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Open Access Article

1 - Comparative analysis of entrepreneurial culture University of Semnan, and Industrial Estates Semnan
laleh jamshidi farshad moradi

This study is a descriptive view of the underlying component and factors influencing the development of entrepreneurial culture enumerated and explained the status comparative analysis between our entrepreneurial culture and Industrial Estates province of Semnan Univers More

This study is a descriptive view of the underlying component and factors influencing the development of entrepreneurial culture enumerated and explained the status comparative analysis between our entrepreneurial culture and Industrial Estates province of Semnan University explored. The study population consisted of all managers and experts in Semnan, 350 people, including 50 managers and experts in Industrial Estates is that Morgan and selected by stratified random sampling. Standard questionnaires for data collection, which McGuire validity content validity and reliability with Cronbach's alpha coefficient (86/0r =) respectively. Collected data using descriptive statistics including frequency distribution, measures of central tendency and dispersion (mean ± SD) and were analyzed by t-test. The main results of this study indicate that managers and experts from University of Industrial Estates and the entrepreneurial culture of collaboration and open communication in that there are significant differences,and the results showed that the status of the University of entrepreneurial culture and Industrial Estates Corporation is desirable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Risk factors for cattle lameness
Ahmadreza Mohamadnia

Lameness and its consequences are one the most important causes of economic losses in dairy farming. Lameness is a multifactorial condition that can be managed by knowing its risk factors and their importance in specific farms and conditions. Current article focusses on More

Lameness and its consequences are one the most important causes of economic losses in dairy farming. Lameness is a multifactorial condition that can be managed by knowing its risk factors and their importance in specific farms and conditions. Current article focusses on understanding value of causative agents and risk factors in a condition like lameness and evaluating risk factors in dairy farms. Risk factors were classified into farm building or environment factors (Top roof of the barns and its slop and height, flooring and its drainage, distance to milking parlour, milking parlour collecting area, alleys and foot bathes) Managerial factors (Nutrition and feeding, overstocking, herd composition, days in milk, cow movements in the herd, slurry cleaning and drainage, bedding) environment (Temperature, humidity, raining, wind, altitude, heat stress management) and cow factors (body condition scoring, milk production, concurrent diseases, time budgeting). Each factor was analysed in Iran’s dairy farming situation and applied methods of its management were discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Synthesis of smart nanoparticles polymer for extraction of phenoxy acid herbicides from water samples
Majid Tashi Gholam Abbas Fanaei Kheirabad sogol mirzaei Mehrdad pakzad Oskooi noorbakhsh Mirzaei Heydariyan Dehkordi هادی تابانی

Due to their high polarity andsolubility in water these acidic herbicides can be released from harvest fields and therefore pollute surface and ground waters. The World Health Organization (WHO) regulations set 70 ng mL−1 as the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of phenox More

Due to their high polarity andsolubility in water these acidic herbicides can be released from harvest fields and therefore pollute surface and ground waters. The World Health Organization (WHO) regulations set 70 ng mL−1 as the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of phenoxy acid herbicidesin drinking water [2]. Therefore, the presence of these chemicals inwater sources is highly objectionable for human and animal consumption. Due to the fact that the major sources of drinking water are ground water and river water, monitoring the acidic and polar herbicides in these water sources is quite necessary. Therefore, in this study, we focused on introducing a novel microgel sorbent in which the adsorption and desorption of analytes are controlled only by changing the pH value of the sample. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first report on employing a pH-sensitive magnetic microgel as a new sorbent. In order to increase the adsorption efficiency and rapidly separatethe sorbent from the sample matrix by an external magnetic field, microgel was grafted on magnetic nanoparticles. Finally, the optimized procedure was employed to determine these phenoxy acid herbicides in river water samples. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The co-education of Khorshid Shah and Ridak: the Comparison of Education in Two Texts of Khosrow Ghobadan and Ridaki (Pre-Islamic) and Samak Ayyar (6th Century Hegira)
Mohammad تمدن Abdolhossein Farzad

Some scholars believe that the history of “Samak Ayyar” story roots in pre-Islamic era and possibly in Parthia era. The comparative article is a comparison on educations provided and skills taught for “Khorshid Shah”, one the main heroes of “Samak Ayyar” book (written i More

Some scholars believe that the history of “Samak Ayyar” story roots in pre-Islamic era and possibly in Parthia era. The comparative article is a comparison on educations provided and skills taught for “Khorshid Shah”, one the main heroes of “Samak Ayyar” book (written in 585 Hegira) and “well-ambitious Ridak”, one of the Sassanid noblemen (The Pahlavi Text of Khosrow Ghobadan and Ridaki);. There are many similarities between their educations that can strengthen this possibility that Samak Ayyar is a pre-Islamic story. Research Method is a Library one and based on evidences from these two texts and attempts to prove abovementioned point. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Effect of Symbolism of Expression Methods of Nima Yushij Thoughts
حاتم قادری A m Mohammad kamalizadeh

We study in this article some political approaches of European Symbolist poets and reread Nima’s method of interaction with his time intellectual Currents to show that Nima’s political trends and his relation with intellectual ideologies and discourses of his time has c More

We study in this article some political approaches of European Symbolist poets and reread Nima’s method of interaction with his time intellectual Currents to show that Nima’s political trends and his relation with intellectual ideologies and discourses of his time has close similarity with dominant approaches found in thought and action of European Symbolists; in other words, Nima’s advocacy of symbolism- not the only factor- has a lot effect on his political trends and decisions. Among these, hegemonic intellectual discourses of his time and his method of facing with these discourses also had determinative role in promoting these trends. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Contrastive Study of Two Stories of Bon-bast (deadlock) and Samfoni -e Mordegan (the Symphony of the Dead) with Focus on Brothercide in Literature
mostafa gorji

Brothercide as a religious and historic myth, and originating from its archetype in the murder of Abel by his brother Cain, has always been associated with human’s triple concerns about ‘death’, ‘sin’, and ‘feeling of emptiness’. In classical Persian literature it has b More

Brothercide as a religious and historic myth, and originating from its archetype in the murder of Abel by his brother Cain, has always been associated with human’s triple concerns about ‘death’, ‘sin’, and ‘feeling of emptiness’. In classical Persian literature it has been expressed in different forms according to the prevail discourse of the time. In the present Article, the author tries to provide a contrastive analysis of Bon-Bast (a short war story by Mahmoud Dehghan), and Samfoni -e Mordegan, (a bestseller by Abbas Ma’roufi). First, an analysis of Bon-Bast is given; focusing the theme of brothercide, then it will be contrasted with Samfoni -e Mordegan. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Relationship between Symbolism and Utopian Thought in Nima’s Poetry
A m

Nima’s especial understanding of poetry and the poets’ status has a normative signification that results in depicting a kind of utopian vision in his poems. Stressing “imagination” in poetry, Nima like European symbolists, makes closeness and sameness between poetry an More

Nima’s especial understanding of poetry and the poets’ status has a normative signification that results in depicting a kind of utopian vision in his poems. Stressing “imagination” in poetry, Nima like European symbolists, makes closeness and sameness between poetry and truth, and then between the position of poet as poet and seer or clairvoyant. Such a closeness resulting in rejection of the present disorder, and offering an ideal world, is in line with the concept of ideology in political thought. In this way, Nima’s specific understanding of poetry gives way to a utopian thought that is known as the most obvious manifestation of social thought in his poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Spatial-temporal Analysis Hotspots Theft Crime in the City of semnan
Esmaeil Najafi Keramatalah Zayyari Ali Reza Darban Astaneh

10.29252/.1.4.1

Background and Purpose:Nowadays the problem of increasing the rate of delinquency and social deviations is one of the most important and most fundamental problem in many cities in the world. After years criminologists have found that certain locations effect on crime. S More

Background and Purpose:Nowadays the problem of increasing the rate of delinquency and social deviations is one of the most important and most fundamental problem in many cities in the world. After years criminologists have found that certain locations effect on crime. So in recent years researches about the interaction between the physical environment of cities and social ills and crime has become increasingly important. Theft is one of the most important types of crime and delinquency. There are a variety of different forms of theft at the community level. Method:This study, Identifying and Spatial-temporal Analysis of urban Crime Hotspots, have been conducted in Semnan. Geographical information system and SPSS software are used in this study to do spatial and temporal analyze. In this study some crimes have been studied as a sample that took place in legal limit of Semnan city in range of 1394/1/1 until 1394/29/12. Then after preparing a database of theft and using statistical and graphical tests, crime hotspots have been identified and analyzed in a spatial way in Semnan city. This is a descriptive and analytical research and data is provided by library and statistical information and field observations. Findings and results:The results showed that the urban crime hotspots of Semnan are in the Imam street. With more details this area extends from Imam square to Mazandaran crossroad. These hotspots also lay in Semnan market. This market is in the crowded and bustling part of city and has mostly commercial function and unsuitable physical structure. It is cleared that in terms of time, the highest rate of theft in Semnan city had occurred in warm months of year as well as the initial days of the week. The results showed that most of thefts had occurred in a time between 9 A.M until 13 P.M. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Foundations of Hindu Ethics: The Karma Theory
Abolfazl Mahmoodi

The quality of human life during this time of his life in this world and in the end is always influenced by your deeds and deeds and speeches. Karma means to act and the result of act that is influenced by human wants and instincts is seen in later life. By understandin More

The quality of human life during this time of his life in this world and in the end is always influenced by your deeds and deeds and speeches. Karma means to act and the result of act that is influenced by human wants and instincts is seen in later life. By understanding Karma, one can justify the present situation and prevent future births in the future. In order to get a good karma, you have to follow Dharma and gaining knowledge leads to the destruction of the karma. With the exception of Cārvāka, all Hindu systems agree more or less with Karma's theory. Everything is under the control of the Karmic law but this law is independent of divine will in sāṃkhya and Mīmāṃsā, and in the Buddhist and Jain religions, the gods are also influenced by the law of karma Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Purgatory life, Hearing the voice of the living by the dead, comparison of opinions of Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya with the viewpoint of Wahhabism
Omid Omidian

Purgatory life and related issues are linked with some Islamic traditions like Tawassul, Supplication from the souls of the righteous, and Visiting the graves. With emphasizing Purgatory life of the dead, majority of Muslims also accept Hearing the voice of the living b More

Purgatory life and related issues are linked with some Islamic traditions like Tawassul, Supplication from the souls of the righteous, and Visiting the graves. With emphasizing Purgatory life of the dead, majority of Muslims also accept Hearing the voice of the living by the dead that is the base for Tawassul and supplication from the souls of the righteous. Similar opinions of Ibn Taymiyah and Wahhabism in opposition to Tawassul and supplication, are associated with Consensus of Wahhabism and its predecessors about Purgatory life. But after analysis of opinions of Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Qayyim on one hand, and Wahhabism on the other hand we see a clear difference of opinions about Purgatory life and related issues such as Hearing the voice of the living by the dead. Ibn Taymiyyah in brief, and Ibn Qayyim in detail believe in Purgatory life and Hearing the voice of the living by the dead. However Wahhabism believes in limited Purgatory life and considers Not to Hear the voice of the living by the dead as the main principle. So this question remains; How Wahhabism claims to follow Ibn Taymiyyah and Ibn Qayyim about the issues of Purgatory life and Hearing the voice of the living by the dead, and how Wahhabism goes beyond its predecessors and disagrees with the majority of Muslims about these issues, and even disagrees with its Sheikhs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Economic Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Activities: Literature Review
Amineh Zivari Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh Reza Mazhari

10.52547/jstpi.20815.16.62.32

In the existing literature on entrepreneurship, there are various approaches to determining the factors affecting entrepreneurial activities, which can be explained in various disciplines of science. As an interdisciplinary study, entrepreneurship consists of aspects of More

In the existing literature on entrepreneurship, there are various approaches to determining the factors affecting entrepreneurial activities, which can be explained in various disciplines of science. As an interdisciplinary study, entrepreneurship consists of aspects of economic, historical, psychological, political, social and cultural studies. All of these studies focus on entrepreneurship from different points of views. Since, entrepreneurship is recognized as an appropriate tool for stimulating economic growth, increasing innovation and productivity and reduction of poverty, identification of determinants of entrepreneurial activity allows to design appropriate policies for increasing productivity and economic growth in a single economy. Due to the wide range of effective factors on entrepreneurial activities among countries, several studies have examined various effective factors. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the economic factors affecting entrepreneurial activities at the macro level, which, given the literature available in this field, has a greater impact than other factors. The present study was conducted using descriptive analysis, literature reviews and library resources such as books and theoretical and applied entrepreneurship papers. Finally, the collected resources were classified into two categories of supply and demand factors. The factors on the supply side include economic development, technological development, globalization, direct foreign investment and financial development, and demand factors include education, population growth, population density, income level, income gap, access to finance, Tax, labor market flexibility rules, political structure, immigration, unemployment rate, institutional characteristics and macroeconomic environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Survey of Fakhr Al Din Sammki’s paraphrase on Meibodi’s commentary of Hidayat al Hikmah
Taherehsadat mousavi mahdi najafi afra Maghsoud Mohammadi

A necessary research activity in each period is the revival of the works of thinkers and philosophers who have played an essential role in the history of the development and advancement of Islamic culture and teachings but have remained unknown to the world. Fakhr al-Dī More

A necessary research activity in each period is the revival of the works of thinkers and philosophers who have played an essential role in the history of the development and advancement of Islamic culture and teachings but have remained unknown to the world. Fakhr al-Dīn Samākī, known as Muḥaqqiq Fakhrī, is one of these philosophers who lived in the 10th century (AH). He was the student of Ghiyāth al-Dīn Manṣūr Dashtakī. He wrote some important works such as Glosses on Qūshchī’s Sharḥ-i tajrīd and Glosses on Maybudī’s Sharḥ al-hidāyah al-ḥikmah. Athīr al-Dīn Abharī’s Hidāyah al-ḥikmah consists of three chapters on logic, physics, and theology. Maybudī commented on its two chapters of physics and theology, and Samākī wrote glosses only on the first and second sections of the three sections of the chapter on physics of Maybudī’s Sharḥ al-hidāyah al-ḥikmah. Unlike Ibn Sīnā and Suhrawardī, Samākī did not found a specific school of philosophy; however, he managed to play a significant role as a mediator in the development of philosophical thought in general and turn into a source of inspiration for Mullā Ṣadrā in developing his Transcendent Philosophy. He did so through presenting some accurate critiques, conducting thorough investigations, and expressing specific and innovative views regarding certain topics discussed by mutikallimūn, Peripatetic philosophers, Illuminationists, and gnostics within the framework of some of his dependent and independent (commentaries and glosses) works. Among such views, reference can be made to his different interpretation of sollemī (stepwise) argument and the development of three new arguments on demonstrating the finitude of things, which have been discussed in this paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Unity of Being, Unity of Intuition, and Speaking of God
Ghasim Kakaie Tayyebeh Masoumi

One of the most important discussions in Islamic philosophy, kalam, and gnosis is speaking of God. The “unity of being” and “unity of intuition” have been proposed as two approaches to the quality of the relationship between the wayfaring gnostic servant and God and spe More

One of the most important discussions in Islamic philosophy, kalam, and gnosis is speaking of God. The “unity of being” and “unity of intuition” have been proposed as two approaches to the quality of the relationship between the wayfaring gnostic servant and God and speaking of Him. Each of these approaches has some representatives in the tradition of Islamic gnosis and each has specific beliefs regarding gnostic unity. In this paper, through explaining the theories of the unity of being (based on Ibn Arabi’s ideas) and the unity of intuition (based on ‘Ala al-Dawlah Semnani’s views), the writers initially discuss their differences concerning unity. Then they explore the concept of “personal God” as one of the necessities and basic principles of the theory of the unity of intuition as opposed to the Absolute God of the theory of the unity of being. Manuscript profile

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14 - Ontological Gradation of External Senses Based on the Transcendent Philosophy
Furugh al-Sadat Rahimpoor Jamal Ahmadi

In the philosophical tradition of Islamic philosophers, the discussion of the five-fold external senses takes place based on a particular criterion and order. Philosophers generally believe that the order of the senses from the lowest to the highest consists of touch, t More

In the philosophical tradition of Islamic philosophers, the discussion of the five-fold external senses takes place based on a particular criterion and order. Philosophers generally believe that the order of the senses from the lowest to the highest consists of touch, taste, smell, hearing, and sight, among which hearing and sight are subtler and nobler. Based on the principles of the Transcendent Philosophy, such as the trans-substantial motion, the given order develops an ontological and perfectional aspect, which is the reason why Mulla Sadra’s discussions of the soul in relation to the external senses generally enjoy an ontological nature. The ontological level of the first three senses in the given order is always fixed; nevertheless, regarding the ontological superiority of hearing and sight over each other, some pieces of evidence testify to the superiority of hearing over the other, and some others testify otherwise. In this paper, the writers have examined and analyzed the reasons behind the ontological order of the senses based on the Transcendent Philosophy. Moreover, given the particular attention paid to hearing and sight, they have evaluated the reasons adduced for the ontological superiority of these two senses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Design Evaluation System of Human Resources in the Social Security Fund of Semnan by using Fuzzy Data Envelopment Analysis
Abolfazi Danaei Seyedeh Nazereh Seif Hashemi

According to strategic importance of performance assessment, today a few limited numbers of organizations are going to guarantee the improvements of their personnel’s performance through an appropriate evaluation of their staff. For this purpose, the current research wa More

According to strategic importance of performance assessment, today a few limited numbers of organizations are going to guarantee the improvements of their personnel’s performance through an appropriate evaluation of their staff. For this purpose, the current research was done in social security fund of Semnan province. This research has followed a descriptive goal (based on a case study) with a comparative logic through a limited applicable process which is considered to be as the most crucial selected method in order to extract the information of documents and the organization. Receipt, tables and diagrams are referred to as the most important tools applied in this paper. The fuzzy data envelopment analysis was selected as the most appropriate method for analyzing the data based on the studies done. The results in this research indicate that the current traditional systems of assessment in the social security fund of Semnan province does not have enough efficiency and it does not have any effect on the increase of willingness and tendency of the staff. Therefore, a new system of assessment which was compiled on the basis of the fuzzy data envelopment analysis was represented to substitute the traditional system. This model had some strong points such as the personnel assessment without the manager`s verdict, having the ability to perform under the circumstance of uncertainly, the probable presence of an ideal virtual unit, and the evaluation of personnel based on the predetermined objects. There is a hope to see this part of the health services management to become more represented in the future by the conduction of the suggested assessment system in the research society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Array Processing Based on GARCH Model
H. Amiri H. Amindavar M. Kamarei

In this paper, we propose a new model for additive noise based on GARCH time-series in arraysignal processing. Due to the some reasons such as complex implementation and computational problems, probability distribution function of additive noise is assumed Gaussian. In More

In this paper, we propose a new model for additive noise based on GARCH time-series in arraysignal processing. Due to the some reasons such as complex implementation and computational problems, probability distribution function of additive noise is assumed Gaussian. In the different applications, scrutiny and measurement of noise shows that noise can sometimes significantly non-Gaussian and thus the methods based on Gaussian noise will degrade in an actual conditions. Heavy-tail probability density function (PDF) and time-varying statistical characteristics (e.g.; variance) are the most features of the additive noise process. On the other hand, GARCH process has important properties such as heavy-tail PDF (as excess kurtosis) and volatility modeling through feedback mechanism onto conditional variance so that it seems the GARCH model is a good candidate for the additive noise model in the array processing applications. In this paper, we propose a new method based on GARCH using the maximum likelihood approach in array processing and verify the performance of this approach in the estimation of the Direction-of-Arrivals of sources against the other methods and using the Cramer-Rao Bound. Manuscript profile

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17 - Energy Efficiency Trading, a New Tool for Long-Term Market Power Reduction in Restructured Environment
M. Behrangrad M. Parsa-Moghaddam M. K. Sheikh-El-Eslami

In this paper a new concept has been proposed to consider “Energy Efficiency” as a new commodity. The new commodity is based on DSM (Demand Side Management) and especially the strategic conservation techniques in the restructured environment. In the proposed method the More

In this paper a new concept has been proposed to consider “Energy Efficiency” as a new commodity. The new commodity is based on DSM (Demand Side Management) and especially the strategic conservation techniques in the restructured environment. In the proposed method the ability to improve efficiency is traded as a new commodity by some new players. The effect of new commodity trading is analyzed on the long-term market power reduction in parallel to available long-term solutions that mostly rely on generation solution. The numerical study according to real world data shows the potential and effectiveness of the proposed method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Design and Analysis of Low Frequency Communication Multipath Channel to Safe Transmitting Speech Signal in Persian Gulf
H. Bakhshi H. Shahbazi

One of the important applications of underwater communication is speech transmission between two divers or between divers and ship or submarine. This paper describes a project designed to investigate and demonstrate underwater communication system in Persian Gulf for sp More

One of the important applications of underwater communication is speech transmission between two divers or between divers and ship or submarine. This paper describes a project designed to investigate and demonstrate underwater communication system in Persian Gulf for speech transmission in a real channel. At first, transmitter is designed, then channel with real data is simulated by neural network and at last receiver is designed. Transmitted data is speech signal that for more secure transmission and low frequency bandwidth, a cryptography algorithm and speech coding algorithm is applied in transmitter. Quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signaling is employed to make efficient use of the available channel bandwidth. In the receiver, linear equalizer and decision feedback equalizer (DFE) are tested and the best scheme is applied. Also, ray tracing method is used for simulation of sound waves propagation in Persian Gulf underwater communication channel. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Simultaneous Implementation of Time of Use Demand Response and Security Constraint Unit Commitment
M. Kia M. Setayesh-Nazar S. M. Sepasian

The growing need of energy sources especially in industrial countries and the shortage of the fossil resources cause a great concern in many countries. Considering that in some periods of the day the energy price is increased, Demand side management is one of the soluti More

The growing need of energy sources especially in industrial countries and the shortage of the fossil resources cause a great concern in many countries. Considering that in some periods of the day the energy price is increased, Demand side management is one of the solutions that is implemented. The major change in demand side management is consideration of consumers' response to energy price variations. This paper investigates the effect of demand response implementation on cost reduction in stochastic security constraint unit commitment. Uncertainties in power system such as transmission lines and power plants outage is considered in the paper Considering that the simultaneous implementation of stochastic security constraint unit commitment and demand response is a complex and nonlinear problem that contain Continuous and discrete variables, the mixed integer programming is being used. Proposed method is simulated in simple 3 bud system and IEEE RTS 24 bus system and the results analyzed in the paper. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Joint Power-Location Optimization in Cooperative Airborne Relay Networks for 5G+
H. Amiri Mohamadreza Zahabi وحید مقدادی

Future cellular networks 5G+ promise high data rates, ubiquitous services everywhere and flexibility. Cooperative airborne relay networks (CARNs) is a promising system architecture that enables network coverage extension and reliability enhancement. This article determi More

Future cellular networks 5G+ promise high data rates, ubiquitous services everywhere and flexibility. Cooperative airborne relay networks (CARNs) is a promising system architecture that enables network coverage extension and reliability enhancement. This article determined the optimum relay location and allocate optimal power to minimize the average symbol error rate (ASER) of an aerial platform CRS with amplify-and-forward relaying protocol (AF-CRS) in the Nakagami-m fading channel. To achieve this goal, the ASER for the AF-CRS in the Nakagami-m channel for different modulations is calculated firstly. Then, we consider three scenarios. First, the optimal location of the AF relay with a given power allocation for the source and relay is determined. Second, the problem of optimizing power allocation for different relay locations is solved. Eventually, an algorithm for joint optimizing the power-location that leads to more efficient system operation is proposed. Also, we investigate the effect of the path-loss exponent, channel fading parameter, and relay altitude on the optimal relay location in the CARS. Finally, Simulations and numerical results are presented, that confirm the theoretical achievements and simulations show a more than 1 dB gain for the optimized system versus the non-optimized system. Manuscript profile

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21 - A Study Of Pass Of Risk And Its Review In Case Of Customer-Specific Options
ziba mirzaaqazadeh Reza Maghsoody

In case of contract of sale until the receipt is made, the guarantee will be the responsibility of the seller and in case of loss, the seller guarantee will be an example of the rule of loss of the seller before the receipt, but the rule of loss in the optional land wil More

In case of contract of sale until the receipt is made, the guarantee will be the responsibility of the seller and in case of loss, the seller guarantee will be an example of the rule of loss of the seller before the receipt, but the rule of loss in the optional land will not be optional. This is a challenge because according to this rule, despite the possibility of a bill, but under certain conditions, in case of customer-specific options, the loss will still be the responsibility of the seller, ie the party that does not have the option and the right to cancel will be responsible for the loss. The rule is contrary to the requirements of ownership. It should be sufficient with certainty and it should be considered as only three animal options, a condition and a parliament. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Tourism Policymaking, Local Community Support, Place Image, Tourism Impacts, Tourism in Semnan
Zohre Kiani FeizAbadi Farnaz NikKhah Elisa taherian

10.61186/journalitor.35991.11.24.219

Tourism policies widely affect the lives of local residents. On the other hand, the effectiveness of such policies depends on the local community’s support and participation. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the influence of the Local Community’s Place More

Tourism policies widely affect the lives of local residents. On the other hand, the effectiveness of such policies depends on the local community’s support and participation. Therefore, the present study sought to investigate the influence of the Local Community’s Place Image and their perception of tourism impacts on their support for tourism policies in Semnan. To this end, some 340 questionnaires were distributed among local residents, out of which 322 questionnaires were completed by the respondents. The collected data were then analyzed by PLS software using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the residents’ place image had a direct significant effect on their perception of tourism impacts and consequently on their support for tourism development policies. Moreover, the findings highlighted the necessity of evaluating tourism impacts based on the perceptions of residents, because the more favorable they consider the tourism impacts, the more support they give to tourism development policies. Finally, this study suggests some policy recommendations on how to manage the local community’s place image, their perceptions of tourism impacts, and their support for tourism policy-making. Manuscript profile

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23 - تحلیل سماع اموات با تاکید بر آیات 80 و 81 سوره نمل (با رویکرد قرآن به قرآن)
Zahra Hesaraki

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24 - Local care of the hooves (Footbath application)
Khosro Safari Nikroo mohammad ali sadeghi

Foothbathes are one of the most efficient methods of control and prevention of foot lamenesses specially hoof infectious diseases in dairy herd facilities. In this article different types of foothbathes, design and structure, solutions and renewal rates have been review More

Foothbathes are one of the most efficient methods of control and prevention of foot lamenesses specially hoof infectious diseases in dairy herd facilities. In this article different types of foothbathes, design and structure, solutions and renewal rates have been reviewed. Copper sulphate and formalin were the most frequently used solution and dimention of 81 cm of width, 3-3.7 m length and depth of 11 cm were introduced as standard dimentions. On the other hand due to environmental and human concerns these solution should be evacuated approperiatly. Also the most appropriate range of bath usage was between 1-4 times a day and 1-7 times a week and in each bath, between 100-300 cows can pass without significant reduction of chemical solution concentration. It should be noted that merely observing these instructions will not reduce digital diseases, and other health and disease control programs should be considered in the herd. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - Gait biomechanics and digital growth and weight bearing pattern in dairy cows.
mohammad ali sadeghi Khosro Safari Nikroo Mohammad mirhaj

Lameness is one the most important problems in dairy herds and a major cause of financial loss and pain and discomfort to animals. Different surveys have revealed that most lameness causing lesions in cattle originate in the claw and in order to better understand the cl More

Lameness is one the most important problems in dairy herds and a major cause of financial loss and pain and discomfort to animals. Different surveys have revealed that most lameness causing lesions in cattle originate in the claw and in order to better understand the claw disorders, one has to have good understanding of the anatomic structure, horn characteristics, and biomechanics of the claw. The claw is a direct product of the underlying living tissue and different factors affect the rate of horn growth and wear. Here, we aim to review the different factors effecting the horn growth and wear, weight bearing, and biomechanics of the claw. Manuscript profile

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26 - Applied Anatomy and Histology of the bovine hooves and limbs
Mohammad Mirhaj Mohammad Ali Sadeghi

Bovine hoof with its fine structures and accurate function is used for routine locomotion. This part of common integument has special characteristics to carry on a very high resistance to external/internal stimuli. Production and components of different parts of this sm More

Bovine hoof with its fine structures and accurate function is used for routine locomotion. This part of common integument has special characteristics to carry on a very high resistance to external/internal stimuli. Production and components of different parts of this small region vary and its variation in origin of production makes different protection against systemic disturbances or external/internal forces. Variation among species like cattle and horse limbs, expected performance (confinement and milk production versus athletic performance) and metabolic pressure on each animal results in different outcomes after hoof pathologies. For example, unlike horse, in cattle sinking of 3rd phalanx is more pronounced in the heel region. Horn capsule with its firm, sensitive and complex structure tries to neutralize the forces to which the limb is subjected. Any abnormality in hoof capsule vital tissues is a beginning for claw horn disruption lesion (CHDL) in a dairy farm. There are many hypotheses aiming to describe CHDL pathogenesis. No longer is it acceptable to believe that SARA = Subclinical laminitis. The disorder cannot be managed simply from a nutritional perspective and is Multifactorial. With better understanding of each part of this complex structure and the processes that occur after damage, a better understanding of the physiopathology of hoof capsule injuries is obtained. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - A review of common instruments usage in cattle hoof trimming
Ehsan Rostami Mojtaba Mohamaddoust Ahmadreza Mohamadnia

Hoof trimming devices and facilities play an important role in hoof trimming, health of hoof trimmer and cow. Hoof trimming is a dangerous task for bot cows and trimmers and trimmer should consider usage of proper instruments and facilities for doing good job. Personal More

Hoof trimming devices and facilities play an important role in hoof trimming, health of hoof trimmer and cow. Hoof trimming is a dangerous task for bot cows and trimmers and trimmer should consider usage of proper instruments and facilities for doing good job. Personal protections like usage of gloves, glass shields and trimming gown can help in improving health and security of the trimmer. In this current review hoof trimming devices like hoof scissors, hoof knives, sharpening of the hoof knives, angle grinders, hoof trimming discs were reviewed. Usage of angle grinders with proper disc may lower hazards for hoof trimmer and increase quality of hoof trimming and its final outcome. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Hoof blocks in dairy cows, fundamentals and techniques of application
Mojtaba Mohamaddoust Fatemeh Kohansal Reyhane Sangtarash Ahmadreza Mohamadnia

Digital lesions were treated by corrective hoof trimming, nonstroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hoof blocks on a sound claw. Any claw lesions including sole ulcer, white line diseases, toe ulcer, digital wall lesions, penetrating interdigital necrobacillosis should b More

Digital lesions were treated by corrective hoof trimming, nonstroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and hoof blocks on a sound claw. Any claw lesions including sole ulcer, white line diseases, toe ulcer, digital wall lesions, penetrating interdigital necrobacillosis should be treated using hoof blocks. Block height estimated as 25, width 50 and length 110 millimeters. Sound claw should be prepared for block adhesion with no eminence or any rugged part. The block should stick to the digit slightly toward the heel. Different glue and adhesives were used in hoof blocking. Functional glues generally divided in to two groups of Epoxy and Polyurethane. These glues are strong with good elasticity. Epoxy glues are synthetic glues consisting of two parts of resin and hardener and are stronger than polyurethane glues. Polyurethane glues are more tolerant than epoxies against rusting and trauma but because of Isocyanates are dangerous in use. Methymetacrylate adhesive glues are located between polyurethane and epoxy glues with strong and elastic features. Different techniques of hoof block usage were reviewed in this current study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Cattle functional and corrective hoof trimming (Fundamentals and methods)
Ahmadreza Mohamadnia

Hoof trimming consider as one of daily activities in dairy farms, as cows refer to hoof trimming chute several times annually. Hoof trimming is a hard work that needs special facilities, knowledge and skills with continuing education to reach optimum efficiency in farms More

Hoof trimming consider as one of daily activities in dairy farms, as cows refer to hoof trimming chute several times annually. Hoof trimming is a hard work that needs special facilities, knowledge and skills with continuing education to reach optimum efficiency in farms. Different hoof trimming techniques were used in past years and Dutch hoof trimming method published by Tussaint Raven consider as the first well explain method that still is the base of different hoof trimming methods around the world. However, White line reunion and Kansas methods also were used in different parts of the world. Hoof trimming were done in order to balance weight distribution between digits, transfer weight to normal digits and finding lesions in early stages. Corkscrew claws needs special trimming that were described in this article. Hoof trimming faults like over trimming of abaxial hoof wall, sole, heel and toe were mentioned in this article. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - Hoof trimming as a part of lameness control in dairy farms
Reyhane Sangtarash Marzieh Faezi

Production diseases and conditions is common on intensive dairy farming which lead to pain and uncomforting or death in affected animals. Lameness has negative effects on comfort and economic issues. In many cases, lameness is associated with pain, which may change the More

Production diseases and conditions is common on intensive dairy farming which lead to pain and uncomforting or death in affected animals. Lameness has negative effects on comfort and economic issues. In many cases, lameness is associated with pain, which may change the cow's motivation to perform certain behaviors (such as walking, lying, etc.) for pain reduction and discomfort. Reduced milk yield, poor reproductive performance, shortened productive time, increased culling risk and treatment costs are the major related economic losses. Despite all the negative effects of lameness on animals and the dairy industry, limited research has been done to evaluate preventive measures. Low awareness of lameness maybe the biggest problem in its detection and control. Lameness control strategies usually include hoof trimming and treatment of motility disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the importance of hoof trimming and its effect on claw health (effect of hoof trimming on infectious diseases, non-infectious diseases or other claw-related injuries), behavioral variables (lying time and locomotion score), physiological variables (heart rate, respiration rate, plasma cortisol level, etc.), production variables (milk production and reproduction) and other factors related to hoof trimming. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

31 - patellar luxation in dogs
Alireza Shaikhzadeh Amin Bigham-Sadegh

Patellar luxation is a common orthopedic problem in dogs. Both large and small breed dogs may be affected; the disease may be seen in cats as well. Medial luxation is more common than lateral luxation and is usually diagnosed in dogs of small breed. patellar luxation ba More

Patellar luxation is a common orthopedic problem in dogs. Both large and small breed dogs may be affected; the disease may be seen in cats as well. Medial luxation is more common than lateral luxation and is usually diagnosed in dogs of small breed. patellar luxation based on severity of occurred changes divided to 4 different grades. Patellar luxation is a congenital/developmental disorder, but it could be secondary to traumatic accident causing tearing or stretching of the joint capsule and fascia, leading to femoropatellar instability. Diagnosis is based on clinical evidence of patellar instability; however, diagnostic imaging is required to assess the amount of skeletal deformity and then the most appropriate method of treatment. Clinical signs of dogs with patellar luxation can vary from animal to animal and are only partially related to the degree of concomitant skeletal deformities. Lameness may be intermittent or continuous, and usually is a mild-to-moderate weight bearing lameness with occasional lifting of the limb. Concurrent rupture of the CrCL has been reported in a study in 41% of the stifle joints of dogs with medial patellar luxation. Surgical options include both soft tissue and osseous techniques, however, in most of the cases, a combination of more procedures is used to achieve the correction of the luxation. Complication rate is generally low and the most common complications include reluxation and implant-associated complications. Prognosis is generally favorable, with most of the dogs returning to normal limb function. This article describes patellar luxation features in dogs, including clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment options available Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - Geochemistry and Mineral Chemistry of the Ahowan intrusion rocks, northeast Semnan (Central Iran)
Saeed Kamran Ahmad Ahmadi Khalaji M. Rezaei-Kahkhaei Zahra Tahmasbi

The study rocks outcropped in the northeast Semnan area. These rocks, composed of monzogabbro-monzodiorite, was intruded in the Eocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Plagioclase and clinopyroxene are the main constituent minerals of these rocks. The study rocks represe More

The study rocks outcropped in the northeast Semnan area. These rocks, composed of monzogabbro-monzodiorite, was intruded in the Eocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Plagioclase and clinopyroxene are the main constituent minerals of these rocks. The study rocks represent granular and poiiklitic textures. Based on EMPA data, clinopyroxenes, and plagioclases are diopside and augite and andesine, labradorite and bitonite in compositions and formed in temperatures ranged from 1104 to 1168 and less than 700 °C respectively. On the basis of tectonic discrimination diagrams, the investigated samples fall into volcanic arc domain resulted in subduction of Neothetian oceanic lithosphere beneath Central Iran block. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Jurisprudential investigation of the mystical theory of Shari'ah, Tariqat, Truth and Sama in the school of mystics and mystics
Maryam Sayahi hormoz asadikohbad Masoud Pakdel

In this research, he investigated the jurisprudence of Shariat, Tariqat, Truth and Sama in the Sufi school from the perspective of Imamiyya jurists. In fact, this research is about one of the basic issues of Islamic mysticism and Sufism, that is, Sharia, Tariqat, Truth More

In this research, he investigated the jurisprudence of Shariat, Tariqat, Truth and Sama in the Sufi school from the perspective of Imamiyya jurists. In fact, this research is about one of the basic issues of Islamic mysticism and Sufism, that is, Sharia, Tariqat, Truth and Sama. Sharia is considered to be orders and commands sent by the Lord to guide the servants. Tariqat has also been defined by the special way and method of the seekers, which includes conditions and officials, and the mystics consider the truth to be the last abode of guidance, which is difficult to describe. Most of the mystics consider this stage with astonishment. In this research, we seek to understand the nature and relevance of the jurisprudential examination of Sharia, Tariqat, Truth and Sama in the school of mystics and Sufis from the perspective of Imamiyya jurists. The words Shariat, Tariqat, Truth and Sama have a long history in Islamic mysticism and Sufism. But the important point here is that the mystics of different schools expressed different opinions in this regard. Some of them consider the sharia necessary only in the initial stages of conduct and consider a mystic who reaches the truth as not needing to follow the rites of the sharia, but some believe that performing the outward affairs of the sharia is never a burden on a person, even if the mystic reaches the stage of truth. has arrived. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - "Samak" A review the name of the hero of the story "Samak Aiyar"
Abdul Rahim Ghanavat

Since the publication of the book Samak Ayar -written by Faramarz son of KhodadadArjani and edited by Parviz Natal Khanleri- which is one of the oldest examples of folk storytelling in the history of Persian literature, the name of the main hero of this story, everyw More

Since the publication of the book Samak Ayar -written by Faramarz son of KhodadadArjani and edited by Parviz Natal Khanleri- which is one of the oldest examples of folk storytelling in the history of Persian literature, the name of the main hero of this story, everywhere- From the cover of the book to the title and text of its Arabic and English translation and many articles published about it in various languages-Samak, has been recorded.The problem is that this famous name is not correct and there has been a big slip about its word and meaning.In this article, by introducing logical doubts, scrutinizing the historical inconsistencies and examining those reports of the text of the book in which the name of the hero of the story and its meaning have been discussed, this famous reading of the word Samak has been criticized and an effort has been made to the correct reading of this name and its meaning should be clarified.The result of this research reveals that the Persian literature about the name of the hero of the story Samak Ayyar has fallen into error from the very beginning. So it is time to compensate for it now. Manuscript profile

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