عمر

Open Access Article

1 - طراحی و پیاده سازی یک الگوریتم مسیریابی سلسله مراتبی در شبکه های شبکه های حسگر بی سیم
fatemeh shaabani

In this paper , a reliable communication protocol for wireless sensor networks is presented with low energy consumption. This protocol is a cluster-based communication protocol that divided the entire network into equal –area zones and applies clustering policies to the More

In this paper , a reliable communication protocol for wireless sensor networks is presented with low energy consumption. This protocol is a cluster-based communication protocol that divided the entire network into equal –area zones and applies clustering policies to them. Also in proposed protocol, node remaining energy is considered for cluster election. Thus nodes with more energy considered to be cluster- head. The main goal of this thesis is to reduce the total energy consumption of wireless sensor network and increase life time of wireless sensor network. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A New Method to computational intelligence to improve network lifetime in wireless sensor networks
faezeh talebian hassan khotanloo mansour esmaeilpour

Recent advances in wireless electronic and communications provide us the ability to build small, economical sensors with low power consumption and many diverse applications. Limited energy capacity of sensors is a huge challenge that will affect these networks. Clusteri More

Recent advances in wireless electronic and communications provide us the ability to build small, economical sensors with low power consumption and many diverse applications. Limited energy capacity of sensors is a huge challenge that will affect these networks. Clustering has been used as a well-known method to handle this challenge. To find appropriate location of clusters' heads, imperialist competitive algorithm as an emerging topic in computational intelligence has been used. Clusters' heads are connected in a three-level model so that cluster heads with low energy capacity and far from station are considered as level three indirectly communicating with base station. This eventually increases lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Presenting a method based on computational intelligence to improve energy consumption in smart wireless sensor networks
faezeh talebian حسن ختن¬لو منصور اسماعیل¬پور

Recent advances in the field of electronics and wireless communication have given the ability to design and manufacture sensors with low power consumption, small size, reasonable price and various uses. The limited energy capacity of sensors is a major challenge that af More

Recent advances in the field of electronics and wireless communication have given the ability to design and manufacture sensors with low power consumption, small size, reasonable price and various uses. The limited energy capacity of sensors is a major challenge that affects these networks. Clustering is used as one of the well-known methods to manage this challenge. To find the suitable location of the cluster heads, the colonial competition algorithm, which is one of the branches of computational intelligence, has been used. Cluster heads are connected by a three-level model, so that cluster heads with low energy capacity and far from the station are known as the third level and exchange information indirectly with the base station. This increases the lifespan of wireless sensor networks Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Increasing the lifetime of underwater acoustic sensor networks by optimal relay node placement
zahra mihamadi mohadeseh soleimanpour daryush avasimoghaddam Siamak Talebi

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have gained growing importance due to their desirable features and wide spread practical applications in many communication fields. Due to the high cost of underwater sensor nodes as well as implementation complexity, increasi More

Underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs) have gained growing importance due to their desirable features and wide spread practical applications in many communication fields. Due to the high cost of underwater sensor nodes as well as implementation complexity, increasing the lifetime of UASNs is an important issue. Although relay nodes have an important role in reducing the transmission distance and energy consumption. But the efficient RNP (Relay Node Placement) to avoid the critical sensor nodes' elimination is the main problem, i.e., to preserve the connected network. For this aim this paper presents an innovative solution called an Efficient Relay node Setting (ERS) algorithm, which involves formulating the Relay Node Placement (RNP) as a non-convex optimization problem. Actually, due to the Difference Convex (DC) constraints the proposed RNP problem is a non-convex problem and finding an optimal solution is complicated. However, a novel transformation can be applied to DC constraints which converts the problem into its convex programming equivalent. Application of the convex programming offers the advantage of readily computing a global optimal solution. Simulation results confirm the superiority of the proposed scheme over the competing RA method in terms of network lifetime and efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A RPL-based Routing Algorithm for Multimedia Traffic for the Internet of Things
Mohammad Khansari Farzaneh Mortazavi

According to enormous growths in communication networks, multimedia data will play a significant role on the Internet of Things in the near future. High volume of multimedia data leads to challenges such as reducing network lifetime and congestion. In this paper, a new More

According to enormous growths in communication networks, multimedia data will play a significant role on the Internet of Things in the near future. High volume of multimedia data leads to challenges such as reducing network lifetime and congestion. In this paper, a new objective function for the RPL routing protocol is proposed which addresses the characteristics of multimedia data in the routing process. In the objective function, node’s remaining energy and the remaining buffer capacity of nodes measures are combined using a weighted pair. In order to evaluate this method, input data is generated based on a video trace. Packet delivery ratio, network lifetime, nodes availability over the lifetime of the network, node energy distribution, and end-to-end delay are used to evaluate the proposed method. The evaluation results show that the proposed method increases the package delivery ratio compared to the standard RPL. This method also improves the lifetime of the nodes by distributing energy between the nodes in comparison with standard RPL and extends the node's availability over the lifetime of the network. Finally, it reduces the network congestion which led to a lower end-to-end delay. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Organizational Commitment in Knowledge base Startup Companies: the Team Coherence and Business Survival Factor in the Competitive Environment
Mehrdad Shafiei

Turn of the third millennium, the role of human resources so highlighted that some referred to as the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. This is especially true as more and more in knowledge based businesses. For a start up company, human capital is the m More

Turn of the third millennium, the role of human resources so highlighted that some referred to as the only source of sustainable competitive advantage. This is especially true as more and more in knowledge based businesses. For a start up company, human capital is the most important. The quality of this investment is more, probability of survival, success, and promotion of the business will more. In today's highly competitive and changing environment, creative and innovative human resource can help to achieve a competitive advantage. Organizations need to become learning and dynamic organizations. So their employees can develop the ability to adapt to changes in competition fields. Commitment, in brief is a person's inner feelings and attitudes towards the organization that influences on performance, judgment and loyalty towards the organization. As a result of continuous study and research on the factors of organizational commitment essential ingredients, managers can reconstruct, rehabilitate and restore of positive behaviors and organizational commitment or modify or eliminate damaging parts of this phenomenon.One of the concepts that can be used for analysis of entrepreneur team durability and the business survival is organizational commitment. In this article we attempt to discussed about the role of organizational commitment in possibility of work team integrity in the early stages of forming a business, based on a comparative study and by combining the concepts of organizational commitment and human resources in startup businesses.The purpose of this paper is to establish a correspondence between the importance of human resources in start-ups and their role in business survival and functions of organizational commitment in fulfilling these requirements. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Using Identification of Organization's life-cycle for Technology Acquisition Strategies
Mehrdad Shafiei

The answer to the question of technology development using internally developed methods of cooperation with other companies or buys the technology to be done, is one of the main aspects of a firm's technology strategy. After deciding on the technology development strate More

The answer to the question of technology development using internally developed methods of cooperation with other companies or buys the technology to be done, is one of the main aspects of a firm's technology strategy. After deciding on the technology development strategy many firms, in different stages of their life cycle, according to market requirements, corporate objectives and strategies use different ways for technology acquisition. Successful presence in the market for each firm requires the acquisition of technology in best and. Therefore, identification of technology acquisition strategies and strengths and weaknesses of each strategy is of great importance. One of the important issues raised in this context is that choosing the right combination of strategies through various strategies so that maximum benefit for the firm to be. Also, there are different methods for the acquisition of technology and technological cooperation in each Strategy, that according to the type of organization needs and technology content and terms of the transaction parties (companies), some of these methods are more efficient and more effective. One of the methods and tools that can determine the degree of relevance between technology acquisition strategy and organization situation is identifying the location of organization on its lifecycle curve. This paper is based on a comparative study with the combination of concepts of organization lifecycle and technology acquisition strategies, potential strategies for major firms in each of the stages of his life will be introduced. The purpose of this paper consists of establishing correspondence between the conditions in each of the stages of its life and general conditions for the adoption of any one of the main strategies for technology acquisition is necessary. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Suhrawardi’s Background in Advocating Mentally-Positedness of Existence
Mahmoud Hedayatafza Zeynab Bostani

Suhrawardi explicitly confirmed the “mentally-positedness of existence” in his most important works. He had correctly concluded the “external occurrence of existence to quiddity” from the works of Farabi and Ibn Sina and, while criticizing some of Ibn Sina’s words, had More

Suhrawardi explicitly confirmed the “mentally-positedness of existence” in his most important works. He had correctly concluded the “external occurrence of existence to quiddity” from the works of Farabi and Ibn Sina and, while criticizing some of Ibn Sina’s words, had adduced several arguments for his own view. However, some contemporary scholars, when analyzing his standpoints, have ignored his background regarding the mentally-positedness of existence and introduced him as the first person who advocated this view. In the present paper, after a brief account of Farabi’s and Ibn Sina’s arguments concerning the relationship between existence and quiddity in possible things, the authors have analyzed Suhrawardi’s critical approach to this issue and then referred to three different sources for his belief in the mentally-positedness of existence. His hidden sources in this regard consist of some of the words of Bahmanyar and Omar Khayyam which he has quoted without citing the names of these two scholars in order to support his own arguments for the mentally-positedness of existence. His obvious source is a text written by Ibn Sahlan Sawi in al-Mashari’ wa’l-mutarihat. Since the philosophy section of Hakim Sawi’s book is not available, one cannot correctly judge the quality and quantity of the influence of above-mentioned thinkers on Suhrawardi. Nevertheless, available evidence demonstrates the certainty of his frequent adaptations of Bahmanyar’s works on the rejection of the “external objectivity of existence”. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Athiri’s Heritage: Life and Works
Mehdi ‘Azimi

Athir al-Din Mufaddal Ibn Umar Abhari (590-663 AH) is a well-known Iranian mutikallim, philosophers, logician, mathematician, and astronomer. So far, Recher, Qanawati, Muwahhid, and Sariogulu have provided some heterogeneous reports of his life and works. In this paper, More

Athir al-Din Mufaddal Ibn Umar Abhari (590-663 AH) is a well-known Iranian mutikallim, philosophers, logician, mathematician, and astronomer. So far, Recher, Qanawati, Muwahhid, and Sariogulu have provided some heterogeneous reports of his life and works. In this paper, through criticizing previous studies and based on first-hand historical sources, the writer has tried to give a comprehensive and well-documented report of his life and works. Some of the new findings of this report are as follows: 1) the timeline of Abhari’s life, 2) a bibliography of his works (a list of his manuscripts and printed works), 3) a complete list of his masters, students, and contemporary thinkers, 4) critiques of Recher, Qanawati, and Sariogulu claiming that Abhari’s hometown was Mosul, 5) Sariogulu’s critique stating that Abhari was said to be from Samarqand because either he or his ancestors were originally from this city, and Muwahhid’s critique stating that old sources do not contain any information in this regard, 6) Sariogulu’s critique reporting that Abhari went to primary school in Mosul, 7) ‘Asqalani’s critique and, following it, the critiques of Sarkis, Kordali, and Mudarres Razawi, all claiming that Abhari found shelter with Abu al-fada’ in Hamat, and 8) A critique declaring that Abhari passed away in Mosul. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Presentation of interpretive structural model for claim management in the construction projects
seyed abolfazl mousavi morteza bagherpour

Claim management is one of the most important and challenging issue in projects in the world, and many of stakeholders of projects belive that the claims are one of the most destroyer in constraction industry. Growth of claims in construction projects has an inverse co More

Claim management is one of the most important and challenging issue in projects in the world, and many of stakeholders of projects belive that the claims are one of the most destroyer in constraction industry. Growth of claims in construction projects has an inverse correlation with triangular goals of project management (time, cost and quality), so increasing claims cause extension of time and cost and decrease in project quality. Claims are natural trait in construction industry. However we can’t remove contingency of this claims but we can, by identify main causes of claims and relation between them, prevent from contingency them in future projects.In this research, research data have been collected by literature review studies and interview with expert was conducted to identify the 34 causes of claims in construction projects.Then these causes by questionnaire in cluding frequency and intensity of impactwere distributed among experts.Then according to the result of this questionnairesthe most important causes of claim in construction projects are determined that they are contained 10 causes.a model for relationship between causes of claim in construction projects has designed byInterpretive structural modeling.At the end some suggestions has been presented to prevent the claim or to manage them. These corrective solutions have been presented base on model in 4 stage in procedure of project. research results show that between claims causes, these causes: selecting contractor on base low price without notice to qualification and technical ability, ambiguities in contract documents and clauses, unexpected change in exchange and interest and low price of contract due to high competition, have a significant effect and impressment on other causes, so they play important roles in preventing or decreasing claims. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Investigating organizational characteristics during the go-go and adolescence stages using the PAEI framework and the system dynamics approach
Ramin Mowlanaour Fatemeh Saghafi

Understanding the characteristics of an organization during different stages of its lifecycle help us make appropriate decisions at each stage in order for solving any problem. Employing the PAEI framework proposed by Adizes, and the system dynamics approach, we have an More

Understanding the characteristics of an organization during different stages of its lifecycle help us make appropriate decisions at each stage in order for solving any problem. Employing the PAEI framework proposed by Adizes, and the system dynamics approach, we have analyzed the characteristics and behavior of an organization during the go-go and adolescence stages of its lifecycle. Moreover, using the system dynamics analysis approach, we have plotted the causal feedback loops and stock-and-flow diagrams of each stage of the organizational lifecycle. Then, the output of the simulations of 100 months of the go-go and adolescence stages of the organizational lifecycle performed in the VENSIM software are obtained .Finally appropriate strategies have been proposed for tackling the problems that the organization may face in each stage of its lifecycle. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Prioritize Allocating Budget For Civil Project In Ministry of Sience, Research and Technology Using Fuzzy Anatical Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Topsis
Alireza Aliahmadi Mohsenali Shayanfar Mostafa Farmani

Recently, decisions and debates related to it, such as the allocation of credits for planes and projects at the country level and at managerial levels, are a major issue in organizations, ministries and official institutions of the country. The proposed model for budget More

Recently, decisions and debates related to it, such as the allocation of credits for planes and projects at the country level and at managerial levels, are a major issue in organizations, ministries and official institutions of the country. The proposed model for budget allocation is a tool for accelerating decision making by managers. In this research, which was conducted to prioritize development projects at Science Research and Technology ministry , in addition to the management decision making quicknessusing, it has been tried to answer the question ,which is the most appropriate choice among options available (projects) using multi-index models? This method is based on decision-making and decision-making matrix basis. To this end, in this research, a multi-index model is used to answer what factors are to be allocated This research studies how to design aeffective model for allocating credit to development of the construction projects in the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology using multi-criteria techniques. The purpose of this research is to identify and rank effective indicators on credit allocation and Their grading (importance coefficient) and choosing the optimal option and preparing a credit allocation model. After initial refinement among the indicators and criteria, using the fuzzy hierarchical process method and the fuzzy topisation method, which are the multi-Criteria decision-making methods and with the help of MATLAB software and other related software which is one of the most important tools for accelerating multi-criteria decision-making techniques, criteria and indicators are ranked and weighted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Portfolio strategies in industrial marketing With the product life cycle approach
hooshang nezamivand chegini

Determining the Portfolio Strategies Proper business-to-business placement in industrial marketing for parenting organizations or holdings is one of the most important tasks of planners. In this regard, there are many methods and techniques that many companies have outl More

Determining the Portfolio Strategies Proper business-to-business placement in industrial marketing for parenting organizations or holdings is one of the most important tasks of planners. In this regard, there are many methods and techniques that many companies have outlined for developing their own portfolio strategy. The use of the life-cycle model helps companies active in modern technologies and organizations active in the industrial market to first consider their strategies for each of the products without considering their internal constraints. Determine. In this approach, by analyzing the status of the indicators associated with the market, the stage of product life cycle, and determined by the status of organizations in leadership or follow-up, specify attractive products. This paper attempts to present the results of this approach to the Sina Electronic Development Company (holding ICT), one of the major companies active in the communications and information industry. The use of this approach and the results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of this method For industries or fields of modern technology. In this study, the strategic position analysis has also been used to improve the accuracy of the analysis, and the results are presented in the final section. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Optimizing Investment in Life Insurance Based on Goal Programming
Seyed Farhang Hoseini reza raei Ghadir Mahdavi

Investment management in life insurance is very important because of its specific features. Unlike other insurance policies, life insurance is long-term and focused mainly on return on investment. Also, due to the 85% participation of insurers in the surplus of intere More

Investment management in life insurance is very important because of its specific features. Unlike other insurance policies, life insurance is long-term and focused mainly on return on investment. Also, due to the 85% participation of insurers in the surplus of interest, the surplus in a period has little income for the insurance company,but the insurance company has a guaranteed return on the deficit. In addition, high return is one of the main factors of insurance companies competition in marketing. Also, insurance companies need to make sure they have enough liquidity to fulfill their obligations. Despite the fundamental differences between life insurance and property and liability insurance, No 60 Central Insurance Regulations do not differentiate between the investment of the above insurance reserves. In this study, we designed a portfolio optimization model for life insurance investments. Accordingly, the Markov Switching Vector Auto Regressive based on ideal optimization with contrasting goals set with the actual performance of the company. Optimization has been made in the portfolio of life insurance based on Moalem Insurance Company from 2012 to 2016. Investment weights have been implemented by simulating the Markov Switching VAR model with optimization objectives including maximizing insurance returns, minimizing shortfall, maximizing policyholder returns and minimizing liquidity shortages. Based on the results, the ideal planning optimization model produces more returns than the actual returns of the insurance and performs better in other objectives. As a result, this approach can be used to optimize life insurance investment portfolios in insurance companies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Identify the factors that influence public-private participation in urban civil engineering projects and provide an appropriate model. Case Study: Tehran Municipality.
esmaeel ghafari Karamollah daneshfard Gholamreza memarzadeh Tehran

Public-private partnership (PPP) is a new way to expand public services through the private sector. PPP have become common in providing high-quality infrastructure in many countries worldwide. One of the main reasons for PPP agreements is to improve efficiency and quali More

Public-private partnership (PPP) is a new way to expand public services through the private sector. PPP have become common in providing high-quality infrastructure in many countries worldwide. One of the main reasons for PPP agreements is to improve efficiency and quality in the delivery of public services, as well as to boost investments for expensive projects, which should be given more attention in Iran. This research is aimed at identifying effective factors in the success of public-private partnership Urban Civil Infrastructure Projects in Tehran Municipality and providing its model. The research method in this research is Applied, Field, Exploratory, Descriptive and causal. The statistical population of this study is all internal and external stakeholders are influential on private sector investment in Tehran Urban Civil Infrastructure Projects plans. In this study, using a questionnaire based on experts' opinions and research literature, data were collected and analyzed through Exploratory Factor Analysis. Factors affecting public-private participation in Tehran urban civil engineering projects and related model were extracted. The results of factor analysis show that the following seven factors affect the success of public-private partnership in our model, which are 1- Transparent processes and procedures 2- Knowledge, skills and support of managers 3- Legal support and incentives 4- Health of the administrative system 5- Political stability and support 6- Capacity Building 7-policy making. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Social media and value creation: the role of interaction satisfaction
Seyed Amir Hossein Madani Abolfazl Danaei gholamreza jandaghi

The variety of ways in which customers engage with brands through social media has become a challenge for brand managers. The challenge is how to use social media with a strategic approach and how much content to generate so that company-customer interactions can create More

The variety of ways in which customers engage with brands through social media has become a challenge for brand managers. The challenge is how to use social media with a strategic approach and how much content to generate so that company-customer interactions can create value for the organization. For this reason, it is important to know to what extent brands should focus on social media engagement satisfaction and its role in creating value for the organization. In this study, researchers will use descriptive and inferential statistics to analyze the data collected from the questionnaire to find the answer to this question. Also, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis along with structural equation model has been used for inferential data analysis. The results of this study suggest that high consumer satisfaction with brand interactions on social media is significantly effective in creating a higher customer longevity value for the brand. Also, high consumer satisfaction in brand interactions on social media has been effective in creating the value of higher customer influence for the brand, in creating the value of higher customer knowledge for the brand and in creating the value of customer knowledge. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Design of a CDS Backbone Based Wireless Mesh Network Energy Aware Routing Method for Maximizing Lifetime
A. Shafaroudi S. V. Azhari

In many applications, wireless mesh networks work by battery as a power source. In this scenario, routing method has a great impact on the network lifetime. In this research a new backbone based wireless mesh network routing method for maximizing lifetime has been prop More

In many applications, wireless mesh networks work by battery as a power source. In this scenario, routing method has a great impact on the network lifetime. In this research a new backbone based wireless mesh network routing method for maximizing lifetime has been proposed. This approach is compatible with the features provided by IEEE standard for wireless mesh networks. In this method, backbone routers are selected based on the maximum remaining energy. The proposed algorithm is compared with optimum and shortest path routing methods. Simulation results show acceptable increase in network lifetime in the proposed approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Improving Target Coverage in Visual Sensor Networks by Adjusting the Cameras’ Field-of-View and Scheduling the Cover sets Using Simulated Annealing
B. Shahrokhzadeh M. Dehghan M. R. Shahrokhzadeh

In recent years, target coverage is one of the important problems in visual sensor networks. An efficient use of energy is required in order to increase the network lifetime, while covering all the targets. In this paper, we address the Maximum Lifetime with Coverage Sc More

In recent years, target coverage is one of the important problems in visual sensor networks. An efficient use of energy is required in order to increase the network lifetime, while covering all the targets. In this paper, we address the Maximum Lifetime with Coverage Scheduling (MLCS) problem that maximizes the network lifetime. We develop a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm that divides the sensors’ Field-of-View (FoV) to a number of cover sets that can cover all the targets and then applies a sleep-wake scheduling algorithm. On the other hand, we have to identify the best possible FoV of sensors according to the targets’ location using rotating cameras, to reduce the solution space and find a near-optimal solution. It also provides the balanced distribution of energy consumption by introducing a new energy and neighbor generating function as well as escaping from local optima. Finally, we conduct some simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of our proposed method by comparing with well-known solutions in the literature such as greedy algorithms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Introducing a Fog-Based Algorithm for Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks
E. Mirzavand Borujeni D. Rahbari M. Nickray

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of thousands of small nodes. The small and inexpensive parts of these nodes have led to their widespread use in various fields. However, these networks have constraints on energy consumption, processing resources, and storage whic More

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) consist of thousands of small nodes. The small and inexpensive parts of these nodes have led to their widespread use in various fields. However, these networks have constraints on energy consumption, processing resources, and storage which have caused many studies to find solutions to reduce these constraints. In recent years, with the advent of the concept of Fog computing, many new and effective solutions are represented for routing in wireless sensor networks. Since in WSNs it is important to save alive nodes and reduce the energy consumption of nodes, fog computing is useful for this purpose. In most WSN routing protocols, the best way to send data to cluster heads and the base station is the major part of their studies. In the new protocols, the Fog computing have been used to find the best way. In these methods, we have seen decreasing energy consumption and increasing network lifetime. In this paper, we represent a fog-based algorithm for routing in WSNs. According to the simulation results, the proposed protocol improved energy consumption by 9% meanwhile the number of alive nodes is increased by 74%, compared to the reviewed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Lifetime Estimation of Distribution Transformers in Present of Harmonic Loads: Case Study of Ilam Distribution Transformers
A. Moradkhani M. H. Parhizgari D. Bagheri

One of the main components of distribution systems is transformer, and their failure will cause irreparable damage in power systems and distribution companies. These failures are to increase the losses of the transformers due to the increase of harmonics, especially the More

One of the main components of distribution systems is transformer, and their failure will cause irreparable damage in power systems and distribution companies. These failures are to increase the losses of the transformers due to the increase of harmonics, especially the current harmonics. These losses increase the temperature of transformers and reduced the lifetime of distribution transformers. In this paper evaluated losses and lifetime in the presence of harmonic loads in Ilam distribution transformers. Technical and practical assessments of the presence of harmonic loads and their effect on the lifetime of transformers have been investigated. According to the obtained results the useful lifetime of some transformers from 30 years to 17 years are decreased. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - An investigation on the humorous Persian Stories In terms of components of philosophical thinking
yahya ghaedy

The aim of this research is to compare philosophical thinking components in the humorous stories of the ancient and contemporary Persian literature. In order to achieve this goal, a story from Masnavi and a story from Tanz va Shukhtabei Mulla Nasreddin were selected and More

The aim of this research is to compare philosophical thinking components in the humorous stories of the ancient and contemporary Persian literature. In order to achieve this goal, a story from Masnavi and a story from Tanz va Shukhtabei Mulla Nasreddin were selected and analyzed. The criterion of comparison was Lipman's view about philosophical thinking components. These components were chozen from Lipman's works and were divided into three categories of critical, creative and caring thinking. In the second part, by using the deductive method and based on the theoretical framework provided in the first part, components of philosophical thinking were identified and analyzed in the the stories. The findings show that the selected story from Masnavi (The Fox and the Donkey in front of the Lion) is richer in the aspect of critical thinking and the two components of creative and caring thinking, being at the margin, make the story more powerful. As for the selected story of Tanz va Shukhtabei Molla Nasreddin (Bozorge Shahr), it is rich with regard to the creative and caring thinking. It provides a suitable platform for philosophical thinking because of the components of independence, innovation, testing, amazement, imagination, active and normative thinking. So, the two stories because of the components of philosophical thinking, are suitable for preparing this kind of thinking and they can be used in community of inquiry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Identifiers of City in View of the Holy Quran
جابر دانش

To understand the effects of physical, social, economic and management teachings of Islam about cities and explaining a model for the differentiation of cities in different periods, various studies have been conducted and various analyses have been presented, some of wh More

To understand the effects of physical, social, economic and management teachings of Islam about cities and explaining a model for the differentiation of cities in different periods, various studies have been conducted and various analyses have been presented, some of which consider the numerous religious references and texts on urban development. The specific nature of cities in the Islamic world and their concepts and inclusive common characteristics indicate the influence of the Islamic culture and their relationship with religious teachings. Thus, the Islamic city is a term introducing the cities influenced by the Islamic culture and values. This article, relying on references in Quranic verses to various aspects of architecture and urban planning as well as on the opinions of the commentators and philologists, has extracted reviewed and analyzed the identifiers and components of city in view of the Holy Quran while not considering the verses related to the life of the saints and eternal life. In this context, information and data have been collected and studied through analytic descriptive approach. The Holy Quran in order to avoid unnecessary and harmful construction refers to attributes such as security, peace, respect and compliance with natural and climatic conditions in urban and worldly development while also considering the ideal, perfect and absolute aspects in the heavenly abode. The style of the Quran in explaining the attributes of constructions is stressing the qualitative aspects in providing human social shelters and places. Basically, though, religious teachings do not mention detailed criteria and specific guidelines in this respect. Manuscript profile

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عباس محمودی

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1 Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges Facing “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives” in Iran
Behrouz Roustakhiz Soamye Kazemi

Cooperatives are the old institutions reliant on social capital to solve social problems. Also, in modern times, they are considered helpers of governments in solving social issues. In Iranian law, initiatives such as the establishment of “Development and Civil of Count More

Cooperatives are the old institutions reliant on social capital to solve social problems. Also, in modern times, they are considered helpers of governments in solving social issues. In Iranian law, initiatives such as the establishment of “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives” have been proposed to utilize the capacity of these institutions. Nevertheless, in practice, these cooperatives have faced challenges that have led to their failure. Therefore, the present study, which is based on a qualitative approach, aims to achieve the proposed strategies to use these cooperatives’ existing capacities and opportunities to meet the challenges facing them. In this regard, in the present descriptive-analytical research, in addition to written and online sources and documents, the text of the conservations with 30 of this field’s experts, beneficiaries, and involved people has also been analyzed through “content analysis.” According to the results of this study, the mentioned cooperatives have the capacities and opportunities, such as “facilitative legal capacities and opportunities,” the possibility of “achieving public benefit within the framework of economic capacities and opportunities,” and the potential of “flourishing local and indigenous capacities of cities.” On the other hand, they face challenges such as “cumbersome legal procedures and their non-implementation,” “undesirable interaction and improper support of government structures for cooperatives,” “difficulty in financing activities,” and “Institutionalizing distrust of cooperatives.” Finally, based on the research findings, the following strategies have been proposed for the success of “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives”: “clarification of laws,” “using resilient management,” “networking,” and “social entrepreneurship based on the comprehending and use of local capacities,” “structural trust,” and “effective advertising and education” strategies. Manuscript profile

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25 - Character, performance and influence of Saad ebn ebadeh Khazareji worship on Saqifa stream
Ramin Alizadeh Mahdi Goljan mahdi ansari

Sa'd ibn 'Abadah was a great companion of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and one of the first people from the people of Yathrib to believe in the Messenger of God (PBUH). He was the head of the Khazraj tribe and was one of the rulers and elders of Yathrib in the pre-Islami More

Sa'd ibn 'Abadah was a great companion of the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) and one of the first people from the people of Yathrib to believe in the Messenger of God (PBUH). He was the head of the Khazraj tribe and was one of the rulers and elders of Yathrib in the pre-Islamic period as well as Islam. In Aqaba, he was the head of the Khazraj tribe and participated in most of the Prophet's campaigns as the flag bearer of the Ansar in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The present study aims to identify the important position of the companions of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) in the events of the beginning of Islam and especially the events and happenings after the death of the Holy Prophet (PBUH). Therefore, it has analyzed the important and prominent role of this character as one of the elites of the society of the era in question and their impact on the course of affairs and events, and has examined his role in the incident of Saqifa Bani Saedeh. The story of Saqifa Bani Sa'deh is one of the strongholds of Islamic history, where the fate of Islam after the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was decided by choosing a successor. In the meantime, Sa'd ibn 'Abadah al-Khazraji played an important role in the formation of this trend. This study explains this event with a descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - -
HamidReza Sabbaghi Ali Abbasian

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Open Access Article

27 - Analysis of Opportunities and Challenges Facing “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives” in Iran
Behrouz Roustakhiz Soamye Kazemi

Cooperatives are the old institutions reliant on social capital to solve social problems. Also, in modern times, they are considered helpers of governments in solving social issues. In Iranian law, initiatives such as the establishment of “Development and Civil of Count More

Cooperatives are the old institutions reliant on social capital to solve social problems. Also, in modern times, they are considered helpers of governments in solving social issues. In Iranian law, initiatives such as the establishment of “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives” have been proposed to utilize the capacity of these institutions. Nevertheless, in practice, these cooperatives have faced challenges that have led to their failure. Therefore, the present study, which is based on a qualitative approach, aims to achieve the proposed strategies to use these cooperatives’ existing capacities and opportunities to meet the challenges facing them. In this regard, in the present descriptive-analytical research, in addition to written and online sources and documents, the text of the conservations with 30 of this field’s experts, beneficiaries, and involved people has also been analyzed through “content analysis.” According to the results of this study, the mentioned cooperatives have the capacities and opportunities, such as “facilitative legal capacities and opportunities,” the possibility of “achieving public benefit within the framework of economic capacities and opportunities,” and the potential of “flourishing local and indigenous capacities of cities.” On the other hand, they face challenges such as “cumbersome legal procedures and their non-implementation,” “undesirable interaction and improper support of government structures for cooperatives,” “difficulty in financing activities,” and “Institutionalizing distrust of cooperatives.” Finally, based on the research findings, the following strategies have been proposed for the success of “Development and Civil of Counties Cooperatives”: “clarification of laws,” “using resilient management,” “networking,” and “social entrepreneurship based on the comprehending and use of local capacities,” “structural trust,” and “effective advertising and education” strategies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Evaluation of Policies for the Timely Implementation of Iran's Government Infrastructure Construction Projects Using System Dynamics (SD) Approach
Mehrdad HajiEsmaili Ali mohammad Ahmadvand Marzieh Samadi-Foroushani

Objective: One of the major challenges in the management of construction projects is the lack of understanding of the mechanisms that cause delays in construction. In the meantime, government infrastructure construction projects have a more complex situation, so that th More

Objective: One of the major challenges in the management of construction projects is the lack of understanding of the mechanisms that cause delays in construction. In the meantime, government infrastructure construction projects have a more complex situation, so that the success in the timely implementation of a construction project within the framework of government laws is one of the biggest goals and concerns of managers and agents involved in these types of projects. Methodology: It can be the present study identifies the mechanisms of project time delay risks based on system dynamics in order to identify and evaluate policies for the timely implementation of construction projects. For this purpose, first the literature and background were examined and during the semi-structured interview with the participants of the research, the effective factors on the timely implementation of the Iranian government construction project were identified. In the continuation of the dynamic model of the timely implementation of the Anrani project, the simulation was carried out using the data of the infrastructure operation project of the first section of Mobarakeh railway, Sefidasht, Shahrekord. Conclusion: After validation; According to the results of the sensitivity analysis of the system dynamics model, the exploitation policies during the construction project were identified in three strategies of providing project financial resources, project planning and control, and accountability of the project beneficiaries. In the following, it was also designed and applied to the model with selected combined policies. comparing the behavior of key model The combined selected policy Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Measuring the Influencing Factors on Disputes and Claims of Contractors in Tehran Municipality (2014-2024)
saman sahraii hamidreza rabifard

Construction projects significantly contribute to a country's financial resources, yet claims and disputes have become common in these projects. Many stakeholders consider these disputes among the most destructive events in the industry. In most projects, there is a pos More

Construction projects significantly contribute to a country's financial resources, yet claims and disputes have become common in these projects. Many stakeholders consider these disputes among the most destructive events in the industry. In most projects, there is a possibility of claims from parties, particularly contractors, due to differences in project implementation systems. While eliminating claims is impossible, identifying the primary causes and origins of claims can help prevent them from occurring in projects. This study investigated the causes of disputes and claims by contractors in municipalities. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify potential factors affecting disputes and claims. Subsequently, a questionnaire was administered to 20 experts and specialists to validate these factors. The probability of disputes occurring and the average probability of these disputes converting into significant differences between contractors and municipalities were measured using statistical tests. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to classify the factors causing these differences, and the probability of conversion for each group was analyzed. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to rank the factors affecting these differences. The results showed that indicators related to the consultant's weaknesses and shortcomings, as well as those related to the employer's weaknesses and shortcomings, accounted for a significant share in the occurrence of disputes between municipalities and contractors. Specific issues such as the execution and timing of projects, duplication of work, delays in decision-making, and delays in obtaining necessary permits were found to contribute to disputes and claims. The study underscores the importance of effective project management, timely communication, and collaboration between contractors and municipalities to minimize disputes and claims. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Investigating how to finance, formulate and evaluate the first development program in Iran
nabi omidi

The first development program in Iran was approved by the National Council in February 1949, and then in July 1948, the law allowing the temporary implementation of the first development program was approved. The duration of this program was seven years. Before the app More

The first development program in Iran was approved by the National Council in February 1949, and then in July 1948, the law allowing the temporary implementation of the first development program was approved. The duration of this program was seven years. Before the approval of the first development program and during the Second World War, it is important that all economic sectors had negative and unstable growth. In the years leading up to the program, numerous domestic and foreign political problems caused the industrial facilities and factories that had been set up with government support in Iran to be on the verge of closure. The purpose of this research is to examine the foundations of the formation and formulation of the first development program, as well as to evaluate the results and its implementation. The purpose of this research is to investigate how to finance, how to formulate and evaluate the results of the first development program. This research is qualitative and has been done by document analysis. The results of the research show that among the financing sources of the first Program, oil income with 37.1% (7.8 billion Rials) and receiving a loan from the World Bank with 31.9% (6.7 billion Rials) are the main projected financial sources of the program (69% in total) due to The occurrence of important domestic and international issues of these resources did not materialize, which led to the suspension of the program. But this program, as the first national development program, became the basis of the development planning system in Iran, and during its implementation, the organization of the program was formed and limited measures were taken to modernize industries. Also, measures were taken to create new industries and improve the condition of railways and agricultural development. Manuscript profile

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