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Open Access Article
1 - Investigation of geochemistry of minor and trace elements (rare earths) in the base metal vein mineralization Yaralujeh area (NW Ahar - East Azarbaijan)
Zohreh Jabarzadeh Mehadi Moradi Moayyed Zargar FaramarziThe Yaralujeh vein index is located about 40 km NW of Ahar, East Azarbaijan. Based on geochemical studies, the original host rock is microdioritic in composition with calc – alkaline character, situated in an active continental margin volcanic arc. The mineralization i MoreThe Yaralujeh vein index is located about 40 km NW of Ahar, East Azarbaijan. Based on geochemical studies, the original host rock is microdioritic in composition with calc – alkaline character, situated in an active continental margin volcanic arc. The mineralization is occurred as disseminated, stockwork and veins - veinlets containing quartz, carbonate and sulfide minerals in altered subvolcanic rocks (microdiorite). Pyrite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite are the most important sulfide minerals in this area. The most important alerations in this area are sericitic and carbonatization, and the main alteration minerals are quartz, sericite, illite, albite, kaolinite, leucoxene, pyrite and late carbonates. Bivariate diagrams of Ba + Sr vs. Ce + Y + La and Zr vs. TiO2 and also values less than one for TiO2 indicate a hypogenic origin for altered fluids. The spider diagrams of REEs, normalized to both chondrite and average upper continental crust, show differentiation of LREE from HREE and depletion of LREE relative to average upper continental crust. Based on geochemical indicators such as Hf / Sm, Nb / La and Th / La and LREE enriched relative to the HREE, the most important ion complexes transition metal are Cl- complexes. Ce, Eu and Pr (Eu/Eu*, Ce/Ce*, Pr/Pr*) anomalies in ore-bearing vein and host rock indicates near-neutral pH in a redox environment for the alteration fluids in Yaralujeh Index. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Geology, alteration, mineralization and geochemical study in copper mine, Golcheshmeh Area, South of Neyshbour
Fatemeh Najmi Mazaheri Saeid saadat Azam EntezariThe Golcheshmeh copper deposit is located in the NE of Iran (south of Neyshabour) at the margin of Sabzevar Structural Zone. Based on geological and labratory studies, the outcroped rocks consist of Eocene volcanic rocks such as andesite, basaltic- andesite and basalt t MoreThe Golcheshmeh copper deposit is located in the NE of Iran (south of Neyshabour) at the margin of Sabzevar Structural Zone. Based on geological and labratory studies, the outcroped rocks consist of Eocene volcanic rocks such as andesite, basaltic- andesite and basalt that associated with the sedimentary and volcanosedimentry rocks including limestone, tuff and breccia. The alteration hosted andesitic layers include carbonatization, propylitization and less argilic and sericitic alterations. The carbonatization zone is the most important alteration in this area. Mineralization mainly occurs in Eocene or younger volcanic rocks as vein- veinlets, amygdaloidal fillings and some replacement and disseminated styles. According to the minerallographical studies, the main ores which contain copper are divided into oxide and sulfide types. Mineralization mainly consists of oxide phases and can be seen as contamination of fracture surfaces and filling pores or voids in the host rocks. The main oxide minerals are malachite, azurite and chrysocolla, and sulfide minerals are chalcocite, covellite, with some minor pyrite, chalcopyrite, bornite, digenit and also native copper. Chalcocite is the most abundant ore sulfide in this area. There are probably two generations of sulfides, the first generation is a primary ore that was formed directly in joints, cracks, and fractures from the ore-containing solution and currently is replaced by covellites; and, the second generation is chalcocite that was probably formed from the conversion of bornite and chalcopyrite through substitution under supergene conditions. In most cases, the observed intergrowth between copper ores suggests the multi-stage mineralization in this region. Geochemical studies of minor and trace elements indicate that the igneous rocks in this region are characterized by the calc-alkaline basalt characteristics and, in terms of tectonic setting, could be attributed to subduction zone-related continental arc magmatism. Moreover, based on the performed geochemical analyses, the copper grade in the region varies from 13668 to 164000 g/ton. On the basis of the results of this study and with respect to some evidences such as tectonic setting, host rock type, structure and texture of ore body, mineral paragenesis, shape of the ore body and associated elements, this area is compared to Manto type deposit located in Chile. Though there are some differences, it is suggested that golcheshmeh copper mine is classified in Cu- Manto type deposit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Petrography, mineralography, geochemistry and calculation of elemental mass changes during hydrothermal alteration of Spid iron skarn ore deposit (West of Qom)
Nima Rahimi حسن میرنژاد Maryam Sheibi Mohamad Hassan Karamian Alireza HoseinyanSpid iron ore deposit is situated in the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc and is located 60 km West of Qom. The host rock varies in composition from diorite, quartz diorite to monzo diorite, and has been altered by the influence of hydrothermal fluids. The most important or MoreSpid iron ore deposit is situated in the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc and is located 60 km West of Qom. The host rock varies in composition from diorite, quartz diorite to monzo diorite, and has been altered by the influence of hydrothermal fluids. The most important ore in the deposit is primary hematite (oligist) which is associated with pyrite, limonite, goethite, malachite and azurite. The most dominant alteration types in the Spid iron deposit are propylitic and argillic, identified by the presence of chlorite, epidote, carbonate, titanite, clay minerals and sericite. Grant Isocon method has been employed to study the behavior of elements and to calculate mass changes during hydrothermal alteration processes. The mass change calculations show that Fe2O3, MgO, K2O and LOI have been enriched, whereas P2O5, TiO2, Na2O and SiO2 have been depleted during propylitic alteration. The depletion of elements in this alteration points to the decomposition of primary minerals of the host rock, the presence CO2 rich solutions and the increase of fluid/rocks ratio during the development of the alteration system. During argillic alteration, SiO2, K2O, Na2O and P2O5 increased and TiO2, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO and LOI decreased. The increase in Na in this zone can be ascribed to the acidification of the plagioclase and its albitization, and the reduction of Fe and Mg results from the alteration of ferro-magnesin minerals such as amphibole, and the release of Fe in alterative solutions and outflow from the environment. Chemical index of alteration calculated for propylitic and argillic alteration zones are equal to 58.76 and 55.94 percent respectively, suggesting that propylitic alteration was more intense in the Spid ore deposit. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Separating alteration units in the Takht-e-Gonbad district using via comparing two classification methods of Support vector machine and maximum likelihood,
Davoud Nazari neda mahvash mohammadi Adabi Mohammad Ghavidel-Syooki haniyeh kalaniSeparation of alteration units has an important role in exploration of ore deposits. In the past, classical methods were used for this purpose. Recently, the support vector machine (SVM), one of the most important data driven models, has been applied for geological purp MoreSeparation of alteration units has an important role in exploration of ore deposits. In the past, classical methods were used for this purpose. Recently, the support vector machine (SVM), one of the most important data driven models, has been applied for geological purpose. This algorithm is a useful learning system based on constrained optimization theory. In this study, the SVM algorithm with various kernels and maximum likelihood method were used to separate the alteration units of the Takht-e-Gonbad district situated in Chahar Gonbad sheet by using satellite images of the ASTER sensor. The results were analyzed and evaluated according to the field studies. Based on the achieved results and field studies, the SVM method with the RBF kernel function compared to other kernels and the maximum likelihood method had the highest accuracy (89.17%) and kappa coefficient (0.83). Thus, the SVM method for classification of alteration is more accurate compared to other discussed methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Geology, mineralogy, alteration and potential of Lakhshak deposit, the Sistan suture zone based on geophysical studies (IP/RS)
نسیم حیدریان دهکردی شجاعالدین نیرومند شهرام ادیب Hossein Ali Tajeddin Saeid MirzaeiLakhshak deposit is located 28 km northwest of Zahedan in the Sistan suture zone. The rocks in the Lakhshak area predominantly consist of Eocene volcanosedimentary and metamorphosed (greenshist facies) rocks. The mineralogy of the ore is simple and consists of stibnite, MoreLakhshak deposit is located 28 km northwest of Zahedan in the Sistan suture zone. The rocks in the Lakhshak area predominantly consist of Eocene volcanosedimentary and metamorphosed (greenshist facies) rocks. The mineralogy of the ore is simple and consists of stibnite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and electrum. The Lakhshak deposit is hosted in the shear and altered calc-shist unit which is associated with quartz, sericite-muscovite and sulfide alteration minerals. Based on geophysical studies, using induction polarity and special resistance (IP/RS) in the Lakhshak sheared area, combined with the results of geological, metamorphic and mineralization information, calligraphic calcification units, fault zones and metamorphosed areas have a high potential for Au-Sb mineralization. Therefore, using the amount of changes in specific resistance and chargeability, as well as the intensity of chargeability in the profiles, can appropriately identify the promising area for gold and stibnite mineralizations. This study indicates that the main characteristics of the geology and mineralization of the Lakhshak, such as the nature of the host rock, the form of mineralization, metamorphism and associated alterations, is similar to orogenic gold deposits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - High Intensity Interval Training on Adiponectin And ALT, AST, ALP Enzymes In obese And Overweight Boys
Elhamalsadat Zeinali Saeed Ganjizadeh Tari Masoumeh HehalizadehBackground: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on adiponectin and AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes in obese and overweight boys. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 22 boys aged 12-14 years old, who were MoreBackground: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on adiponectin and AST, ALT, and ALP enzymes in obese and overweight boys. Materials and Methods: Subjects were 22 boys aged 12-14 years old, who were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Experimental group: mean weight 80.08 ± 16.08, Vo2max was 36.56 ± 2.49, and BMI was 30.27 ± 5.9 and control group: mean weight 67.91 ± 7.95, and Vo2max was 44.4 ± 2.75, 38 and BMI of 60.26 ± 6.3. The experimental group performed eight weeks of HIIT training with 80% HRR intensity at 10 turns of 60 seconds, with 60 seconds rest on exercise bikes for 3 days a week. Blood samples were taken 24 and 48 hours before and after the training, ANCOVA was used for data analysis using SPSS 21 software at a significant level (p <0.05). Results: The results showed that HIIT reduced the levels of Adiponectin and AST and ALP enzymes, but this was not significant (P≥0.05). This exercise also reduced ALT and fat percentage and increased Vo2max in subjects, with changes in all three variables significant (P≤0 / 05). Conclusion: It seems HIIT can reduce the percentage of fat and ALT enzyme in children, which can help prevent many metabolic diseases. Also, HIIT can play a role in liver health in overweight and obese children. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Developing a hybrid model to clustering Tehran Stock Exchange companies using meta-heuristic algorithms
Ali MohagharInvestment decision, have always has been one of the most important issues. Investors are trying to achieve the highest efficiency and the least risk by selecting the best companies from Among a wide variety of companies considering to various financial indicators. Acco MoreInvestment decision, have always has been one of the most important issues. Investors are trying to achieve the highest efficiency and the least risk by selecting the best companies from Among a wide variety of companies considering to various financial indicators. Accordingly, today, there are many ways to analyze the data from this company. One of the ways is clustering that classification of the companies. However, the present study aimed to identify and distinguish successful from unsuccessful companies in Tehran Stock Exchange has been done using K-means clustering. Then this problem is solved using meta-heuristic algorithms. The results indicate that meta-heuristic algorithms compared with conventional methods, more efficient and have led to a global optimum. Also these results of Altman’s bankruptcy model were confirmed results of meta-heuristic algorithms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A fresh look at the latest treatment methods of complementary and regenerative medicine in sports horse injuries
Amir Zakian Farshid DavoodiNowadays, due to compression of sports competitions and the occurrence of more injuries, the role of sports medicine in minimizing the recovery and returning the animal to its previous performance with maximum power is more prominent than before. Various remedies are em MoreNowadays, due to compression of sports competitions and the occurrence of more injuries, the role of sports medicine in minimizing the recovery and returning the animal to its previous performance with maximum power is more prominent than before. Various remedies are employed for these cases, but they are not accepted by all physician and veterinarian around the world. Complementary or alternative medicine should be considered as a type of treatment that is not in the medical world today or is not even registered, but some individuals and communities refer to it as the best treatment and define professional branches and sub-categories for it. But another unusual branch for treating diseases is regenerative or reconstructive medicine. In recent years, advances in cell biology, genetic immunology, and other fields have enabled regenerative medicine to fundamentally change health care. One of the duties of governmental and international organizations working in the field of health and treatment is to provide proper information and appropriate awareness of all fields of complementary and regenerative medicine for therapists and horse owners so that each person, after reviewing and consulting, can use these branches of medicine according to their needs and problems. Recently, significant progress has been made in the field of these two branches of unconventional medicine in European countries and North America Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Correction of measured vitrinte reflectance data using the "Fluorescence Alteration of Multiple Macerals" (FAMM) and their application to Well Binak #4 one-dimensional thermal maturity modeling
Mohammad KassaieNajafi Faramarz Shabani Maryam Mirshahani Beyok Ghorbani Arsalan ZenalzadehReflectance of maceral constituents of kerogens, particularly vitrinite (Ro%), commonly used in petroleum exploration, is a very important indicator for determining degree of thermal maturity and investigating status of hydrocarbon generation. Although in vitrinite r MoreReflectance of maceral constituents of kerogens, particularly vitrinite (Ro%), commonly used in petroleum exploration, is a very important indicator for determining degree of thermal maturity and investigating status of hydrocarbon generation. Although in vitrinite reflectance profiles maturity generally increases with increasing depth of burial, basin modelers often experience problems when modeling thermal maturity using vitrinite reflectance data measured by using reflected light- photometer microscopes. The problem of reduced vitrinite reflectance mainly arises due to reflectance suppression in vitrintes. By using the laser Raman microprobe, a new multi-parameter technique called "Fluorescence Alteration of Multiple Macerals (FAMM)" was developed by Australian scientists to solve these problems. In this study, data obtained by application of this method were used to correct suppressed vitrinite reflectance values. In order to examine and demonstrate the extent of suppression effect on modeling results, maturity profile constructed by one-dimensional modeling of Well Binak-4 was calibrated using conventional measured vitrinite reflectance (Ro%) and FAMM equivalent vitrinite reflectance (EqVR) data and results were compared with present time measured well temperatures. The crucial differences in maturation, transformation ratio, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion resulted from application of these two type data as calibration parameters are discussed and demonstrated using relevant diagrams. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Laboratory study of alteration in reservoir rock wettability for the prevention of asphaltene sediment formation using metal oxide Nano-particles
abdolhamid ansari Sadegh AmeriOne of the methods of harvesting oil reservoirs is the injection of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles increase oil recovery from reservoirs by changing wettability, reducing surface tension, reducing oil viscosity. Metallic nanoparticles (ceramic nanoparticles) have the high MoreOne of the methods of harvesting oil reservoirs is the injection of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles increase oil recovery from reservoirs by changing wettability, reducing surface tension, reducing oil viscosity. Metallic nanoparticles (ceramic nanoparticles) have the highest application in increasing the absorption of reservoirs. In this research, changes in the contact levels of oil, water, and stone in the presence and absence of metal oxide nanoparticles have been investigated. The change in the rock's wettability has been analyzed in various concentrations of nanoparticles in the aqueous phase and the governing mechanism for changing the rock solidity in two metal oxide nanoparticles is presented. 4 nanoparticles used in this study are TiO2, NiO, Co3O4, Al2O3 The specimens were then measured by the DSA and the angles were measured and it was observed that the maximum gradient of the graph is related to nickel oxide followed by cobalt oxide and then titanium oxide and the lowest slope to aluminum oxide. In this respect, from this point of view, Nano particles are considered as NiO> Co3O4> TiO2> Al2O3, respectively. So the first suggestion is to select the most suitable nanoparticles of metal oxide, NiO, and for the second position Co3O4, the third and fourth choices are TiO and Al2O3, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A review of the most important views and theoretical foundations of Althusser
Masoud Jahanbani Maryam Azizi Abdul Rasool Abbasi Nasrabad SoflaIn this article, we aim to evaluate the most important ideas and theoretical foundations of Althusser's social theory. In this article, the data were collected using various documents, books and articles and then analyzed. Althusser's structural Marxism has expanded in MoreIn this article, we aim to evaluate the most important ideas and theoretical foundations of Althusser's social theory. In this article, the data were collected using various documents, books and articles and then analyzed. Althusser's structural Marxism has expanded in response to two interpretations of Marx, and his re-reading. Althusser first opposed and criticized the approach of orthodox Marxism; The second approach criticized by Althusser is Hegelian Marxism and the Frankfurt Circle. He tried to warn Marxist theory from both the determinism of economics and the humanistic approach of Lukچcs and the Frankfurt Circle. Althusser's attempts to escape the reductionism of Marxist theory were somewhat successful; But Althusser's rotation was more paradigmatic, and did not essentially save Marxist theory from fundamental limitations in the fields of ontology, epistemology, anthropology, and methodology. Althusser's intellectual roots are influenced by Hegel and Marx, and he has benefited greatly from linguistics. According to the classical classification, Althusser is one of those who believe in the originality of the collective, and says that ideology has a material existence. Althusser places more emphasis on theoretical research than on practical and empirical research, He believes that social organization is made up of three elements: politics, economics, and ideology. Althusser believes in the multidimensional determination of the three levels, but in the final analysis he considers economics to be the determining factor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Integration of Geological, Geochemical, Alteration and Remote Sensing Data to Introduce the Mineralization Potentials in the Sarbisheh area, South Khorasan
S. Modabberi M. Azarifar S. Shamsoddin Ahmadi D. RaeisiSarbisheh area is located in the west of Sarbisheh and southeast of Birjand, South Khorasan province. This area is located in the Birjand ophiolite melange zone and is a part of the northern part of the Iranshahr-Birjand metallogenic belt. The lithological units in this MoreSarbisheh area is located in the west of Sarbisheh and southeast of Birjand, South Khorasan province. This area is located in the Birjand ophiolite melange zone and is a part of the northern part of the Iranshahr-Birjand metallogenic belt. The lithological units in this area include ophiolite melange, flysch facies sediments, pyroclastic rocks and Quaternary sediments. Geochemical studies of stream sediments and identification of geochemical indicators of mineral resources in the region were performed using the results of geochemical analysis and principal component analysis. Remote sensing studies were performed on the ASTER and Landsat satellite images using color composite, selective principal component analysis (crusta) on the Landsat 8 satellite imagery to identify the alteration zones. The lineaments of the region were drawn using the high-pass filter method of the ASTER satellite image and the Google image. Finally, by creating layers of geological units, geochemical data, alteration and lineament and integrating them with fuzzy method, areas with potential mineralization of nickel, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, zinc and magnesite were identified. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Geology, mineralization and fluid inclusion studies of the Lakhshak gold deposit, southwest Sistan suture zone
N. Heydarian Dehkordi S. Niroomand Hossein Ali Tajeddin Reza نوزعیمLakhshk deposit is located 28 km northwest of Zahedan and southwestern of Sistan suture zone. The main outcrops in the study area are Eocene schists consisting of calc-schist and quartz schist. These rocks metamorphosed under greenschist facies grade and were intruded MoreLakhshk deposit is located 28 km northwest of Zahedan and southwestern of Sistan suture zone. The main outcrops in the study area are Eocene schists consisting of calc-schist and quartz schist. These rocks metamorphosed under greenschist facies grade and were intruded by Oligocene rhyolitic and dacitic dikes and granitoid. The gold-antimony mineralization is structurally controlled by a NE–SW fault zone and shear zone, and hydrothermal alterations were mainly occurred in the contact zones of granitoid and calc-schist units. The high-grade gold mineralization (3.5 g/t) is spatially related to the intense sulfidation and silicification hydrothermal alteration zones in the inner parts of the zone as well as ductile-brittle (microfractures, fine veins/veinlets) deformation. The ore mineralogy is simple and includes pyrite, arsenical pyrite, stibnite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, gold, electrum, goethite, and stibiconite. The study of fluid inclusions on gold ores quartz shows the homogenization temperature in quartz-sulfide veins/veinlets with mineralization between 200 to 330 °C with a salinity of 8 to 13 wt.% NaCl equiv., which is compatible with the mixing and dilution process. Based on the results of geology, mineralogy, and fluid inclusion studies, gold mineralization in Lakhshak gold deposit is of orogenic type. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Geology, Alteration, Geochemistry and Element distribution in Alteration Zones of Nughdoz- Zaylik Area, Arasbaran Magmatic Zone
M.R. Hosseinzadeh S. Maghfouri Mohsen Moayyed Z. Hadavi Chaharborj Nasir AmelThe study area is located in 25 km SE of Ahar and 40 km NW of Meshkin-Shahr around Naqadouz village. Hydrothermal alteration has resulted in the developing of Argillic, Argillic - Silicic, Silicic and propilitic zones in this area. Based on petrographic studies, the alt MoreThe study area is located in 25 km SE of Ahar and 40 km NW of Meshkin-Shahr around Naqadouz village. Hydrothermal alteration has resulted in the developing of Argillic, Argillic - Silicic, Silicic and propilitic zones in this area. Based on petrographic studies, the altered rocks are basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, rhyolite and lithic tuff in composition, with porphyry, glomeroporphyry, hyalomicrolithic and microlithic porphyric textures. The XRD analysis of altered samples show cristobalite, natrilite, kaolinite, quartz, albite, sanidine and orthoclase as the main minerals. Geochemical studies indicate that the alteration fluid has hydrothermal source and supergene processes are more important than hypogene processes. In this study, we use the immobile element method to calculate mass-changes and trace elements transmission amount during hydrothermal alteration. The Eu/Eu* ratio is higher in altered samples than relatively unaltered samples and the ratio of Ce/Ce* is more than 1for the relatively unaltered and most altered samples. The ratio of (La/Yb) n indicated that the depletion of HREE in altered samples is more than LREE, and LREE enrichment can increase this ratio. The lower ratio of (Tb/Yb) n in altered than unaltered samples indicate less depletion of HREE relative to MREE. Considering the distribution pattern of REE’s in alteration zones, it seems that the behavior of elements are controlled by pH, T & P changes, Eh, preferred absorption by clayey and iron oxide minerals and ligands frequency including SO2-4 , PO4+3 , CI-, F-, CO2-3 . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Mineralogy geochemistry and genesis of Kehdolan copper deposit Bostanabad east Azarbaijan
Alireza Yousefi Sh. Niroomand Abdorrahman Rajabi mohammad aminiStudy area is located in Eastern Azerbaijan province, 27 km far from east Bostanabad, and the north of Qarehchaman geological map. According to field tracking and surveys, host rock of mineralization is a Subvolcanic rocks of Oligocene period. Based on microscopic studi MoreStudy area is located in Eastern Azerbaijan province, 27 km far from east Bostanabad, and the north of Qarehchaman geological map. According to field tracking and surveys, host rock of mineralization is a Subvolcanic rocks of Oligocene period. Based on microscopic studies, the most important of supergene part, containing primary oxide minerals (Magnetite), secondary oxide minerals (Malachite, Hematite and Goethite) and also sulphide minerals such as Chalcocite, Covellite, Pyrite and insignificance Chalcopyrite. Among the most important alterations, argillic, silicification, carbonization and propylithic can be noted. Geochemical studies shows that host rock of mineralization with Monzosyenitic composition, placed in high chalc-alkaline to shoshonitic and metaluminous range. Formation environment of host rock of mineralization is a volcanic arc of subduction zone that confirmed by normalized rare earth elements diagrams. Manuscript profile
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