List of Articles Mashhad

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  1 - Impact Analysis of the Physical-Spatial Transformations of Suburban Rural Settlements on Internal and External Factors at Urban Collection Mashhad
  Mahdi Javanshiri   Hamdollah Sojasi Qeydari
  The present study was conducted to investigate, analyze and explain the physical-spatial changes of rural settlements at urban collection Mashhad during the last ten years. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and fundamental in terms of purpos More

  The present study was conducted to investigate, analyze and explain the physical-spatial changes of rural settlements at urban collection Mashhad during the last ten years. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and fundamental in terms of purpose. Documentary and field methods have been used to collect information. The sample population is 28 villages of over 20 households in urban collection Mashhad which were selected from different classes of population and different distances with Mashhad city. From 20083 households in sample rural areas, using the Cochran formula, a sample size of 377 households were selected by random sampling method. To test the conceptual model of research and the effect of identified factors on physical-spatial evolution was used with partial least squares technique and using Smart PLS software. According to the results, the coefficients t between the main variables of research were above 2.58, that is, the relationship is significant and direct; In this way, internal indices, adjacent to the metropolis of Mashhad and external factors have a positive and significant effect on the physical and spatial changes of rural settlements. According to the coefficients of the total variable, external factors with a coefficient of 0.947 have the greatest impact and the internal factors of the village have had the least impact on the physical-spatial changes of settlements. The results of spatial analysis and ranking of sample villages with the WASPAS estimation model indicated that the villages of Gorgi-Sofla, Hosseinabad-Ghorghi and Dostabad had the highest level of physical-spatial changes. Manuscript profile
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  2 - A Framework for Studying the Epic Language
  اصغر  شهبازی مهدی  ملک‌ثابت
  One of the issues in modern criticism is the study of language of the literary works. The framework suggested for studying the epic language has focused on the reading of the language of epic poetry at different phonological and musical, morphological and syntactic, rhe More

  One of the issues in modern criticism is the study of language of the literary works. The framework suggested for studying the epic language has focused on the reading of the language of epic poetry at different phonological and musical, morphological and syntactic, rhetorical and literary as well as theatrical levels in order to describe the quality of literary type of epics in language. For this purpose, through the innovative critic theories, mainly formalism, and based on the standard epic language (Shah-nameh Ferdowsi), the framework has been suggested for the study of the epic language at different levels. Subsequently, the paper is going to clarify the necessary indicators and illustrate the quality of them in the epic language by applying a number of evidences from epic texts, in particular Shah-nameh Ferdowsi, in order to access two goals: not only achieving the indicators of epic language but also examining them in the epic poetry and finding how the poems after Ferdowsi were or were not successful in the application of the epic language. According to this framework, it has been shown that Bazel Mashhadi, for instance, has not been successful in his using of the epic language. Moreover, the epic poetry as well as its created images, in some different aspects such as rhythms, composition and coherence, has a range of deficits as well. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Sociological analysis of the effect of cyberspace on students' academic achievement
  sayyed atollah sinaee sara mousavi mashhadi
  The growing use of digital technologies has made cyberspace and social networks an important part of people's daily lives. In addition, digital technologies and cyberspace have revolutionized the tools, methods, and content of learning in education systems. At the same More

  The growing use of digital technologies has made cyberspace and social networks an important part of people's daily lives. In addition, digital technologies and cyberspace have revolutionized the tools, methods, and content of learning in education systems. At the same time, the study of the dimensions and effects of the widespread use of communication and information technologies has been the focus of researchers from the beginning and the present study pursues such a goal. This research was conducted by correlation research method and a questionnaire. The statistical population includes all female students in the first year of high school, district two of education in Mashhad, in the academic year 1300-1400. The sample size was selected based on Morgan formula 380 people and information was collected using available sampling method. Findings of this study show that the motivation for the development of the user group in cyberspace and social networks was higher than the average motivation for the development of the non-user group. Manuscript profile
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  4 - (Recognition the components of organizational culture and its effect on the empowerment of human resources (Case Study: Mashhad Municipality
  yousef ramezani fariborz rahimnia saeed mortazavi gholamreza malekzadeh
  The importance of culture in the use of the ability of people in the organization is undeniable. This research is trying to true in the context of the organization in Iran, Mashhad Municipality to identify the components of organizational culture and its effect on the h More

  The importance of culture in the use of the ability of people in the organization is undeniable. This research is trying to true in the context of the organization in Iran, Mashhad Municipality to identify the components of organizational culture and its effect on the human resources dimension empowering human resources In this study, ethnographic is research method. In this study, by entering a local organization and means of observation and interviews was to understand the organizational culture and the analysis of 11 components, including: respect for the beliefs and religious values,adherence to accountability, formal behavior, organizational identity, physical symbols, personalized, banner honoring customers, revenue, emphasis on corporate law, resistance against foreign managers and language, in five levels artifacts (language), artifacts (symbols), artifacts (Meme), values and basic assumptions and beliefs respectively. To verify the integrity of the data in this study, the reliability, quality, reliability, functionality and portability dependence was used. In the quantitative as well as to assess the validity of the content validity and construct validity were used two methods to assess the reliability of the questionnaire was Krvnbaj alpha (organizational culture questionnaire 0/701, 0/857 empowerment questionnaire). The results indicate that a significant effect of organizational culture on human resources shows the dimensions of empowerment. Manuscript profile
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  5 - The Phenomenology of Organizational Training: the lived Experience of Staff in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
    رقیه فاضل  
  The purpose of this Phenomenological study was to understand the lived experience of staff in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad from training organization. Qualitative findings through deep interview with 9-target participation Showed that they comprehend the education as More

  The purpose of this Phenomenological study was to understand the lived experience of staff in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad from training organization. Qualitative findings through deep interview with 9-target participation Showed that they comprehend the education as a human right and the phenomenon intertwined with other aspects of human resources management. In addition to professional training, moral and personal training make them satisfied finally, in this research an exploratory model was extracted from organizational education in University of Mashhad. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Codification of a theoretical model for the production of spiritual-led urban space in an Iranian-Islamic city, Based on grounded theory method (case study: the central part of Mashhad)
  farzaneh madani mojtaba Rafieian afsoon mahdavi Fatemeh  Mohammadniai Gharaei
  Urban development and the process of space production have always been accompanied by serious conflicts. This has led to the production and reproduction of profit spaces based on the logic of capital accumulation. One of the manifestations of this confrontation can be s More

  Urban development and the process of space production have always been accompanied by serious conflicts. This has led to the production and reproduction of profit spaces based on the logic of capital accumulation. One of the manifestations of this confrontation can be seen in the interventions made in contexts of special identity, such as Mashhad, which is in serious conflict with the issues of sustainability and its three dimensions. Against these challenges, spiritual-led urbanism and the need to identification its indicators in contemporary urban planning in order to balance the current vicious cycle seem necessary. The increasing trend of researches in this field by reputable scientific centers shows the need to apply this concept more and more in the scale of contemporary urban planning. This research aims to provide a spatial reading of the indicators of the production of spiritual-led urban space in contemporary urban planning in line with the adjustment of the current cycle, with the aim of compiling effective spatial components in this process. In terms of the goal, this research is among developmental and qualitative research that was conducted with the grounded theory method. The statistical community includes experts and key informants (21 individual interviews and 2 group interviews) who were selected as the sample size using the purposeful sampling method. The findings of the research are the identification of 23 indicators in the form of 8 main dimensions, including space syntax, role-playing, symbolism, sustainability, and justice, security, and management structure and Contemporizationof theoretical knowledge. The achievement of this research is placing a balancing concept in the cycle of space production, which will reduce the ambiguities and shortcomings of the urban planning system, especially in cities with the support of spiritual identity, by structuring effective spatial components in the production of spiritual-led space. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Socio - economic factors affecting overnight stays of domestic tourists (case study: Mashhad)
  Hadi Rafiy    
  Tourist overnight stays is a key factor in decision making process for tourists and it has a fundamental importance for tourism destinations. Length of stay is one of the most important determinants of tourism which affects the economy of a region. Mashhad is one of the More

  Tourist overnight stays is a key factor in decision making process for tourists and it has a fundamental importance for tourism destinations. Length of stay is one of the most important determinants of tourism which affects the economy of a region. Mashhad is one of the tourist destinations which its tourists and pilgrims was increased in number but their average length of stay was decreased recently. According to statistics, about 75 percent of pilgrims and tourists of Mashhad stay less than a week and only 25% of them are staying more than one week and the overnight stay average of Mashhad pilgrims is 5/43 days. The main objective of this study is to identify the socio-economic factors affecting the overnight stays of tourists and pilgrims in Mashhad. For this purpose, 692 questionnaires were completed randomly among tourists and pilgrims of Mashhad in spring 2015. Data were evaluated by Ordered Logit Model. The length of stay (the dependent variable) is classified into three groups; less than five days, between 5 to 7 days and more than 7 days. Results showed that the type of trip (Lonely), the frequency of traveling to Mashhad , the number of family members accompanying during the trips, food preparing ways and education level, have significant negative effects and the type of transportation (train) and income level (between 10.000.000 – 20.000.000 IRR) have significant positive effects on tourists and pilgrims overnight stay in Mashhad. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Geniality, Deception, and Profiteering: the pilgrims’ perception of retail stores in Mashhad
     
  Mashhad is one of the largest religious tourism markets in Iran and in the Muslim world. Sustainable development of this market is dependent on mutual satisfaction of service providers and tourists as customers. One of the important sectors of tourism services is shoppi More

  Mashhad is one of the largest religious tourism markets in Iran and in the Muslim world. Sustainable development of this market is dependent on mutual satisfaction of service providers and tourists as customers. One of the important sectors of tourism services is shopping and souvenirs, which is mainly provided by retailers. Therefore, this paper tries to identify the tourists’ perceptions of these retailers in Mashhad. In the field of customer satisfaction, customer perception of service provider- customer interaction, is one of the dimensions of service qualities which determine tourists’ shopping experience. For data collection, a random number of 410 pilgrims who have visited the holy shrine of Imam Reza were asked to describe retailers in Mashhad. Collected data was analyzed by quantitative and qualitative content analysis method, pilgrims’ answers were categorized and then the frequency of each category was calculated. The results revealed that three categories of Profiteering, Deception, and Geniality, respectively include 40.7, 36.3, and 27.1 percent of the responses, which are the highest frequencies among the traits attributed to retailers. This could mean that pilgrims’ image of retailers is a person who uses deception and geniality strategies for his profiteering goals. It seems that temporal characteristic of tourist-buyers, as well as tourists’ insists for discounting, lead retailers to "flexible deception" strategies which more guarantee their interests. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Exploring the Souvenir purchasing behaviour (Case study: Mashhad Pilgrims)
     
  Souvenir purchasing is not only a memento of travel experience, but also a tourist attraction. Furthermore, souvenir shopping is an integral component of one’s travel experience which has a significant proportion of overall travel expenditure in tourism industry turnove More

  Souvenir purchasing is not only a memento of travel experience, but also a tourist attraction. Furthermore, souvenir shopping is an integral component of one’s travel experience which has a significant proportion of overall travel expenditure in tourism industry turnover. As a result, market identification is of critical importance to producers, marketers, wholesaler and retailers. However, regarding the souvenir purchasing behaviour not much research has been conducted and this subject is still under study in Iran. With a great number of tourist arrivals and various types of souvenir, Mashhad has a great potential to be considered as a case study. So, the aim of this paper is to explore; what will pilgrims buy and what factors will drive their purchasing behaviour? Accordingly, secondary data analysis has been conducted on the gathered data from Mashhad pilgrims 2010 and 2011 survey. Based on the pilgrims' dominant purchasing choices, four different behaviour was identified: purchasing of cultural symbols, purchasing of local foods, mixed purchasing behaviour of clothes, accessories and cultural signs, and non-purchase behaviour. The most common observed, purchasing behaviour was "mixed purchasing behaviour of clothes, accessories and cultural signs". In addition, the logistic regression test showed that purchasing behaviour was determined by age, place of residence (city), tourist's dominant behaviour in travel (pilgrimage), travel style (travelling in a group or alone) and frequency of travel. Those variables predicted 23% of variance of souvenir purchasing behaviour. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Investigating the Scenarios of non-Muslim non-Iranian Tourists of Mashhad Within 2025 Perspective
  Arash   Ghahreman Ahmad roumiani Sareh   Nematian zahra bostan
  10.61186/journalitor.35761.11.23.105
  The uncertainty caused by environmental complexities has made it difficult to forecast the future of Tourism in Mashhad in terms of non-Muslim tourists visiting the city, about whom no sufficient information exists. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the trend More

  The uncertainty caused by environmental complexities has made it difficult to forecast the future of Tourism in Mashhad in terms of non-Muslim tourists visiting the city, about whom no sufficient information exists. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the trend of variations in the visits made to Mashhad by non-Muslim tourists using the scenario writing method. To this end, this applied study used the analytical-qualitative approach, collecting the required data through detailed in-person interviews. In this regard, twenty-seven interviews were made in three phases with tourism experts in such fields as sociology, economics, planning, and specialized tourism services. In the first phase, the factors involved in attracting non-Muslim tourists to Mashhad were identified according to the views offered by the experts in interviews using the Delphi technique. In the second phase, the critical driving forces were identified based on two criteria of effectiveness and uncertainty. Finally, the optimistic and pessimistic scenarios concerning the future of non-Muslim tourism in Mashhad were described. The study’s findings revealed that smartizing tourism, making connections between tourism in Mashhad and its neighboring cities, increasing the number of media advertisements, improving the hospitality culture, and promoting a sense of security in the visiting tourists were the most important driving forces at the local level. Therefore, the number of Mashhad’s non-muslim tourists could be increased within the study period by improving IT infrastructure (including electronic trading, and electronic banking), introducing neighboring cities and villages of Mashhad and their tourist attractions, offering instructions regarding hospitality (especially for taxi drivers, business and shop owners), creating tourism police, and providing security in high-trafficking urban places. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Network Analysis of Organizational Cooperation in Tourism Destination Management
  Asghar   Tahmasebi mehri zavarniya
  Organizational cooperation is regarded as a key factor in the sustainability and competitiveness of tourist destinations. This study sought to investigate the organizational cooperation network and the position of different actors and organizations within the management More

  Organizational cooperation is regarded as a key factor in the sustainability and competitiveness of tourist destinations. This study sought to investigate the organizational cooperation network and the position of different actors and organizations within the management of Mashhad tourist destinations, using Social Network Analysis. To this end, the data on the organizational interactions of 30 actors involved were collected through surveying and interviewing three key experts in each relevant organization. The data were then analyzed via Ucinet software, using the in-degree, out-degree, and betweenness centrality indicators. The findings of the study indicated that the governmental organizations such as the provincial governments, gubernatorial offices, and the Law Enforcement Forces mostly exercised control and power on Mashhad tourist destinations’ organizational cooperation network. Moreover, with the highest amount of betweenness centrality, the gubernatorial offices, and the Office of Tourism and Cultural Heritage enjoyed the greatest potentials for cooperation within the organizational cooperation network. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Investigating the Influence of Human Resources Management Activities on Customer Loyalty in the Hoteling Industry Using a Multilevel Approach
  zahra Nikkhah-Farkhani Mohammad shaykhzade
  10.52547/journalitor.36121.11.21.1
  Considering the fact that customer loyalty is regarded as one of the most important concerns of hotel managers, this study sought to investigate the influence of human resources management activities on customer loyalty using a multi-level approach. The statistical popu More

  Considering the fact that customer loyalty is regarded as one of the most important concerns of hotel managers, this study sought to investigate the influence of human resources management activities on customer loyalty using a multi-level approach. The statistical population of the study comprised of managers, staff, and customers of four-star and five-star hotels in Mashhad. Moreover, the statistical sample size of the research at the organization level consisted of thirty-four, one-hundred and forty, two-hundred and forty managers, staff, and customers at organizational, staff, and customer levels, respectively. On the other hand, Sam’s 12-item questionnaire (2008) and the 17-item questionnaire developed by Al-Rafiei et al. (2013) were used to measure the human resources management activities and the staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, respectively, whose validity and reliability was tested using the Content validity method and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Finally, HLM 7.02 and the SPSS software were used to analyse the collected data. The results proved the positive influence of human resources management activities on the staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, and in turn, on the satisfaction and loyalty of the customers. Therefore, it could be argued that hotel managers can increase the loyalty of their customers by emphasizing human resource management activities and improving their staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, which would increase the profitability of hotels in the long term by reducing marketing costs. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Investigating the Factors Affecting the Demand for Medical Tourism in Mashhad
  Fatemeh Rahmani pejman avazpoor
  10.52547/journalitor.36189.11.21.119
  As one of the largest and most profitable sub-sectors of tourism worldwide, Medical Tourism is considered an economic activity involving service exchanges, representing the link between at least medicine and tourism sectors. Therefore, this study sought to investigate t More

  As one of the largest and most profitable sub-sectors of tourism worldwide, Medical Tourism is considered an economic activity involving service exchanges, representing the link between at least medicine and tourism sectors. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the factors affecting the demands for medical tourism in Mashhad using the Multinomial Logit Model, which was estimated by Stata 16 software. The statistical population of the study comprised of domestic medical tourists who visited Mashhad in 2021, out of whom 150 people were selected as the participants. The dependent variable of the study was the demand for medical tourism in Mashhad, that was divided into low, high, and medium classes, and the required data was collected by administering a questionnaire. Accordingly, it was found that an increase in the quality of medical and urban services, low medical costs, and an increase in the tourists’ income would increase the demand for medical tourism in Mashhad. Moreover, the quality of medical services’ sub-indices and urban factors were also evaluated separately by the tourists who participated in this study. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Residential use analysis of Mashhad based on LEED indicators in green buildings
  farzaneh Razzaghian Hossein  Aghajani
  The hotel industry, as the largest subset of the tourism industry, is one of the largest polluters among the service industry. Quoting from Elsevier's valid scientific journals such as Sustainable Futures and Cleaner Production in 2022 and 2023, the negative environment More

  The hotel industry, as the largest subset of the tourism industry, is one of the largest polluters among the service industry. Quoting from Elsevier's valid scientific journals such as Sustainable Futures and Cleaner Production in 2022 and 2023, the negative environmental impacts of hotels are greater than the impacts of buildings with different uses of the same size and scale. On the other hand, hotels in the pilgrimage city of Mashhad are one of the most important uses, which is ranked first in Iran. Undoubtedly, the approach of optimal use and energy saving is very important in this industry. Therefore, this article aims to improve the quality of urban construction and reduce the use of resources and energy in hotels in Mashhad and using a descriptive-analytical method to identify the principles and criteria of green building and analyze the status of hotels in three sections: hotels, apartment hotels And hosts. The statistical population of this research includes all hotels of Mashhad and sample size with cluster sampling method of 169 cases. The international LEED standard has been used to evaluate green building indicators. The results show that hotels reveal many weaknesses that can be traced back to the early stages of design to construction and after implementation. These buildings do not benefit from the basics of green building principles and are buildings with high energy and water consumption, and none of them have obtained the minimum score required to obtain LEED certification (40 points). Therefore, after stating the causes, practical solutions to solve them are presented. Manuscript profile