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Open Access Article
1 - The Concept of Death in view of “Qeysar Aminpour” in his First Poesy
مهدی فیروزیان نسیم عظیمیپورQeysar Aminpour (1960- 2007) is one of the famous representatives of Revolution and Resistance Literature. In the first poesy of Qesar Aminpour (poems of two books named Morning Breath and Sudden Mirrors) which are composed during war years, death and its different mani MoreQeysar Aminpour (1960- 2007) is one of the famous representatives of Revolution and Resistance Literature. In the first poesy of Qesar Aminpour (poems of two books named Morning Breath and Sudden Mirrors) which are composed during war years, death and its different manifests are the most brilliant concepts in his poetry. He did not mention to natural death in this period and views war-caused deaths from two viewpoints: 1- people viewpoint: death is a disastrous event for innocent children and women and it has an abominable face which shows the brutality of enemy and the obscenity of war; 2- combatants’ viewpoint: death, i.e. martyrdom, has a sublime value and poet always tries to produce a beautiful manifest of death. After clarifying these mentioned viewpoints, we tried, in two sections of Martyrdom and Martyr, to introduce artistic methods of Qeysar Aminpour in dealing with Concept of Death from second viewpoint (Martyrdom) through Metaphor, Simile and Symbol- with mentioning to artistic beauties of his poetry- and finally we decoded some other of his poets based on these data and knowing his literary method and thinking system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Review and Analysis of “Hiss” Novel Focusing on Post-modern Existential Components
غلامحسین ملّازادهIncreasing evolutions, constant change in attitudes and emergence of various literary theories in this constant renewing world has affected story literature too and caused story writers – sometimes unaware and sometimes with awareness coming from a new self-consciousnes MoreIncreasing evolutions, constant change in attitudes and emergence of various literary theories in this constant renewing world has affected story literature too and caused story writers – sometimes unaware and sometimes with awareness coming from a new self-consciousness - to make their stories compatible with the condition of new world, by missing out fixed principle. Since applying the narrative method of “Death of Author” in Hiss Novel by Muhammad Reza Kateb is unforgettable in comparison with other main features of Post-modern work, this made the work to have necessary and appropriate capacities for this type of special postmodern reading. Authors of this article, using library and descriptive-analytic method, attempt to show that Hiss author, along with other postmodern techniques, uses this technique particularly with brilliant varieties and differences, and by so doing he could have introduced a masterpiece into the literary community. Kateb uses Death of Author intentionally in various forms and in different parts of this novel; he also produced suitable spaces for readers to enter into the story text along with freedom of action for story characters so that republicity of voices are clearer in his work. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Sadeq Hedayat’s Death Awareness: Psychological or Philosophical attitude?
عليرضا شاهينيMany critics believe that Hedayat drives characters of his fictions to death, and this is something arising from his death aware mentality and his pessimistic attitude to life. There are some problems with Critical studies of Hedayat’s stories. First, they see the works MoreMany critics believe that Hedayat drives characters of his fictions to death, and this is something arising from his death aware mentality and his pessimistic attitude to life. There are some problems with Critical studies of Hedayat’s stories. First, they see the works full of philosophical despair. Secondly, they treat the protagonists as mirroring the character of the author. However, delving in motives of Hedayat’s stories, one can be suspicious about philosophical treatment of death of the fictional characters. Hedayat is among the writers who have especial approach to reveal psychological aspects of the characters in narrative structure of his stories. According to Freud theory of instincts, human behavior was motivated by two biologically energized instincts, respectively termed Eros, the life instinct, and Thanatos, the death instinct. When the life instinct decays as a result of failure, the death instinct takes the place of it. The research tries to study the stories in this framework. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Three Views on Death in Persian Literature
مرتضي فلاحDeath is the greatest incident in any person’s life and has constantly occupies man’s mind. In the written literary texts of Iran- both religious and non-religious; before and after Islam- most of the investigations and explorations and the concern of writers, poets an MoreDeath is the greatest incident in any person’s life and has constantly occupies man’s mind. In the written literary texts of Iran- both religious and non-religious; before and after Islam- most of the investigations and explorations and the concern of writers, poets and scholars was on finding a way for escaping death or overcoming the terror derived from it. The first literary prose and poetic works seriously concerned about this topic are from the mid third century after Islam; where we can notice and see such historical concern. That is of course if we chose to dismiss the ancient Iranian literature and the initial myths and epics belonging to that period. With a brief overlook, the attempts of the Iranian Post-Islam poets and writers for overcoming death or reducing its concern and obsessions can be limited to three major ideas; first, those who have admired it and welcomed it warmly. Rumi is the greatest representative of this group. Second, those who have regarded death with hatred and for overcoming it have sought to overcome it by ‘having fun in the moment’ (Carpe Diem) intending to reduce the terror and fright of death. Khayam is the pioneer and complete representative of this group. The third group is composed of those who have had a realistic attitude towards death; they have viewed life and death as two sides of a coin, tried to utilize the blessings of this world and pay service to mankind; while at the same time have provided their required supply for this life and afterlife. These have neither sacrificed life for death nor have sacrificed death for life. Sa’adi is the greatest representative of this group. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Combination Method of DEA, DEMATEL and ANP for Evaluation of ERP Systems
amir amini alireza alinezhadIn this study Data envelopment analysis is used for the assessment of enterprise resources planning systems of 18 manufacturing companies, to determine whether the defined goals for ERP systems have been able to affect the performance after the implementation of the sys MoreIn this study Data envelopment analysis is used for the assessment of enterprise resources planning systems of 18 manufacturing companies, to determine whether the defined goals for ERP systems have been able to affect the performance after the implementation of the system. Considering the identification of effective factors in implementing ERP systems and using the previous researches, the performance evaluation criteria of this system were identified. Then, using experts’ views the most important input indicators were ranked by fuzzy DEMATEL and output indicators by ANP. In this ranking, time spent on implementation, the implementation infrastructure, training and user support were identified as top input indicators, and three indicators of productivity increase, proper resource management and user satisfaction were selected as top output indicators. Using selected indicators, the performance of ERP systems of selected companies was evaluated. The results of this research will be useful in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of companies compared to top ones and making their ERP system even better. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Prediction of Deadlocks in Concurrent Programs Using Neural Network
Elmira Hasanzad babamir babamirThe dependability of concurrent programs is usually limited by concurrency errors like deadlocks and data races in allocation of resources. Deadlocks are difficult to find during the program testing because they happen under very specific thread or process scheduling an MoreThe dependability of concurrent programs is usually limited by concurrency errors like deadlocks and data races in allocation of resources. Deadlocks are difficult to find during the program testing because they happen under very specific thread or process scheduling and environmental conditions. In this study, we extended our previous approach for online potential deadlock detection in resources allocated by multithread programs. Our approach is based on reasoning about deadlock possibility using the prediction of future behavior of threads. Due to the nondeterministic nature, future behavior of multithread programs, in most of cases, cannot be easily specified. Before the prediction, the behavior of threads should be translated into a predictable format. Time series is our choice to this conversion because many Statistical and Artificial Intelligence techniques can be developed to predict the future members of the time series. Among all the prediction techniques, artificial neural networks showed applicable performance and flexibility in predicting complex behavioral patterns which are the most usual cases in real world applications. Our model focuses on the multithread programs which use locks to allocate resources. The proposed model was used to deadlock prediction in resources allocated by multithread Java programs and the results were evaluated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Rough Sets Theory with Deep Learning for Tracking in Natural Interaction with Deaf
Mohammad Ebrahimi Hossein Ebrahimpour-KomelehSign languages commonly serve as an alternative or complementary mode of human communication Tracking is one of the most fundamental problems in computer vision, and use in a long list of applications such as sign languages recognition. Despite great advances in recent MoreSign languages commonly serve as an alternative or complementary mode of human communication Tracking is one of the most fundamental problems in computer vision, and use in a long list of applications such as sign languages recognition. Despite great advances in recent years, tracking remains challenging due to many factors including occlusion, scale variation, etc. The mistake detecting of head or left hand instead of right hand in overlapping are, modes like this, and due to the uncertainty of the hand area over the deaf news video frames; we proposed two methods: first, tracking using particle filter and second tracking using the idea of the rough set theory in granular information with deep neural network. We proposed the method for Combination the Rough Set with Deep Neural Network and used for in Hand/Head Tracking in Video Signal DeafNews. We develop a tracking system for Deaf News. We used rough set theory to increase the accuracy of skin segmentation in video signal. Using deep neural network, we extracted inherent relationships available in the frame pixels and generalized the achieved features to tracking. The system proposed is tested on the 33 of Deaf News with 100 different words and 1927 video files for words then recall, MOTA and MOTP values are obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigation of a Contractual Representative’s Dealing with Oneself in the Iranian Legal System
Fatemeh Jameei Nader Khavandgar Hirad MokhayeriThe significance of concluding contracts requires that there should be a legal relationship in the name of representation in the relations between individuals, so that the representative can participate in the contracts in his/her own name and conclude the contract on h MoreThe significance of concluding contracts requires that there should be a legal relationship in the name of representation in the relations between individuals, so that the representative can participate in the contracts in his/her own name and conclude the contract on his/her behalf. Representation is divided into kinds based on the validity of the basis and its cause, and one of the most important of which is contractual representation. Since the existence of two wills is necessary in concluding any contract, the contractual representative declares his/her will on behalf of the original party and in some cases may participate in the contract on his/her own behalf and in his/her own right and deal with him/herself. Therefore, in the present study, in order to clarify the various dimensions of such a deal, in response to the question of what is the nature and legal status of such a deal in the Iranian legal system if a deal is made by contractual representatives including lawyers, directors of commercial companies, dealers and brokers, it should be said that such a deal was accepted as a contract and in the case of a lawyer, it shall be valid and effective by observing the client’s interests, in the case of managers of commercial companies and dealers, it shall be valid and effective by observing formalities, but the broker's dealing with himself/herself is not valid and he/she can only have a share in the deals of the parties. All of which were examined in detail in this article. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Comparative Study of Coma and General Anesthesia and Brain Death in Iran’s Jurisprudence and Law
Morteza Chitsazan Hamed HasaniniaIn this paper, we have first tried to define coma and then compare it with general anesthesia and brain death by resorting to the opinions of the jurists and latest medical findings. Unlike common belief, coma is not a disease; rather, it is a prolonged state of unconsc MoreIn this paper, we have first tried to define coma and then compare it with general anesthesia and brain death by resorting to the opinions of the jurists and latest medical findings. Unlike common belief, coma is not a disease; rather, it is a prolonged state of unconsciousness that results from damage to the person’s brain. In this paper, we will investigate the nature of coma and compare and contrast it with similar states of unconsciousness in the science of jurisprudence and law. The most important outcome of this study and the aforesaid comparison and contrast will emerge in the answer to the following question: What state of life is “the person in coma” in? There is an in-depth relation between humans’ life and death on one side and jurisprudence and law on the other side, in the sense that some rules are only applicable to death and the dead person while on the contrary, there are rules that are applicable to the person as long as he is alive and become inapplicable with the passing away of the person. Therefore, a precise examination of the concepts of life and death will be inevitable toward realizing the purpose of this paper. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Purgatory life, Hearing the voice of the living by the dead, comparison of opinions of Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya with the viewpoint of Wahhabism
Omid OmidianPurgatory life and related issues are linked with some Islamic traditions like Tawassul, Supplication from the souls of the righteous, and Visiting the graves. With emphasizing Purgatory life of the dead, majority of Muslims also accept Hearing the voice of the living b MorePurgatory life and related issues are linked with some Islamic traditions like Tawassul, Supplication from the souls of the righteous, and Visiting the graves. With emphasizing Purgatory life of the dead, majority of Muslims also accept Hearing the voice of the living by the dead that is the base for Tawassul and supplication from the souls of the righteous. Similar opinions of Ibn Taymiyah and Wahhabism in opposition to Tawassul and supplication, are associated with Consensus of Wahhabism and its predecessors about Purgatory life. But after analysis of opinions of Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Qayyim on one hand, and Wahhabism on the other hand we see a clear difference of opinions about Purgatory life and related issues such as Hearing the voice of the living by the dead. Ibn Taymiyyah in brief, and Ibn Qayyim in detail believe in Purgatory life and Hearing the voice of the living by the dead. However Wahhabism believes in limited Purgatory life and considers Not to Hear the voice of the living by the dead as the main principle. So this question remains; How Wahhabism claims to follow Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Qayyim about the issues of Purgatory life and Hearing the voice of the living by the dead, and how Wahhabism goes beyond its predecessors and disagrees with the majority of Muslims about these issues, and even disagrees with its Sheikhs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Intermediary Death from the View of the Holy Quran
Nader Mokhtari Efrakati Rezwaneh Najafi Sawad RoodabadiWe all clearly know the educational role of believing in the world after death and understanding its issues. Therefore, all divine religions discuss about resurrection after talking about monotheism. An issue related to the world after death is the intermediary world to MoreWe all clearly know the educational role of believing in the world after death and understanding its issues. Therefore, all divine religions discuss about resurrection after talking about monotheism. An issue related to the world after death is the intermediary world to which men enter after meeting their determined death and experience a new life called intermediary life. The main question is whether all people of intermediary world re-experience death. Supposing that there is kind of death in intermediary world, do all creatures including men, angels and jinn experience it, or is a group immune from it? Contrary to most interpreters who deny death in intermediary world and exception of a group from such a death, the present paper analyzes the related Quranic verses, uses relevant hadiths, and tries to prove that in addition to this worldly death which is related to all creatures in the natural world, men and immaterial creatures such as angels experience death in the intermediary world, resurrect and depart toward the Resurrection, except a group of saints who are immune from the death in the intermediary world and its hardships. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Study of the position of resurrection in the Shahnameh of Ferdowsi by looking at the verses of the Holy Qur'an
ali zatali Mohammad Reza Mohammad Reza QariThe debate about the post-death world is one of the most important issues. Poets and writers have not neglected this subject in different periods of Persian literature and paid attention to it in their works. Among these poets, Ferdowsi is a prominent poet and epic poet MoreThe debate about the post-death world is one of the most important issues. Poets and writers have not neglected this subject in different periods of Persian literature and paid attention to it in their works. Among these poets, Ferdowsi is a prominent poet and epic poet of Iran, who has paid attention to this issue in the place of Shahnameh. Although this valuable book has more mythological aspect and the sources used by the poet (mostly) of pre-Islamic oral stories, which have been transmitted from one generation to the next by chest to Ferdowsi and his followers , But since his poet, in addition to the aspects of storytelling and artistic creation, ... has considered the aspect of the torture and awareness of life in the world and then of the reader and the audience Prevents people from having friendship and heartfelt . He looks at the problem of death and the life of the future with a wise vision. Among the significant issues considered in the Shahnameh, and its speaker in ups and downs and happiness and failures, in wars and reconciliations, and ... has addressed it And this research is intended to investigate and address it. The discussion of human death and the certainty of the world after death (resurrection of thought) is in the eyes of the author of Shahnameh and its adaptation to the verses of the Qur'an. This research was conducted in a library study method and descriptive analytical method. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Study of the nature of death and the goals of praising death in Molana's view
Manouchehr KamariThe nature is a term that refers to the essence and nature of the objects and phenomena of the universe and accordingly, the meaning of the nature of death, is its truth. Death in public use means the inexistence of this universe and the end of life. But writers and sc MoreThe nature is a term that refers to the essence and nature of the objects and phenomena of the universe and accordingly, the meaning of the nature of death, is its truth. Death in public use means the inexistence of this universe and the end of life. But writers and scholars in different domains of thought, especially in the domain of mysticism and Sufism, have, from their point of view, explained the nature and concept of death, based on their attitude of the post-death world. In addition,Molana has a significant position in the field of poetry and mysticism. The praise of death and the conceptual relationship between the nature of death and life in his intellectual geometry with another form, been specially considered by him. He is not the first and the last person to strive to explain the nature of his death and praise. But praising the death with passion-centered and foreignization of its nature and its image, in addition to emphasizing the meaningful hidden attractions in the philosophy of life in the form of artistic imaginings, has a high and unparalleled frequency in his works. In this essay we have tried through precision and research in his perspective and based on his valuable works, especially the valuable book of Mathnawi, the nature of death, the goals and motives of praise of death and the story of his passion for dealing with this mysterious incident in addition to enumerate his sources of thought in this field, We will analyze and research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Satan's suspicious (From the point of view of theology)
masoumeh saeidOne of the questions raised in the field of belief and based on some theological differences is why God created Satan and gave him a long life to mislead all human beings until the Day of Judgment and if there was no world without evil It was better. This suspicion has MoreOne of the questions raised in the field of belief and based on some theological differences is why God created Satan and gave him a long life to mislead all human beings until the Day of Judgment and if there was no world without evil It was better. This suspicion has been raised by the devil himself in a hypothetical debate with angels. We examine it with a descriptive-analytical approach. The answer to this question is to speak of Satan's existence and its existential benefits to man and the material world and the benefits of evil and hardship in life. Also, the reason for giving the devil time off may be to the devil himself and increase his sins Or the reason for this is the emergence of more divine power for all human beings over time and the promotion of human status in the shadow of divine will and test. And what is certain is that all of this can be put together and does not contradict each other. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Looking at what death is and how to deal with it inhazin Lahiji's poetry
zohreh arab Abol-Ghasem Amir-Ahmadi Ali Eshghi SardehiThinking about death is a subject whose life span is as long as the history of human life; Almost no human being can be found who has not thought about death for hours in his or her life, and perhaps it can be said that few people, like poets and philosophers, have the MoreThinking about death is a subject whose life span is as long as the history of human life; Almost no human being can be found who has not thought about death for hours in his or her life, and perhaps it can be said that few people, like poets and philosophers, have the opportunity to express their views and feelings about death and their words Make history memorable. The poet, however, has a special place in this due to his artistic point of view; For this reason, in this article, Lahiji's sad thoughts and feelings about death were evaluated. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, he intends to critique and analyze nostalgia in his poems by examining and exploring Lahiji's sad life. Tired, the companion of loneliness and homelessness, is portrayed with a wealth of experiences of displacement and suffering caused by civil wars and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Comparative Study of Khayyami's ThoughtsIn the poems of Mohammad Reza Shafiei Kadkani and Abdul Wahab al-Bayati
ahmad Reza Nazari charvadeh masomeh nazaricharodeh: Hakim Omar Khayyam mathematicians, astronomers and poets called Iran Seljuk period. Although the scientific base Khayyam literary position is superior, But his reputation further by writing quatrains that in today's global reputation. Rubaiyat have been translated in More: Hakim Omar Khayyam mathematicians, astronomers and poets called Iran Seljuk period. Although the scientific base Khayyam literary position is superior, But his reputation further by writing quatrains that in today's global reputation. Rubaiyat have been translated into many languages, living And an English translation by Edward Fitzgerald in 1859 AD. Has brought her fame in the West. Rubaiyat impact on world literature, he has become a symbol of the philosophy of the East and poet intellectuals popular. Although exact numbers are not known Rubaiyat today, but the influence of Persian poetry of Khayyam was so profound that researchers called the situation "the idea Khayyami" trend. Khayyam thought that themes like Seizing the opportunity, Khvshbashy and Randy philosophical astonishment and perplexity to the mystery of existence, emphasizing the short and the passing of time and regret it, and will take refuge in forgetfulness Badە in contemporary Persian poetry and Arabic is clear. In the present study, the philosophical ideas in poetry Abdul Wahhab al-Bayati, love poet Omar Khayyam, look, it's the thought of Khayyam's poetry Mohammad Reza Shafi'i Kadkani that in terms of similarities and a lot to do with al-Bayati, have been compared. The results of this study the comparative approach and interpret the content of the poet's works have been carried out show that Khayyam is less than the depth of thought, both poet and understanding of the thinking of the philosophical al-Bayati Shafi'I preferred kadkani. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Belief in the Other World in Pre-Historic Iran (A Philosophical Analysis based on Archeological Proofs)
Atousa MoemeniFollowing the growth of human sciences, archeology, as one of the materialist and spiritual branches of human sciences, has recently been seeking to learn about the quality of the formation, continuity, and change of early societies. It has been doing so on the basis of MoreFollowing the growth of human sciences, archeology, as one of the materialist and spiritual branches of human sciences, has recently been seeking to learn about the quality of the formation, continuity, and change of early societies. It has been doing so on the basis of tangible and intangible proofs and through investigating the development of thoughts, cultures, traditions, and beliefs of such societies. Moreover, archeologists aim to perceive this process of change and development alongside rational and logical findings in relation to human worldviews as an everlasting treasure which has lingered since pre-history until now. Death and its life-related and ontological dimensions in different cultures and societies have always been among the most fundamental problems attracting the attention of human beings all over the world. In fact, humans are essentially living beings who are always thinking about death and have continually kept their connection with this concept in the course of history. Archeological proofs represent the most tangible legacy of death-related thoughts and demonstrate people’s attention and sensitivity to death, which are themselves rooted in their philosophy of the other world. In the present paper, the author has tried to deal with the philosophy of death and Man’s thanatoptic nature during the second and first millennia BC based on some archeological diggings in an Iron Age cemetery (which represents a specific age and a region with a rich ancient history and culture). She has also sought to particularly study burial traditions and their changes along with their underlying ideological foundations. In this way, with references to certain archeological studies and discovered artifacts in field excavations, the author hopes to shed some light on Man’s awareness of death and their beliefs in relation to the world after death and analyze the transfer of such thoughts and all their evolving dimensions to the next generations based on rational and logical principles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Ontological Analysis of Different Types of Resurrection and their Relationship with Death in the View of Sayyid Ḥaydar Āmulī
Fatemeh Kookaram Abdullah Salavati Einollah KhademiResurrection commonly refers to objective resurrection, the details of which have been explained in divine religions. However, some gnostics such as Sayyid Ḥaydar Āmulī have presented and elucidated different types of resurrection based on spiritual and subjective inter MoreResurrection commonly refers to objective resurrection, the details of which have been explained in divine religions. However, some gnostics such as Sayyid Ḥaydar Āmulī have presented and elucidated different types of resurrection based on spiritual and subjective interpretations of this concept. He refers to some resurrections which are mostly connected with voluntary death. This study mainly focuses on the question of what the relationships between death and different types of resurrection are. The findings of the investigation indicate that Sayyid Ḥaydar Āmulī divides resurrection into objective and subjective types and then divides each into two formal and spiritual categories. Later he classifies each formal and spiritual form into minor, middle, and major types and; hence, refers to 12 types of resurrection. In other, words, in his view, resurrection is of various types, most of which are related to voluntary death. He maintains that Man should die a voluntary death in order to witness different forms of resurrection. The findings of this study also show that the death Āmulī discusses leads to Man’s continuity; frees them from the limits of this-worldly life; expands their worldview; opens new horizons before them, and grants depth to their life, their selves, and their insight. A human being who does not seek a voluntary death and lives a worldly life is, in a sense, a dwarf or insignificant person. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - An Analysis of Resurrection and its Relationship with Voluntary Death in Mulla Sadra
leila pourakbar Einollah KhademiThe present paper provides an analysis of the meaning of resurrection and its relationship with voluntary death in Mulla Sadra’s view. Resurrection is of five types, two types of which, the Lesser and Greater Soulish Resurrections, are among the stages of voluntary deat MoreThe present paper provides an analysis of the meaning of resurrection and its relationship with voluntary death in Mulla Sadra’s view. Resurrection is of five types, two types of which, the Lesser and Greater Soulish Resurrections, are among the stages of voluntary death. The soulish type of resurrection involves the ontological changes of the soul which occur at different stages of voluntary death. Its initial stage is called the Lesser Soulish Resurrection, and its final stage is called the Greater Soulish Resurrection. Through benefitting from his fundamental metaphysical principles, such as the principiality of existence, graded unity of being, individuation of being, ontological motion, corporeal origination and spiritual subsistence of the soul, and the union of the intellect and intelligible, Mulla Sadra analyzes the different types of resurrection. He believes that going through the stages of practical mystic journey is necessary for the realization of the Lesser Soulish Resurrection. In his view, the Greater Soulish Resurrection means attaining the station of mortality. This station can be analyzed within the two systems of the graded unity and individual unity of being. In the system of the graded unity of being, in the course of the graded ontological motion, the soul reaches the station of approximation to God after going through the stages of sensation, imagination, and intellection. Later it reaches the station of fixity after change or survival after annihilation. Within the system of the individual unity of being, Man’s being is the same as relation to God’s being, and they see Almighty Truth manifested in truths. At this station, the individual becomes the manifestation of the names describing the beauty and glory of the Truth and reflects all these names in their acts. In fact, a wayfarer whose Greater Resurrection has been actualized in the world experiences all kinds of annihilation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Voluntary Death in the View of Seyyed Ḥaydar Āmulī: A Gnostic and Psychological Analysis
Fatemeh Kookaram Abdullah Salavati Einollah KhademiThis study investigates voluntary death and its different types in the view of Seyyed Ḥaydar Āmulī and aims to provide a gnostic, psychological, and philosophical analysis of the issue. The authors believe that each type of voluntary death is a kind of practical wayfari MoreThis study investigates voluntary death and its different types in the view of Seyyed Ḥaydar Āmulī and aims to provide a gnostic, psychological, and philosophical analysis of the issue. The authors believe that each type of voluntary death is a kind of practical wayfaring. The main question of this study is how one can provide a gnostic and psychological analysis of different types of death as viewed by Seyyed Ḥaydar Āmulī. The findings of this study indicate that the common feature of all types of death is detaching oneself from worldly belongings and moving away from them. Examples are different and could include moving away from hunger, wearing specific clothes, etc. As mentioned before, this study provides a gnostic and psychological analysis of voluntary death; for example, green death means wearing cheap clothes. Therefore, by avoiding expensive and luxurious clothes, the wayfarer dies a voluntary death. Green is the symbol of balance and subsistence, and the wayfarer attains balance and immortality through voluntary death and keeping away from worldly whims and desires. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Supplier evaluation by a new cumulative DEA model
رویا سلطانی Saeed Yousefi Ali asghar TofighSupplier selection is the main concern of managers in today’s competitive world. Having different criteria makes this decision difficult. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique that can evaluate suppliers based on different criteria. In this paper, suppliers are MoreSupplier selection is the main concern of managers in today’s competitive world. Having different criteria makes this decision difficult. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a technique that can evaluate suppliers based on different criteria. In this paper, suppliers are evaluated based on a new cumulative DEA model. The proposed model has five features of robustness in measurement unit, uniformity, robustness against movement, dependency to the universal set and lack of sensitivity to zero input values. The performance of the proposed model is investigated on a case study taken from a doors and windows manufacturing company and the results show the five considered features. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - طراحي مدل سیستم خدمات انعطاف پذیر FSS در نظام بانکی
freshte amin -
Open Access Article
23 - Solve the issue of project scheduling in a steady state with resource constraints and timing of delivery intervals
Meysam Jafari Eskandari rozbeh azizmohammadiDue to considering the real conditions of project and solving manager’s problems, the primary methods development of scheduling for projects has recently drawn researcher’s attentions so that these methods are looking for finding optimal sequence to realize project goal MoreDue to considering the real conditions of project and solving manager’s problems, the primary methods development of scheduling for projects has recently drawn researcher’s attentions so that these methods are looking for finding optimal sequence to realize project goals and to provide its constraints such as dependence, resource constraint (renewable and non-renewable). The importance of these issues has practically and theoretically led researchers to do much efforts on different conditions of issues for project schedule, various methods to solve and or to develop each of them. In this research based on selection of some executive methods for any activity with renewable and non-renewable resource and considering prerequisite relation from kind of start to end and having delivery time for any activity in two time periods that has been provided with regard to delivery time of penalty cost with delay or without delay. The presented model has been solved in small scale by gams software and in small, medium and large scale using meta-heuristic Methods of NSGA ll and cuckoo after coding in software of matlab 2013. The comparison of the answer obtained from the above algorithm indicates the better performance of genetic algorithm in most indexes and cuckoo algorithm has superiority on time index of problem solving. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Finite and Continuous Control Sets in Two Functional Quarters
ehsan ghasemi madani Mohammad Reza Alizadeh Pahlavani Arash Dehestani KolagarIn this paper, two schemes of model predictive control (MPC) method, named finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) and dead-beat model predictive control (DB-MPC) as a continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) are applied and compared to co MoreIn this paper, two schemes of model predictive control (MPC) method, named finite control set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) and dead-beat model predictive control (DB-MPC) as a continuous control set model predictive control (CCS-MPC) are applied and compared to control the current of a permanent magnet synchronous machine in energy recovery mode for the use of electric vehicles. The FCS-MPC strategy selects the optimal voltage vector and applies the control pulses directly to the inverter without using any modulators. In other side, DB-MPC is implemented through space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). The performance and results of both types of control strategies are extracted and compared using MATLAB Simulink software. The comparisons are made mainly in steady state and transient modes. Both control strategies are applied to a permanent magnet synchronous machine with the same parameters and with the same operating mode. The results show that the current steady state fluctuation is further reduced in the DB-MPC strategy and the transient state response is faster in the FCS-MPC strategy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - A New Heuristic for Deadlock Detection in Safety Analysis of Software Systems
عین الله پیراThe safety analysis of software systems, especially safety-critical ones, should be performed exactly because even a minor failure in these systems may result in disaster consequences. Also, such analysis must be done before implementation, i.e. the design step and in t MoreThe safety analysis of software systems, especially safety-critical ones, should be performed exactly because even a minor failure in these systems may result in disaster consequences. Also, such analysis must be done before implementation, i.e. the design step and in the model level. Model checking is an exact and mathematical-based way that gets a model of a system and analyzes it through exploring all reachable states of the model. Due to the complexity of some systems and their models, this way may face the state space explosion problem, i.e. it cannot explore all available states. A solution to solve this problem in these systems is that model checking tries to refute them, instead of verifying them, by finding errors such as deadlock (if available).Although, a heuristic has been previously proposed to find a deadlock in the model's state space and it has been applied in several simple heuristic search and evolutionary algorithms, its detection speed has been low. In this paper, we propose a novel heuristic to detect a deadlock in the model's state space, and test and compare its detection speed by applying it in several simple heuristic search algorithms such as iterative deepening A*, beam search, and evolutionary algorithms such as genetic, particle swarm optimization, and Bayesian optimization. Comparison results confirm that the new heuristic can detect a deadlock in less time than the previous heuristic. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Social and cultural impact assessment of city of Tehran’s homeless shelters
سمیه مومنی هادی درویشیThe purpose of the study is to assess social and cultural impacts of Homeless Housing Assistance Center of Tehran Naft District 5th District Municipality And providing Corrective and compensatory solutions to make this project work better. The descriptive-analytical met MoreThe purpose of the study is to assess social and cultural impacts of Homeless Housing Assistance Center of Tehran Naft District 5th District Municipality And providing Corrective and compensatory solutions to make this project work better. The descriptive-analytical method has been used with stakeholder analysis approach to achieve this goal. On the one hand, it can be said the negative impact of Farahzad Valley’s neighborhoods on the function and the image of the businessman by regarding the geographical scope of the impact of the surrounding environment of Homeless Housing Assistance Center On its function as The main focus of the social damage is the Naft area By creating urban defenseless spaces, The presence of homeless people And trash exacerbation On the function and the image of Homeless Housing Assistance Center And on the other hand, in the social domain, one can claim that If one of the main goals of the construction of Homeless Housing Assistance Center is to prevent the deaths of addicted and homeless people in public roads and to preserve urban furniture and to eliminate these people from the city’s face rather than rehabilitation, The findings and data of the research indicate the success of the 5th District Municipality in creating a comfortable dormitory space for clients. But, in the end, two main damage to the function of the Homeless Housing Assistance Center can be identified: 1. becoming Homeless Housing Assistance Center to Permanent residence of clients and their precipitate and 2. Discontinuing the Empowerment Cycle of Clients and as a result the loss of Retrospective nature of the collection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Trans-Substantial Motion of the Soul and its Consequences in the Sadrian Study of the Soul
Rouhollah Souri Hamed KomijaniThe soul goes through elemental, natural, mineral, vegetative, animal (Ideal immateriality), and rational (intellectual immateriality) stages in the cradle of its fluid existence. Therefore, the soul’s belonging to the body is a part of its identity and, thus, it can be MoreThe soul goes through elemental, natural, mineral, vegetative, animal (Ideal immateriality), and rational (intellectual immateriality) stages in the cradle of its fluid existence. Therefore, the soul’s belonging to the body is a part of its identity and, thus, it can be said that the soul is a material-immaterial substance. Given the existential fluidity of the soul, Mullā Ṣadrā has reinterpreted its various characteristics. Accordingly, the soul’s faculties are levels of its continuous truth that flourish one after each other. Moreover, natural death is the result of the soul’s ontological gradedness and losing interest in elemental body. At some stages of this ontological becoming, the soul attains immateriality and, hence, its survival after death become necessary. Because gradedness and, as a result, attaining immateriality are essential to the soul, its incarnation and return to elemental body is unjustifiable. Therefore, after death, the soul begins its purgatorial life in an Ideal body that is created based on its moral habits, and the natural form that is created in the matter of elemental body opens the path towards purgatorial perfection before it. One of the most important consequences of the soul’s trans-substantial motion is its entrance into divine worlds and annihilation in active, attributive, and essential oneness. Interestingly enough, based on the trans-substantial motion, this significant achievement is possible at the moment of the soul’s belonging to elemental body and is not necessarily limited to the moment of occurrence of natural death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - Discourse Analysis: Ideology or Method? Reflections on the Philosophical-Ideological Foundations of Michel Foucault's Discourse Analysis
Mari Eftekharzade Farhad soleiman-nezhadIn this paper, it will be argued that, contrary to the prevailing practice in Iran from the mid-1990s to the present, Michel Foucault's Discourse Analysis (FDA) cannot be used separatelyas a mere method in various fields of humanities andwithout considering its philosop MoreIn this paper, it will be argued that, contrary to the prevailing practice in Iran from the mid-1990s to the present, Michel Foucault's Discourse Analysis (FDA) cannot be used separatelyas a mere method in various fields of humanities andwithout considering its philosophical-ideological bases. FDA stems from his particular ideological perspective of the course of modern times from the renaissance to the end of the enlightenment (14th to the 18th century) and derives from particular philosophical and ontological sources that Foucault deeply believed them. In other words, there is an organic unity between FDA, as a method, and its philosophical content, and the fact that Foucault turned to Discourse Analysis and adopted it as a seemingly new method in analyzing the history of the new age was notarbitrary but a deliberate choice. In fact, it came from his own philosophical logic; alogic that is consistent with G. W. F. Hegelian historicism, which Foucault ostensibly opposed.Hegelianism, with its deterministic logic, develops an organic view of history that is consistent with Foucault's structural and institutional view of power. . On the other hand, Hegelian historicism does not place importance on the role of humans in the formation of historical events, and this feature is also fully compatible with Foucault's theory of the subject's death.Thus, one can use Foucault's discourse analysis only as a method of analyzing various subjects if one firmly believes in its ideological foundations, such as the death of man. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
29 - Mullā Ṣadrā’s Strategies for Reducing Death Anxiety and its Philosophical Principles
Manouchehr Shaminezhad Hossein Atrak Mohsen JahedThe present study investigates Mullā Ṣadrā’s strategies for treating death anxiety and its philosophical foundations. It also aims to suggest some philosophical and ontological strategies to decrease modern Man’s anxiety when thinking about death based on some of Mullā MoreThe present study investigates Mullā Ṣadrā’s strategies for treating death anxiety and its philosophical foundations. It also aims to suggest some philosophical and ontological strategies to decrease modern Man’s anxiety when thinking about death based on some of Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophical principles, such as the principiality of existence, the union of the intellect with intelligible, the trans-substantial motion, theism, religiosity, and believing in the Hereafter. According to Sadrian philosophy, Man’s life is meaningful and purposeful, and being has been created based on divine emanation. The human soul is corporeally-originated; however, its essence changes because of its union with the intelligible and its own trans-substantial motion and attains higher levels of being though going through different existential grades. This developmental move continues until reaching the origin of being and does not end with death. It also grants meaning to Man’s life and decreases their death anxiety. Mullā Ṣadrā is an existential philosopher who advocates a supernaturalist, theistic, and procedural approach to death. The reality of death in Mullā Ṣadrā’s philosophy is a part of Man’s process of existential development. Some of the strategies that can be inferred from his philosophy to reduce death anxiety include following a teleological approach to the world, being’s view of God as pure connection, believing in the Hereafter and Man’s resurrection after corporeal death, advocating ontological evolution, and having a developmental view of death. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - The principle of freedom of contract in dealing with its limitations
elham ahmadi bani -
Open Access Article
31 - Confronting death from Quranic and Psychological viewpoints
حميدرضا ايمانی فرObjectives: death has complicated meaning that can be along with abundant pain and suffering. Comparing psychologists view about the way to face with pain and suffering death view with the Holy Qur’an that based on Muslim thoughts describing the most comprehensive(Maida MoreObjectives: death has complicated meaning that can be along with abundant pain and suffering. Comparing psychologists view about the way to face with pain and suffering death view with the Holy Qur’an that based on Muslim thoughts describing the most comprehensive(Maidah, 3) and moderate (Baqarah, 143) life styles and approves the principles of all divine religions(Nisa, 162)- views can be greatly noticeable. Methods: With Library Research Methodology, the death was examined by psychology point of view and with the content analysis, the death concept was extracted from Quran point of view as far as time and ability permitted to do so. Results: Both views emphasized to human trend for eternity and death fear and admit that the kind of emotional reactions in facing death and its acceptance in people is completely related to actions, Behaviors, thoughts, personality structures, and his ability to face last problem and difficulties during his life. But the most important difference of these two views is their belief and disbelief in after death life that causes to differentiate in operational defining of death quality, treatment goals, and the style of facing with death. Conclusion: psychology is trying to reduce pain and suffering of dying patients with different psychologicaltechniques and advice to reduction level of consciousness and palliative care, Althoughit has been succeeded in physical pain reduction, but In reducing psychological suffer always is along with problems, as they had no theory for eternal life. In contrast, The Holy Qur’an not only agrees with the reduction physical pain, but also, It has theory for eternal life. Despite the fact that his pain and suffering reduction comparing to the hugeness of resurrection day (Zumar, 13) is of second importance and The final goal of working with dying patients- advising to will and religion tasks have not been done - is their preparation for doom journey, It is able to decrease psychological suffering reduce better than views contemporary psychology views that has been built according to the principle of the pleasure and secular culture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
32 - Analytical study of Haft Khan Esfandiar's connection with shamanism, initiation and the world of the dead
Ali Farzane Qasrodashti mahmood rezaei dasht arjaneh Farrokh HajianiEliade believes the ritual travels of heroes is one of the main themes of epics. On the other hand, Iran is one of the most influential societies in shamanic rituals and shamanic manifestations are seen in many Iranian epics. Esfandiar's Haftankhan is one of the example MoreEliade believes the ritual travels of heroes is one of the main themes of epics. On the other hand, Iran is one of the most influential societies in shamanic rituals and shamanic manifestations are seen in many Iranian epics. Esfandiar's Haftankhan is one of the examples of the connection between Iranian epics and shamanic rituals which includes the basics of ritual travel. In this story, Gogsar is a symbol of the novice guide shaman and the stories of Haftkhan are symbols of initiation, the arrival of the learned hero in the associations and his journey to the dead's world to bring back the souls of the sisters. In this article, an attempt is made to compare the manifestations of the initiation ritual in this story by comparatively checking the stories of Esfandiar's Haftkhan with the shamanic passage rites and show why this story is his initiation. The article will also show that Esfandiar in the third stage passed the rites of initiation successfully. And the stories that follow are a description of his journey to the underworld to restore the soul. This task was performed by shamans in ancient societis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
33 - A Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Logotherapy with Acceptance & Commitment Therapy on Death Anxiety and Quality of Life in Women with Breast Surgery Experience
Narges Shamsozan Nasrin Kashefimehr hadi AkbariNejhadThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of logotherapy with acceptance & commitment therapy on death anxiety and quality of life in women with breast surgery experience.This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with MoreThe purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of logotherapy with acceptance & commitment therapy on death anxiety and quality of life in women with breast surgery experience.This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with follow-up. The study population consisted of all women with breast cancer who were undergoing postmastectomy radiotherapy in Tabriz in 2021. In total, 45 women were selected by a purposive sampling method, and divided into three groups, 15 each. The ntervention groups received their respective treatments over 8 sessions of 1.5 hours. The control group did not receive any intervention. The measuring instruments were Templer death anxiety and quality of life questionnaires. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results showed that logotherapy and a acceptance & commitment therapy in comparison with the control group, in the post-test, reduce death anxiety and increase quality of life of women with breast surgery experience, and these results also show a lasting effect in the follow-up stage. Also, these results also show a lasting effect in the follow-up stage. The results also showed that the effect of these two treatments on death anxiety and quality of life in the post-test and follow-up stages were not different. Logotherapy and acceptance & commitment therapy Reduces the death anxiety and increases the quality of life in women with breast surgery experience. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
34 - fear of death in philosophy of epicurus
Seyednima Salehi Ahmad asgarithis is a philosophy paper about epicurus and what is his philosophy of death and why he thinks that death is nothing to fear and his arguments for this thesis. our problem here is that first to know that what exactly is the epicurus thesis and why it can be enterpreted Morethis is a philosophy paper about epicurus and what is his philosophy of death and why he thinks that death is nothing to fear and his arguments for this thesis. our problem here is that first to know that what exactly is the epicurus thesis and why it can be enterpreted differently second we want to know that why he thinks what he thinks and at the end we want to know that who were his predecessors in the philosophical and cultural context in general. this work is important because if we interpret it without knowing its context it can be misleading and we may think that we know what he says but we are wrong. main problems of this paper are what is the foundations of epicurus thesis that fear of death is unjustified and wether his argument for this is sound or not? we see that in philosophy of epicurus soul is mortal and this means that death is annihilation. despite this is not the reason for not being happy but fear of death is actually an obstacle to happiness for this reason he thinks that fear of death is unjustified and say to us how we should face death. in this paper first we try to understand the thesis in the cultural and philosophical context and history of it and then we try to show that the fear of death is distinguished from fear of dying to clarify what epicurus argument really says. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Fear of Death in Epicurean Philosophy
Ahmad Asgari Seyednima SalehiThis study investigates the basic principles and arguments of Epicurean philosophy in relation to the baselessness of fear of death and whether his reasoning in this regard is justified. In Epicurus’ philosophy, the soul is mortal and, thus, death means annihilation. He MoreThis study investigates the basic principles and arguments of Epicurean philosophy in relation to the baselessness of fear of death and whether his reasoning in this regard is justified. In Epicurus’ philosophy, the soul is mortal and, thus, death means annihilation. He believes that although this idea does not negate happiness, fear of death impedes happiness. Hence, he provides some arguments to prove that it is unjustified and explains the correct way of encountering death. Here, while presenting a new interpretation of Epicurean view of fear of death, the author tries to propound and evaluate his views and arguments in the cultural and philosophical context of this problem and emphasizes that one must make a distinction between “fear of the process of dying” and “fear of being dead” in order to clearly understand the Epicurean view in this regard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - The Relationship between the Personal Values and Death Anxiety among MS Patients
Omid Hamidi masoud gholamali lavasaniThe purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the personal values, and death anxiety among MS patients in Tehran. For this purpose 167 patients (103 female, 64 male) from the Tehran MS Society were selected by random sampling. The instruments used MoreThe purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the personal values, and death anxiety among MS patients in Tehran. For this purpose 167 patients (103 female, 64 male) from the Tehran MS Society were selected by random sampling. The instruments used in this study were the Schwartz Value Scale (SVS) and the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Multivariable regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, and t-test for comparisons between female and male patients were used for data analysis. The results showed that there are significant correlation between personal values and death anxiety and there are significant negative correlations between all subscales of personal values (except for power) with death anxiety. In the prioritization of values, there are significant differences between men and women. Also from the morphological values, conformity, achievement, universalism, and tradition can significantly predict death anxiety. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - Transcendence and Man’s Existential Width in the Ontological Systems of Mullā Ṣadrā and Heidegger
Fatemeh Ghadimi Paindeh Monireh Sayyid Mazhari Zeinab Sadat MirshamsiHeidegger has provided some innovative interpretations regarding several topics particularly in relation to human existence. His views about human beings are comparable to those of Mullā Ṣadrā in certain respects. One of them is their belief in man’s transcendence and e MoreHeidegger has provided some innovative interpretations regarding several topics particularly in relation to human existence. His views about human beings are comparable to those of Mullā Ṣadrā in certain respects. One of them is their belief in man’s transcendence and existential width. Both thinkers maintain that man is not an entity imprisoned in itself; man, who is the source of many possibilities and is aware of them, is subject to “becoming” and can become what they are not at the present time. In other words, man can go beyond the existing situation and attain transcendence. Although there is a similarity in this regard between the thoughts of these two thinkers, it should be considered that in Mullā Ṣadrā’s ontological system, the human soul, owing to its essential immateriality, always enjoys a perception and understanding of its identity as connected to an unlimited being and infinite truth. The human soul, which entails the whole limits of being in itself, tries to grant meaning to its existence through gaining proximity and similarity to that infinite truth in the course of traversing its out-of-itself stages. The soul’s developmental journey for reaching the ultra-rational stage also continues after death. By contrast, in Heidegger’s ontological system, truth is based on Dasein, whose being real indicates that it is the only existence in the world. It also means that, without being connected to a mysterious and transcendent power, Dasein always possesses a pre-knowledge of everything that comprises the world and continually perceives things with no cover at highest levels of clarity. Therefore, Dasein relies on itself in transcendence, the continuation of which is motivated by actualizing its existential possibilities until it dies. Death is the last existential possibility of Dasein upon which it attains its end. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - Indigenous model of commercialization of complex technologies based on partnership in the ICT sector
Mahdi Fardinia Fatemeh saghafi Jalal Haghighat MonfaredThe ICT industry is one of the most complex industries with superior technologies. Sustainable growth of companies in this industry is ensured by successful commercialization, which due to the complexity of the field, knowledge sharing between companies is essential. A MoreThe ICT industry is one of the most complex industries with superior technologies. Sustainable growth of companies in this industry is ensured by successful commercialization, which due to the complexity of the field, knowledge sharing between companies is essential. A careful review of the literature showed that there is no model for how to succeed in commercialization and its relationship with interorganizational participation in the ICT sector. Therefore, this issue was determined as the goal of the research. By reviewing the research background; Factors affecting the success of participation-based commercialization including internal and external drivers, participation, esources, dynamic capabilities, executive mechanisms and extraction performance were drawn in the form of a conceptual model. Then, by studying multy-case study, technological projects of ICT Research Institute, including (Antivirus Padvish, Native search engine project, SOC native operations center, communication equipment POTN) and content analysis, main and secondary themes of the model were extracted. Then, using a focus group consisting of experts, the results were validated and themes (propositions) were confirmed. The relationship between the components was also confirmed in the panel of experts. The final model is a combination of these factors that, according to the indigenous experiences of Iran, has led to the success of commercialization and can be the basis for policy-making for successful knowledge-based products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Modern Immortality in the Teenage Novel (Case Study of Novels:"SanjābMahiy-e aziz"and "Shekārchi-ye Koose-yekar")
Fatemeh Hadideh Mona ValipourThe domination of science in the modern era and the effort to have a realistic attitude to all aspects of life have made people today unable to adopt the solutions of the ancients (such as eschatologicalimmortality) to face death. By examining different types of pre-mod MoreThe domination of science in the modern era and the effort to have a realistic attitude to all aspects of life have made people today unable to adopt the solutions of the ancients (such as eschatologicalimmortality) to face death. By examining different types of pre-modern immortality, including ancestral, cultural, mystical, mythological, and eschatological, the present article has shown that their common components, i.e., communalness, certainty, and imagination, are almost opposite to the components of modern immortality. The components of modern immortality, which include individuality, uncertainty, memory (as opposed to the imagination), and the concept of eternal nature, are prominent in teenage novels of the 1390s. This research first reviewed the stages and tasks of mourning. While checking and determining the components of pre-modern and modern immortality, it has been showed the correspondence of each stage of mourning with different types of immortality. Then, relying on the novels of "SanjābMahiy-e aziz "and "Shekārchi-ye Koose-ye kar", the issue of death and the role of pre-modern and modern immortality are investigated in advancing the storyline, accepting another's death, and completing the tasks of mourning by the characters. It should be noted that the analysis of samples is based on qualitative content analysis with a descriptive-interpretive approach. The research results show that in both novels, resorting to pre-modern immortality components traps the characters in the initial stages of mourning, i.e. denial, searching, and bargaining. In contrast, the maturity of the characters with the completion of mourning tasks and reaching the stage of improvement and organization through the components of Modern immortality (centered on memory in the novel "SanjābMahiy-e aziz "and eternal nature in the novel "Shekārchi-ye Koose-ye kar" is realized. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Pleasure and ethics
alireza alebouyeh ali reza SHeikhUndoubtedly, hedonism can completely encompass human life and give it a hedonistic meaning and concept. This issue has caused the question to be raised, to what extent is hedonism morally correct? And in the field of theory, what relation can it have with ethics? Can he MoreUndoubtedly, hedonism can completely encompass human life and give it a hedonistic meaning and concept. This issue has caused the question to be raised, to what extent is hedonism morally correct? And in the field of theory, what relation can it have with ethics? Can hedonism be justified and moral? The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical. The findings of the research indicate that the relationship between ethics and hedonism is drawn from the way of examining the idealism of pleasure and the nature of hedonism . Despite the fact that a group of moral philosophers have gone so far as to consider pleasure as an intrinsic good and consider the criterion of moral value and moral judgment to be dependent on it and have organized hedonistic ethics; But pleasure cannot be an intrinsic good and the criterion of moral value, and hedonistic actions can be considered moral only in some cases. According to Islamic teachings, Although pleasure is not an evil thing and the pleasures of the afterlife are real and original; However, it is not the ultimate purpose. Manuscript profile
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