نوجوانان

Open Access Article

1 - Satire Techniques Representations in Theme Structure of “Farhad Hasan Zade's” Stories
حسين ادهمي

Farhad Hasan Zade (Born in 1341/1962) is one of the satirists whose works are mostly within the domain of Children and Adolescent Literature. His satire stories are mainly taken from social realities enriched with social themes and a moderate criticism and represent soc More

Farhad Hasan Zade (Born in 1341/1962) is one of the satirists whose works are mostly within the domain of Children and Adolescent Literature. His satire stories are mainly taken from social realities enriched with social themes and a moderate criticism and represent social affairs and problems. He uses satire techniques in these stories which show his mastery on common methods and patterns of satire writing. The article reviews three story collections by Farhad Hasan Zade and investigates his methods in satire writing. First section of the article introduces satire techniques in these stories and second section reviews the representation and frequency of these techniques in different parts of stories’ themes. Based on findings of this article, although Hasan Zade’s satire techniques impact on story elements like space, characterization, tone, style, language and so on, the representations of these techniques are obvious in structure of stories’ themes. These techniques are located in narration flow of stories by being present in different parts of theme (start, inconstancy, expansion, climax point, problem solving and end); they are parts of story body in climax and end points. Reviewing the frequency of representation of these techniques in different parts of theme, we may come to these conclusions: “start” and “expansion” in different parts of stories’ theme have more variety and frequency than satire techniques and in “end” point of story “raid” and “satire turn” techniques have more frequencies. The article reviews these findings and explains the relation between these techniques and structure of themes in Hasan Zade stories with descriptive-analytic method in which statistical data, tables and charts were used too. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Causes and Consequences of Ethical Delinquency of Children and Adolescents in Telegram and Instagram Social Networksg
mohamad sadeq chavooshi Hadi Karamati Moez

Children and teenagers are the most vulnerable in social networking telegrams and instagrams; social networks expose under-age users to a huge amount of information, partly because of their inappropriateness of age and rational growth and the rate The child's knowledge More

Children and teenagers are the most vulnerable in social networking telegrams and instagrams; social networks expose under-age users to a huge amount of information, partly because of their inappropriateness of age and rational growth and the rate The child's knowledge can have harmful effects. Therefore, it is essential that the skills needed to be present on the social networks of telegrams and instagrams are taught to children and their parents, as well as the causes and effects of the moral delinquency of this vulnerable stratum in social networks. Prevent possible damage. In this paper, through analytical-descriptive research method, a library is used to identify the causes and effects of moral delinquency of children and adolescents in the social networks of Telegram and Instagram. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Theories of Reformal Moral of Incarceration (Imprisonment) in Juvenile Justice System of Iran and England
Seyedeh Amaneh Bani Hashemi Kohanki Mojtaba Farahbakhsh Ahmad

The present study investigated the freedom-depriving penalties in legal system of Iran and England. It was suggested that incarceration of juveniles should be used in serious crimes and when it is required for public protection, because it might cause undesirable effec More

The present study investigated the freedom-depriving penalties in legal system of Iran and England. It was suggested that incarceration of juveniles should be used in serious crimes and when it is required for public protection, because it might cause undesirable effects on juveniles which can make their correction and rehabilitation period longer. In recent years, different reactive programs have been developed in England for preventing juvenile delinquency including alternatives to imprisonment which do not exist in Iran. Investigating the existing principles and reactions of legal system of England which is the result of comprehensive study made by the legislator can be a solution for Iranian legislator for making modifications in juvenile justice system Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Comparative Study of Children and Adolescents’ Protection Law in Iran and Egypt
Maryam Shajirat

This study was conducted by reviewing the laws and regulations of Iran and Egypt concerning children and adolescents, and also international standards such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules as well to compare and analyze issues including More

This study was conducted by reviewing the laws and regulations of Iran and Egypt concerning children and adolescents, and also international standards such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules as well to compare and analyze issues including children and adolescents protection rules in Iran and Egypt, the minimum and maximum age of criminal responsibility, type and extent of criminal responsibility in different age groups in both Iran and Egypt. Then, the extent of compliance of two countries rules with international rules was assessed. Our results revealed that Iran has not complied with the principles of legislation in drafting the protection laws for children and adolescents. The adoption of numerous and dispersed laws in the pre and post revolution has undermined the principle of accessibility of the law, then these circumstances make it difficult to protect children and adolescents with It is a problem and finally prevent the realization of access to justice. In Egypt, the minimum and maximum age for criminal responsibility is 12 and 18 years, respectively, also the minimum age of civilian custody is 21 years, while in Iran’s law, there is not the same approach regarding minimum and maximum age of criminal responsibility due to punishments of crimes are classified into discretionary, retaliate. This result has controversy with international regulations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Minimum Intervention Model in Response to Children Unlawful Behaviors in court Complex of Shahid Fahmideh, Tehran, Iran (2016-2017)
Hossein Gholami

Models of response to children unlawful behaviors are grouped into five categories, penal justice, welfare, restorative, minimum intervention, and risk management. Each of these models attempts to correct delinquent children in a different way and with varying degrees o More

Models of response to children unlawful behaviors are grouped into five categories, penal justice, welfare, restorative, minimum intervention, and risk management. Each of these models attempts to correct delinquent children in a different way and with varying degrees of impact, and non-punishment or mild punishment may lead to further correction of delinquent children in certain offenses. This study aimed to compare the extent and manner of application of the Minimum Intervention Model with other models in Shahid Fahmideh Judicial Complex of Tehran. It was performed through the explanatory content analysis method and the statistical population consisted of 100 cases selected from two branches of this complex using the purposive non-probability sampling method. After the data were collected, they were analyzed in SPSS, and the percentages of frequency were as follows: 20% of the cases were not responded due to order for suspension of prosecution and 76% of the cases had at least one of the intervention indicators in addition to other response models. Findings indicated that the judges of this complex used the Minimum Intervention Model more than other models. Although the use of this model in the area of criminal justice for children and adolescents is a positive action, it must be adjusted in some offenses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - An Analytical Study on Alternative Punishment for Juvenile Delinquency
Mehrnoosh Abouzari

Juvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinq More

Juvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinquency is to reform, educate and reconcile them and, above all, seek criminal justice measures to rehabilitate and prepare the person for returning to society. Therefore, it seems that the imprisonment and punishment of liberation cannot be effective in achieving these goals and that violent and violent attacks can lead to a proper and incorrect bias in their behavioral system. As a result, alternative prison sentences for juvenile offenses, influenced by the teachings of restorative justice, will be more than anything else. Penalties that are imposed by the court, with the participation of the public and civil society in the community, with regard to the offense of commission, the personality and criminal record of the offender, the frequency of committing the crime, the situation of the victim and the effects of the commission of the crime. Measures such as periods of care, residence, maintenance at the end of the week, electronic surveillance, free public services and advocacy institutions such as postponement of the sentence, quash, suspension of prosecution, file archiving, exemption from punishment, criminal mediation, suspension Penalties, the semi-liberation system and probation freedoms allow the offender to compensate for the mistake of committing and harming the community and feeling responsible and efficient in society. Although it should be noted that excessive punishment for substitute imprisonment, regardless of the family context, environment of the life and economic conditions of an adolescent, is a kind of abandonment of his insecure circumstances in his life that led him to delinquency and now again It is in this environment that may result in serious and persistent criminal offenses; in such cases, the calm and discipline of keeping in the center of reform and education and training institutions are preferable to such actions. This paper examines the bases and types of alternatives to juvenile delinquency penalties and then explains the critical attitude of some enforcement instances and possible objections to the imposition of alternative prison sentences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Comparative Study of Children and Adolescents’ Protection Law in Iran and Egypt
Amin Jafari Maryam Shajirat

This study was conducted by reviewing the laws and regulations of Iran and Egypt concerning children and adolescents, and also international standards such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules as well to compare and analyze issues including More

This study was conducted by reviewing the laws and regulations of Iran and Egypt concerning children and adolescents, and also international standards such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Beijing Rules as well to compare and analyze issues including children and adolescents protection rules in Iran and Egypt, the minimum and maximum age of criminal responsibility, type and extent of criminal responsibility in different age groups in both Iran and Egypt. Then, the extent of compliance of two countries rules with international rules was assessed. Our results revealed that Iran has not complied with the principles of legislation in drafting the protection laws for children and adolescents. The adoption of numerous and dispersed laws in the pre and post revolution has undermined the principle of accessibility of the law, then these circumstances make it difficult to protect children and adolescents with It is a problem and finally prevent the realization of access to justice. In Egypt, the minimum and maximum age for criminal responsibility is 12 and 18 years, respectively, also the minimum age of civilian custody is 21 years, while in Iran’s law, there is not the same approach regarding minimum and maximum age of criminal responsibility due to punishments of crimes are classified into discretionary, retaliate. This result has controversy with international regulations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Minimum Intervention Model in Response to Children Unlawful Behaviors in court Complex of Shahid Fahmideh, Tehran, Iran (2016-2017)
Hossein Gholami Hassan Ali Moazenzadegan Nafiseh Zaeri

Models of response to children unlawful behaviors are grouped into five categories, penal justice, welfare, restorative, minimum intervention, and risk management. Each of these models attempts to correct delinquent children in a different way and with varying degrees o More

Models of response to children unlawful behaviors are grouped into five categories, penal justice, welfare, restorative, minimum intervention, and risk management. Each of these models attempts to correct delinquent children in a different way and with varying degrees of impact, and non-punishment or mild punishment may lead to further correction of delinquent children in certain offenses. This study aimed to compare the extent and manner of application of the Minimum Intervention Model with other models in Shahid Fahmideh Judicial Complex of Tehran. It was performed through the explanatory content analysis method and the statistical population consisted of 100 cases selected from two branches of this complex using the purposive non-probability sampling method. After the data were collected, they were analyzed in SPSS, and the percentages of frequency were as follows: 20% of the cases were not responded due to order for suspension of prosecution and 76% of the cases had at least one of the intervention indicators in addition to other response models. Findings indicated that the judges of this complex used the Minimum Intervention Model more than other models. Although the use of this model in the area of criminal justice for children and adolescents is a positive action, it must be adjusted in some offenses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - An Analytical Study on Alternative Punishment for Juvenile Delinquency
Mehrnoosh Abouzari

Juvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinq More

Juvenile delinquency is a form of declaration of incompatibility with the community and a sign of danger in the possibility of their survival in a criminal abduction. The main purpose of applying the guarantees of execution and punishment in dealing with juvenile delinquency is to reform, educate and reconcile them and, above all, seek criminal justice measures to rehabilitate and prepare the person for returning to society. Therefore, it seems that the imprisonment and punishment of liberation cannot be effective in achieving these goals and that violent and violent attacks can lead to a proper and incorrect bias in their behavioral system. As a result, alternative prison sentences for juvenile offenses, influenced by the teachings of restorative justice, will be more than anything else. Penalties that are imposed by the court, with the participation of the public and civil society in the community, with regard to the offense of commission, the personality and criminal record of the offender, the frequency of committing the crime, the situation of the victim and the effects of the commission of the crime. Measures such as periods of care, residence, maintenance at the end of the week, electronic surveillance, free public services and advocacy institutions such as postponement of the sentence, quash, suspension of prosecution, file archiving, exemption from punishment, criminal mediation, suspension Penalties, the semi-liberation system and probation freedoms allow the offender to compensate for the mistake of committing and harming the community and feeling responsible and efficient in society. Although it should be noted that excessive punishment for substitute imprisonment, regardless of the family context, environment of the life and economic conditions of an adolescent, is a kind of abandonment of his insecure circumstances in his life that led him to delinquency and now again It is in this environment that may result in serious and persistent criminal offenses; in such cases, the calm and discipline of keeping in the center of reform and education and training institutions are preferable to such actions. This paper examines the bases and types of alternatives to juvenile delinquency penalties and then explains the critical attitude of some enforcement instances and possible objections to the imposition of alternative prison sentences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Effect of Visual Media on the Occurrence of Deviations and Crimes in Children and Teenagers and Ways to Prevent it
Fatemeh Afshari javad afshari

Background and Aim: One of the most important influencing factors in the lives of today's societies is visual media, which, in addition to having positive effects in reducing social harms, have a negative role in creating deviations and crimes and one of the vulnerable More

Background and Aim: One of the most important influencing factors in the lives of today's societies is visual media, which, in addition to having positive effects in reducing social harms, have a negative role in creating deviations and crimes and one of the vulnerable groups in this field are children and teenagers. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of visual media on the occurrence of deviations and crimes among children and teenagers and discussing ways to prevent it. Method: The present study was conducted using descriptive-analytical method and using documentary (library) resoureces. Results: Visual media, by getting the audience used to the events, desensitization and inattention, etc., provide the basis for learning violence from the media. Younger people are much more influenced by the media, and this is due to their realism, their incomplete cognitive ability, and their inability to relate the scenes of the program to the final result. With the development of global media outside the control of governments, such as satellites and the Internet, and providing inappropriate models, negative training, airing programs with no purpose, not paying attention to the age of the audience, and not showing the results of actions, the role of the mentioned media in the spread of crimes and deviations such as violence, running away from home, free sexual relations, and sexual addiction are undeniable, especially among young people. Conclusion: Due to the negative impact of visual media on children and teenagers in terms of creating grounds for deviance and committing crimes, it is necessary for the government, people, family and mass media to make a joint effort to deal with the content of inappropriate and replace it with healthy programs and entertainment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Manifestations of differential penal policy towards child victims with a look at the Child and Adolescent Protection Law adopted in 2020
bahram jafary

Child victimization poses a dire threat to the most sensitive and important assets of society. Accordingly, in international documents and domestic laws, differential policies have been adopted to prevent victimization while limiting and eliminating its effects and prec More

Child victimization poses a dire threat to the most sensitive and important assets of society. Accordingly, in international documents and domestic laws, differential policies have been adopted to prevent victimization while limiting and eliminating its effects and preclude secondary child victimization. Using the library and descriptive method, the present study, with emphasis on the Child and Adolescent Protection Law, attempts to discuss the aspects of the differential policy approach aimed to protect child victims in the iranian legal system. The results indicate that there were scattered, yet inadequate, regulations protecting children in various substantive and formal aspects in the past; However, while developing the scope of differential protecting regulations, the enactment of the Child and Adolescent Protection Law in 2020 has provided considerable preventive and monitoring- oriented views, especially through making legal intervention in favor of children and adolescents that are at risk or victimization. It can be said that this law clearly factors in differential policies including determining several crimes and specific punishments aimed at protecting children and adolescents and considering special institutional, disciplinary and judicial organizations with the aim of managing, preventing and dealing with child victimization and limiting its effects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - legislative Criminal Policy in the Iranian Legal System on Child Rights Violations in the Field of Computer Games
Mohammad khorshidi athar

Background and Aim: Criminal protection of children against computer games following the fundamental transformation in the light of technological advances and the spread of computer games along with increasing the power of its impact on human thought and behavior is ine More

Background and Aim: Criminal protection of children against computer games following the fundamental transformation in the light of technological advances and the spread of computer games along with increasing the power of its impact on human thought and behavior is inevitable. On the one hand, entertaining children due to their strong interest in computer games, and on the other hand, the wide range of such games with large investments to develop computer games in the age group of children In addition to the unhealthy and harmful effects on this vulnerable group has raised many concerns for thinkers. In this study, the criminal policies of the Iranian legal system regarding the violation of children's rights in the context of computer games compared with international documents and from a critical point of view has been evaluated and by perusing the strengths and weaknesses of related laws, the need for comprehensive rules to protect the rights of the child against harming of computer games has been emphasized by formulating an effective differential criminal policy. Method: The method of discussion in this research is descriptive-analytical and the method of data gathering is library. Results: In Iran's legal system, a review of the laws related to the current criminal policy regarding the violation of children's rights in the field of creating, publishing and distributing computer games reveals gaps and defects. Conclusion: By examining the situation of children and their rights against computer games and studying the negative and inappropriate effects of this universal and effective technology on children it is possible to achieve a comprehensive support program containing differential criminal policies against child victimization through the use of computer games. A differential approach to substantive criminal law in the field of child safety in relation to computer games is the role that the legislature can play in protecting children and to prevent the abuse of the rights of this vulnerable group. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The Rights of Delinquent Children and Adolescents in Iran: An Analysis of Four Determining Areas
Maryam Sha’ban Seyed Mohammad Hosseini

This study seeks to investigate how four main areas of reference in Iran and the world are exposed to child delinquent. Therefore, four main areas of reference were identified that include Iranian legal regulations, Islamic religion, the Convention on the Rights of the More

This study seeks to investigate how four main areas of reference in Iran and the world are exposed to child delinquent. Therefore, four main areas of reference were identified that include Iranian legal regulations, Islamic religion, the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Islam and the Convention on the Rights of the Child; Then they were analyzed with a qualitative approach and documentary analysis method. The results show that exposure to delinquent children is approximately the same in all four domains. Although the three areas related to Iran and the Islamic world have been centered on Law of Religion, especially Shi'ism, their roots lie in Islamic religion, and against them the Convention on the Rights of the Child as an international matter has been drafted based on the Declaration of Human Rights and the belief in Humanism, but they work very closely on how to deal with child guilty and there are no significant differences between their procedures. Therefore, all four domains regard the child as having no precise decision-making power and consider his/her delinquency a common "mistake" in his/her development. The child should be forgiven as much as possible and his/her error should be ignored; this should also have a corrective and re-interactional aspect to be done within the child's family by the child's parents or legal guardians. Unless child guilty is limited, such as harm to others, which has resulted in violations of the rights of others, all three areas emphasize efforts to minimize penalties and impose penalties for reform and resocialization. the only point of difference is in the definition of the child and the age range that makes the subject different in applying the rules related to child delinquency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire related to the health of Iranian adolescents with congenital heart disease
hassan erami hamidreza hassanabadi robabe noury Alireza Moradi Kourosh Vahidshahi

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire related to the health of Iranian adolescents with congenital heart disease. Participants were 180 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years with congenital heart disease and th More

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire related to the health of Iranian adolescents with congenital heart disease. Participants were 180 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years with congenital heart disease and their parents who referred to Shahid Rajaei Heart Hospital. Instruments were health-related quality of life questionnaire (PedsQL™) and general version quality of life questionnaire (PedsQL™) and general anxiety section of CSI-4 questionnaire. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data to evaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The findings of factor analysis indicated 7 factors in the Adolescent Questionnaire and the Proxy Report Questionnaire. The Adolescent and Proxy Health Quality of Life Questionnaires have an acceptable validity in Iranian society and can be used to assess their quality of life. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Necessity of Special Police for Children and Adolescents in Iranian Judicial System
Askar Jalalian Mostafa zarei Abbas Barzegarzadeh

The Special police for children and adolescents, as one of the special institutions of the juvenile justice system, was first considered in the Juvenile Delinquency Bill (1383) and then the legislator paid attention to it in the Criminal Procedure Code of 1392 in Articl More

The Special police for children and adolescents, as one of the special institutions of the juvenile justice system, was first considered in the Juvenile Delinquency Bill (1383) and then the legislator paid attention to it in the Criminal Procedure Code of 1392 in Article 31. According to this article, the police organization was ordered to form a police section for children and adolescents. In this study, in order to achieve the hidden angles of the role of the police in juvenile justice, an attempt has been made to explain the preventive position of the juvenile police in order to answer the question: what is the role of the juvenile police in the Iranian judiciary in crime prevention? The results of this study indicate that the behavior and approach of the Iranian police towards children and adolescents does not have a differential criminal policy and in dealing with children and adolescents, adult criminal policy is used. Therefore, it is necessary for the police to try to improve the process of intervening in the proceedings of children and adolescents by formulating a differential criminal policy based on protective and not criminal intervention in compliance with national and international principles and standards. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Iranian Criminal Policy towards Child Sexual Molestation in the Light of the Child and Adolescent Protection Law of 2020
Abbas Ali Akbari Seyede Monira Hejazi

Children have always been exposed to many physical, psychological and sexual abuses throughout history. Today, following industrial, communication and information developments, supporting this group against all forms of exploitation is necessary, especially against sexu More

Children have always been exposed to many physical, psychological and sexual abuses throughout history. Today, following industrial, communication and information developments, supporting this group against all forms of exploitation is necessary, especially against sexual exploitation and sexual harassment, which are often included in the black figures of delinquency in many countries, including Iran due to moral issues. In the domestic system, in order to implement protectionist policies in accordance with international standards and the existence of a gap in the former law on the protection of children and adolescents adopted in 2002, the need for differential protection of sexually abused children was felt. In 2020, in the law for the protection of children and adolescents, the legislator has paid special attention to the protection of these victims against sexual harassment. The present study analyzes data and uses library tools to examine the legislative approach of the Iranian legislature in relation to child sexual abuse in the new law due to the previous legal gaps and insufficient legislative support for sexual harassment, as well as explaining the aggravated causes of these behaviors in law. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Critical Study of Gradual criminal liability of juveniles in discretionary offenses (review of the French legal system
mohammad saeeid shafiei

In the field of criminal law, the process of transfer from lack of full criminal liability to full criminal liability requires determining the stages that is considered gradual criminal liability. In articles 88 and 89 the Islamic Penal Code, 1392 legislator has graded More

In the field of criminal law, the process of transfer from lack of full criminal liability to full criminal liability requires determining the stages that is considered gradual criminal liability. In articles 88 and 89 the Islamic Penal Code, 1392 legislator has graded Non-criminal and criminal measures based on the criterion of age in discretionary offenses of juveniles and has focused on judicial measures on socialization of these people because of refusing to apply repressive criminal responses. Despite of removing gender separation and possibility of apply appropriate responses; there are some ambiguities in acceptance of gradual system in discretionary offenses. not providing to extension of protective and supervisory measures to people under 9 years according to the first section of the article 88 the Islamic Penal Code about criminal liability and restrictions on the use of restorative responses in juvenile procedure, authority of the judge in determining freedom with care method, not being comprehensive measures referred to in article 89 in terms of the impossibility of extension measures under article 88 to not severe offenses of age group 15 to 18 years cause are restrictions that cause not providing to achieve absolutely to differential approach in the field of legislative criminal policy related to juvenile delinquents. This article emphasizes using a descriptive- analytic method and studying of France legal system and former substantive criminal law necessity of taking non-criminal measures on persons under the minimum age of criminal liability, expansion of restorative response, The necessity of using of freedom with care method while giving children to family like September 9, 2002 Act of France and provides efficient legislative criminal policy with critical review each of these ambiguities Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Effect of Young Children on Impulsive Decisions of Families in Fun Traveling
Mohesn Akbari Esmaeel Ramezanpour Parmis Moaf

An important dimension of consumer behavior is making impulsive decisions. These decisions are shaped by a quick decision process, resulting from excitement and emotion. Impulsive traveling is one of the immediate behaviors in which a tourist travels to somewhere for wh More

An important dimension of consumer behavior is making impulsive decisions. These decisions are shaped by a quick decision process, resulting from excitement and emotion. Impulsive traveling is one of the immediate behaviors in which a tourist travels to somewhere for which he or she has not carefully planned. There are many reasons behind this kind of behavior in tourism, including going to see somewhere for fun; pressures from friends, peers and family members; undeclared internal motivations; or even encouragement from destinations with different marketing tools. This paper examined the impact of children’s participation, in family decision-making, on the emotions of the decision maker in the family and the impulsive travel plans they made. The conceptual model is based on literature and research background, which showed relationship between variables (youth insistence, decision makers’ emotions and intention to travel impulsively). For sampling and data collection, a questionnaire was distributed among 384 families that had traveled impulsively to different locations of the province of Guilan. This is an applied study, and data collection followed descriptive-correlation based on structural equation modeling. SPSS 19 was used to analyze the descriptive data. For statistical inference, we used structural equation modeling (SEM) based on partial least squares (PLS) and Smart PLS2 software. Results showed that children’s participation in decisions affects impulsive family planning to travel. In addition, the mediating role of emotions was also confirmed showing that children that take part in family decision-making, not only increased the impulsive traveling of family members but also affected their emotions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Socio-cultural impact assessment of establishing Marvdasht sports complex (Tehran municipal region7)
Khalil Mirzaei Marjan Pakdaman Farzad Abbasi neda Azimi

The present study seeks to respond to Qasr-Heshmatieh neighborhood residents’ needs regarding sports facilities. Some of the most important goals of this project include impacts such as direct and indirect empowering and informing the residents on health issues, providi More

The present study seeks to respond to Qasr-Heshmatieh neighborhood residents’ needs regarding sports facilities. Some of the most important goals of this project include impacts such as direct and indirect empowering and informing the residents on health issues, providing access to sports facilities, establishing public spaces and increasing social interactions in those spaces, increasing perceived safety and health for the residents of Qasr-Heshmatieh neighborhood due to the existence of a safe place for doing sports, improving residents’ physical health due to easier accessibility to sports facilities and equipment compared to the past, increasing the visits from other parts of the region to use the facilities and building new interaction, etc. The present study is descriptive in terms of process and applied in terms of the research objective. Documentary and field study were also used for data collection. However, it must be mentioned that the present study can also be categorized among assessment studies. The establishment of Marvdasht sports complex in Tehran municipal region 7 has both positive and negative impacts. The positive impacts include increasing social relations, social capital, safety for women, health, participation in sports activities, reducing addiction rate, change in the lifestyle, employment, creation of new jobs, revenue gain for the municipality, and reducing noise from teenagers and the youth, while negative impacts include environmental pollution, increased traffic, parking space shortage, and congestion and crowdedness in the neighborhood. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Development and evaluating the effectiveness of a cognitive rehabilitation package on reducing the cognitive damages of active adolescents in cyberspace
faezeh adibnia Mehrdad Kalantari soghra akbarichermahini

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation package on cognitive damages reduction in active adolescents in cyberspace. The research method was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative). For this purpose, by using t More

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation package on cognitive damages reduction in active adolescents in cyberspace. The research method was exploratory mixed (qualitative-quantitative). For this purpose, by using the thematic analysi, by studying articles and interviewing professors and active adolescents in cyberspace, damages were identified. Based on the identified cognitive damages, a rehabilitation package (in four areas: attention, information processing, thinking and social cognition) was developed to reduce adolescents' cognitive damages in cyberspace, to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed package, a quasi-experimental design with an experimental group and a control group of pre-test, post-test and follow-up were used. 40 active girls in cyberspace in Arak who were screened by the pathology inventory constructed, were selected by purposive method and 20 were randomly assigned to the experimental group and 20 to the control group. The results of mixed analysis of variance showed that the implementation of the developed package improved the performance of the experimental group in attention, information processing, thinking and social cognition (p <0.001). It can be concluded that the developed cognitive rehabilitation package is also effective for improving the cognitive damages of adolescents in cyberspace. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The efficacy of self-advocacy training on effective communication of adolescents with chemotherapy / radiotherapy induced alopecia
niloofar naghash Afrooz Afshari batool ahadi

The aim of this study was determining the efficacy of self-advocacy training on communication skills of adolescents with chemotherapy/ radiotherapy induced alopecia. The method of present study was quasi experimental single-subject with pre-test, post-test and two-week More

The aim of this study was determining the efficacy of self-advocacy training on communication skills of adolescents with chemotherapy/ radiotherapy induced alopecia. The method of present study was quasi experimental single-subject with pre-test, post-test and two-week and one-month follow-ups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all adolescents aged 12-15 years with chemotherapy/ radiotherapy alopecia in Tehran in 1400. The sample group consisted of 4 adolescents with chemotherapy/ radiotherapy alopecia, who were selected by available sampling method and taking into account the inclusion criteria. The self-advocacy training intervention program was implemented in 5 sessions and the participants responded to the communication skills questionnaire (Attarha, 2007) in two stages, the baseline (A) and the experimental stage (B). SPSS and T test were used for data analysis, and t-test results illustrated the significant effect of self-advocacy training on communication skills and its subscales in adolescents with alopecia due to chemotherapy/ radiotherapy. Therefore, it can be concluded that self-advocacy training due to self-awareness, communication skills and leadership training can lead to the promotion of communication skills of adolescents with alopecia due to chemotherapy/ radiotherapy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Mediation of achievement motivation in the relationship between sports identity and athletic performance of adolescent athletes
Fatemah Keshir nokandeh Morteza Homayounnia Firoozjah Alireza Homayouni

The aim of this study was to mediate the role of achievement motivation in the relationship between sports identity and athletic performance of adolescent athletes. The research was a descriptive correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical More

The aim of this study was to mediate the role of achievement motivation in the relationship between sports identity and athletic performance of adolescent athletes. The research was a descriptive correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the present study included all male adolescents aged 15 to 18 years in Gorgan and 220 adolescent athletes were selected as sample. Data collection tools included three questionnaires to examine research variables. Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between sports identity and achievement motivation with sports performance and the research model was confirmed in general 41% of sports performance can be explained by sports identity and achievement motivation. Also, the variables of sports identity and achievement motivation have a significant direct effect on sports performance. The results of this study emphasize the need for the role of identity and motivation and ultimately sports performance in athletes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - A comparative study of the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in two groups of teenagers with and without a history of parental divorce
sara Naderi masoud gholamali lavasani Sogand Ghasemzadeh

The aim of the present study is to compare the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in two groups of teenagers with and without a history of divorce. The descripti More

The aim of the present study is to compare the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being and the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in two groups of teenagers with and without a history of divorce. The descriptive research method is of the correlation type and based on the applied goal. The statistical population of the research included all teenage girls in the second secondary school in Tehran in the academic year 1400-1401. 300 students were selected to complete the questionnaires using random cluster sampling. The research tools included Rijekboar and Debo Children's Schema Questionnaire (SIC), Garnefsky and Kraij's Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (CERQ) and Riff's Psychological Well-Being Scale (RSPWB). Structural equation modeling method and SPSS-24 and Amos-24 software were used for data analysis. The findings showed that the relationship between initial maladaptive schemas and psychological well-being is negative and significant. Also, the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and positive strategies for cognitive regulation of emotion is negative and significant, and the relationship between primary maladaptive schemas and negative strategies for cognitive regulation of emotion is positive and significant. The relationship between positive emotion regulation strategies and psychological well-being is positive and significant. Inconsistent schemas have an inverse and significant effect on psychological well-being through positive cognitive regulation strategies (β=-0.2, p<0.001). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Investigating the prevalence of obesity and overweight and its relationship with lifestyle in male high school students of Yasouj city
Ali Hemti zahra Hemti

Today, due to the change in lifestyle and nutritional pattern, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased significantly all over the world. Several important factors are involved, such as lifestyle and inactivity and low physical fitness. Accordingly, in the More

Today, due to the change in lifestyle and nutritional pattern, the prevalence of obesity and overweight has increased significantly all over the world. Several important factors are involved, such as lifestyle and inactivity and low physical fitness. Accordingly, in the present study, the prevalence of obesity and overweight and its relationship with lifestyle in male teenagers of Yasouj city have been investigated. In this research, two survey and documentary methods have been used. The statistical population under study was more than 4000 male students of the second secondary level of Yasouj city, of which 351 were selected as the sample size based on Morgan's table and were studied using proportional stratified random sampling. (ages, 15, 16, 17, 18, years) (Mean ± SD: 7.0 ± 6.15 years): The overall prevalence of overweight among the subjects was 20.5% and the overall prevalence of obesity among the subjects was 6.8%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity among subjects was 27.4%. The analysis of inferential findings has shown that there is a direct relationship between the amount of watching TV and working with the computer, food pattern and body mass index at an error level of less than 0.05 and a confidence level of 95%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The Relationship Between Adolescent Disobedience and Dependence on Social Networks virtual in the Family Environment (Case study: Secondary School Students of District 17 of Tehran)
Tahmineh Shaverdi zeinab Maghferati Shamsabad

The aim of this research is to analyze the disobedience of adolescents in the family environment based on addiction to virtual social networks among secondery school students of the 17th district of Tehran. The study method is survey and the statistical population is th More

The aim of this research is to analyze the disobedience of adolescents in the family environment based on addiction to virtual social networks among secondery school students of the 17th district of Tehran. The study method is survey and the statistical population is the lower secondery school of the 17th district of Tehran. The sample size is 347 individuals selected using simple random sampling method based on Cochran's formula. The data collection tools consist of the Addiction to Social Networks questionnaire (Yang 1998) and the Adolescents' Disobedience questionnaire (Motamedi and colleagues 2021).The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that the relationship between daily activity disorder, family-social functioning, mental health, and self-control with adolescent disobedience is equal to 21%, 31%, 25%, and 25% respectively. Furthermore, regression model analyses showed that the impact of addiction to social networks on adolescent disobedience is 33%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Structural relationships of emotional inadequacy and tendency to risky behaviors in adolescents: the mediating role of psychological flexibility
Narjes Ameri Mahmoud Najafi

<p class="a" style="line-height: normal;">The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between emotional inadequacy and tendency to risky behaviors in adolescents. The descriptive research method was of More

<p class="a" style="line-height: normal;">The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between emotional inadequacy and tendency to risky behaviors in adolescents. The descriptive research method was of the correlation type (structural equation model). The statistical population included the teenagers of Shahrood city in 2023, out of which 300 people were selected by available sampling method. The tools used in this research included risk-taking questionnaires of Iranian teenagers, emotional deficiency and psychological flexibility questionnaire. In order to analyze the research model, the structural equation model was used the findings showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between emotional inadequacy and the tendency to risky behaviors, and psychological flexibility plays a mediating role in the relationship between emotional insufficiency and the tendency to risky behaviors. Overall, the results showed that the model had a good fit. According to the obtained results, emotional inadequacy and psychological flexibility play an important role in predicting high-risk behaviors of adolescents. Emotional inadequacy and lack of psychological flexibility can increase the incidence and persistence of high-risk behaviors, including drug use, in teenagers. Therefore, the design of interventions based on improving emotional inadequacy and increasing psychological flexibility is suggested as a basis for reducing the high-risk behaviors of this group of people.</p> Manuscript profile

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