important issue. In this research, at first, the relationshi More

Background and Aim: Children are one of the most vulnerable sections of the society and are exposed to all kinds of abuses due to the violation of their rights. Also, children's privacy in cyberspace is a very important issue. In this research, at first, the relationship between the publication of children's pictures on Instagram by parents and their privacy, and then the damage of publishing children's pictures on their personality, was discussed, and then the scope of legal protection of children's privacy on Instagram was examined. The purpose of this research is to address the necessity of legal protection of children's privacy in cyberspace in order to maintain their mental health in the future. Method: This research has been done using documents and library resources and descriptive-analytical method. Results: Cyberspace is a mixture of opportunities and threats. Today, a number of parents by violating some of their children's rights such as image rights, increase the number of followers on their Instagram page and thereby attract advertisements and generate income. Also, the findings indicate that there are significant legal gaps in the field of protecting children's privacy in cyberspace, which will cause serious damage to the various aspects of the children's personality in the future. Conclusion: Supporting children is necessary and unavoidable due to their unequal position when playing a role in cyber space. The advancement of technology and stepping into the digital age requires the establishment of protective laws and specific legal mechanisms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - A study on environmental curriculum planning in school education and curricula in Iran
abdalhosin pishgo sharifeh azizi ziba bastam

Traces of the history of formal environmental education in Iran can be found in the first official planning. But in fact, environmental education in its current sense is not more than thirty decades old. During this period, efforts were made to include environmental iss More

Traces of the history of formal environmental education in Iran can be found in the first official planning. But in fact, environmental education in its current sense is not more than thirty decades old. During this period, efforts were made to include environmental issues in the official programs of the country, and environmental issues were included in various courses. The aim of the present study is environmental curriculum planning in school education and curricula in Iran. The main question of the research: What solutions can be proposed to improve the current situation of environmental protection in school education and curricula in Iran? This research is a library survey and the information needed to respond to the years has been gathered through library documents, research reports and searches on the World Wide Web. Findings showed that the current situation of environmental protection in environmental education in Iran is not very good despite the efforts made and the attention that other pioneer countries have to environmental protection in their school education is not observed in Iran. The present study also suggests solutions such as environmental education curriculum design, environmental education needs assessment, and a fundamental review of the content of environmental education in order to improve the environmental protection situation in curricula in Iran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Presenting of a Pattern of environmental citizenship behavior with an emphasis on moral sentiment in Manufacturing Industries of Mazandaran province
Javad Javad Amoozad Khalili Samereh Shojaei Mohammad Bagher Gorji

Increasing environmental problems and crises in the world on the one hand and understanding the long-term consequences of environmental issues in human life on the other hand, has led researchers to understand ways to avoid harming the environment and prevent from its d More

Increasing environmental problems and crises in the world on the one hand and understanding the long-term consequences of environmental issues in human life on the other hand, has led researchers to understand ways to avoid harming the environment and prevent from its destruction, be. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of environmental citizenship behavior with emphasis on moral emotions in the manufacturing industries of Mazandaran province. The research method was mixed and based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all administrative staff and managers of manufacturing industries in Mazandaran province, the number of which was equal to 10962 people, the sample size was estimated to be 371 people using Krejcie and Morgan table. After designing the researcher-made questionnaire, a total of 500 questionnaires were distributed electronically and in person among the statistical sample, which according to the number of completed questionnaires, the number of statistical samples of the research in the present study reached 371 people. Data analysis was performed using smart pls3 and spss 20 software. The results showed that the effect of moral emotions and its sub-dimensions (moral education and growth, moral qualities, moral self-awareness) on environmental citizenship behavior was confirmed. It seems that the relationship between moral emotions and their impact on environmental citizenship behavior is important and there is a significant relationship between them and the results of this study improve the perception of factors that create employee involvement in environmental citizenship behaviors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Analyzing Ideological Attitudes of Modern Tourists Towards Visiting Natural Attractions: A Case Study of Tourists Visiting Western Kalate of Bastam District, Shahrood County
tahereh sadeghloo fahimeh jafari fahimeh karimiyan

This applied study sought to investigate the ideological bases and theoretical attitudes of tourists of modern tourists towards the environment and their behavior in this regard using a descriptive-analytical approach. The unit of analysis is the tourists who visited th More

This applied study sought to investigate the ideological bases and theoretical attitudes of tourists of modern tourists towards the environment and their behavior in this regard using a descriptive-analytical approach. The unit of analysis is the tourists who visited the Kharghan and Western Kalateh districts in Bastam district, Shahrood County. Due to the lack of accurate information on the number of tourists visiting the study area, the current study used Cochran's formula (applied in cases of unknown communities) to determine the sample size of the study. Accordingly, 140 tourists were selected, to whom a relevant questionnaire was administered. The results of the study indicated that the aesthetic-mental attitude of the tourists towards nature (with an average of 4.78) exerted the greatest influence on their behavior towards the environment, suggesting that most of the tourists do not seek economic benefits in visiting tourist areas. In other words, the tourists do not follow a utilitarian attitude in visiting nature. Moreover, the results revealed that the attitudes of professional tourists (those who are actively engaged in tourism) towards nature differ from those of non-professional tourists. According to the results of the t-test performed on two independent samples, women and men possess different ideological attitudes towards nature, making them behave differently towards the natural environment. Furthermore, a positive direct correlation was found between age and the ideological attitudes of tourists towards nature, indicating that the attitude towards nature changes with an increase in age, which in turn affects the behavior of tourists towards the environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Human Security and Human Rights; Distinctions and Overlapping Areas
Naser khorshidi sarem shiravand

The purpose of this article is to study of distinctions and overlapping areas between "Human Security" and "Human Rights". Both concepts put the preserving and promoting "Human Dignity" on the agenda, And for this reason, they cover many of each other's shortcomings. On More

The purpose of this article is to study of distinctions and overlapping areas between "Human Security" and "Human Rights". Both concepts put the preserving and promoting "Human Dignity" on the agenda, And for this reason, they cover many of each other's shortcomings. On the other hand, there are differences areas between "Human Security" and "Human Rights", especially in the level of analysis, operational aspects, and scope of inclusion. In this regard, the question arises: "How can human rights and human security, despite some differences and distinctions, be able to complement and reinforce each other?"Human rights and human security have the ability to overlap and reinforce each other, because they focus on a single issue, namely "human dignity" and the development of various aspects of human life, including individual, social and international. In order to realizing the Human security strategies (protection and empowerment), Human rights provide the necessary legal framework to support the two principles of "Protection" and "Empowerment". And conversely, human security, with its emphasis on the operational aspects of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in particular economic, social and cultural rights, as well as the Securitization of some common human rights concerns, can provide the necessary political support for achieving human rights goals. Findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between human rights and human security. The research method is descriptive-analytical and in some cases a comparative method has been used to prove the hypothesis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Survey of Yasuj high school students' opinions about environmental protection
Golnar Salehi khah Helaleh Ranjbari Soraya Bastan

The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of high school students in Yasuj about environmental protection. The method is fieldwork and information was collected through a questionnaire from 121 high school students in Yasuj. The method used in this research More

The purpose of this study is to investigate the views of high school students in Yasuj about environmental protection. The method is fieldwork and information was collected through a questionnaire from 121 high school students in Yasuj. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytical. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with a reliability coefficient of 0.85. Data analysis was performed using statistical and variable tests and SPSS software. Findings showed that students were interested in issues related to environmental protection and considered environmental protection to be part of their duties and had an acceptable level of information and knowledge about issues and problems related to its protection. To achieve sustainable development, ie balanced development and preserving environmental values, you must think about the biocultural transformation of societies so that the people who make up communities adapt their character to the sustainability and dynamism of nature, because environmental crises and the destruction and imposition of natural resources increase Population has caused humans today to work harder to prevent the destruction of their environment. Finally, the results of statistical tests showed that in addition to the variables of the tendency to create environmental structures, the amount of visits to parks and green spaces, students' visits to environmentally friendly centers, the use of educational and scientific environmental protection and the use of educational videos in the field of environment. Among all the research variables, including the amount of environmental education materials in the textbook, attitudes towards environmental protection, the amount and of course to the environment, school libraries are equipped with resources and science, the use of environmental magazines and publications, the number of environmental experts visiting Schools, participation in voluntary environmental activities, informing teachers about environmental protection There is a direct and significant relationship between students' views on environmental protection. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The AbortionDue to the Mother's Hardship, in the "Family and Youth of the Population's Protection" Act
Sadegh Shariati Nasab

For the first time, by the single article (Act) of the "Therapeutic Abortion Act" approved in 2005, abortion was conditionally prescribed due to "fetal disease which causes Hardship to the mother, due to fetal retardation or deformation". With the approval of the "Famil More

For the first time, by the single article (Act) of the "Therapeutic Abortion Act" approved in 2005, abortion was conditionally prescribed due to "fetal disease which causes Hardship to the mother, due to fetal retardation or deformation". With the approval of the "Family and Youth of the Population's Protection Act" in 2021 and the abrogation of that single article, Hardship-based abortion, has been released from merely fetal disease or defect, and generally has been expanded to "severe unbearable Hardship for the mother". This change is considered a big leap in Iran's legislation and needs to be analyzed and investigated. The purpose of this article is to analyze and explain the conditions, criteria, effects, and efficiency of Hardship-based abortion in the new law. Its method is Descriptive and Analytical. It seems that: 1. Limiting abortion to fetal disease or defects is not logically justified. 2. In some cases, the social and psychological (not physical) Hardship caused by pregnancy, is much more severe and impactful than the fetal diseases. 3. Every dissatisfaction and excuse cannot be considered as a case for a mother's Hardship; rather, the definition, criteria, and examples for Hardship, must be carefully explained. 4. The special procedure in the new Act, guarantees a thorough and comprehensive proceeding to each case. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Investigating the performance of electronic transformers on the environment
Maziar Demory Nejad Mehrdad Mohadpur

During the last 30 and 40 years, TS transformer substations have evolved a lot, from the classic assembly in open areas, partition walls and outdoors, to the existing model, in order to increase human safety and material reliability, as well as significant progress. Ass More

During the last 30 and 40 years, TS transformer substations have evolved a lot, from the classic assembly in open areas, partition walls and outdoors, to the existing model, in order to increase human safety and material reliability, as well as significant progress. Assembly and space reduction, new results such as metal enclosures, prefabricated buildings, compact transformer substations and finally installed substations are also revolutionary. Due to society's increasing concern about the environment, the industry as a whole is rethinking the design and materials that may mean pollution, trying to replace them as much as possible with environmentally friendly communities. The inevitable development of society cannot and should not destroy the future of the earth. The time for sustainable development has come. So our work here today is a help in that sense. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - Women in the Process of Transformation and Approval of Family Protection Laws with Emphasis on the Family Protection Law of 2012
Zahra Bahramian Ghafoor Khoini

<p>The family protection law has undergone changes and developments over different periods. Throughout these changes, efforts have consistently been made to address women’s rights and issues. The most recent of these laws is the Family Protection Law approved in 1 More

<p>The family protection law has undergone changes and developments over different periods. Throughout these changes, efforts have consistently been made to address women’s rights and issues. The most recent of these laws is the Family Protection Law approved in 1391-Shamsi year. This law was approved based on the format and principles specified in the Family Protection Law of 1353. This research employs a descriptive and analytical method to explore this issue. It concludes that the approval of the Family Protection Law of 1391 has resulted in greater attention to the rights of women and families. It has also resolved some ambiguities and contradictions in the procedure of handling family cases and includes provisions that favor women, although it overlooks women in certain areas.</p> Manuscript profile

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