Risk factors for cattle lameness
Subject Areas :
1 - عضو هیئت علمی
Keywords: Risk factors, Lameness, Dairy cow, Nutrition, Overstocking, Hoof trimming,
Abstract :
Lameness and its consequences are one the most important causes of economic losses in dairy farming. Lameness is a multifactorial condition that can be managed by knowing its risk factors and their importance in specific farms and conditions. Current article focusses on understanding value of causative agents and risk factors in a condition like lameness and evaluating risk factors in dairy farms. Risk factors were classified into farm building or environment factors (Top roof of the barns and its slop and height, flooring and its drainage, distance to milking parlour, milking parlour collecting area, alleys and foot bathes) Managerial factors (Nutrition and feeding, overstocking, herd composition, days in milk, cow movements in the herd, slurry cleaning and drainage, bedding) environment (Temperature, humidity, raining, wind, altitude, heat stress management) and cow factors (body condition scoring, milk production, concurrent diseases, time budgeting). Each factor was analysed in Iran’s dairy farming situation and applied methods of its management were discussed.
References:
1. Motamedi N, Mohamadnia A, Khoramian B, Azizzadeh M. Evaluation of Mastitis Impact on Lameness and Digital Lesions in Dairy Cows. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery. 2018;13(1):39-46.
2. Remnant J, Green MJ, Huxley J, Hirst-Beecham J, Jones R, Roberts G, et al. Association of lameness and mastitis with return-to-service oestrus detection in the dairy cow. Veterinary Record. 2019.
3. Wolfenson D, Roth Z, Lavon Y, Leitner G, editors. Effects of mastitis on ovarian function and fertility in dairy cows. Reproduction in Domestic Ruminants VIII; 2019: Bioscientifica.
4. Espejo L, Endres MI. Herd-level risk factors for lameness in high-producing Holstein cows housed in freestall barns. Journal of dairy science. 2007;90(1):306-14.
5. Blowey R. Factors associated with lameness in dairy cattle. In Practice. 2005;27(3):154-62.
6. Rouha-Mülleder C, Iben C, Wagner E, Laaha G, Troxler J, Waiblinger S. Relative importance of factors influencing the prevalence of lameness in Austrian cubicle loose-housed dairy cows. Preventive veterinary medicine. 2009;92(1-2):123-33.
7. Cook NB, Nordlund KV. The influence of the environment on dairy cow behavior, claw health and herd lameness dynamics. The Veterinary Journal. 2009;179(3):360-9.
8. Solano L, Barkema H, Pajor E, Mason S, LeBlanc S, Nash C, et al. Associations between lying behavior and lameness in Canadian Holstein-Friesian cows housed in freestall barns. Journal of dairy science. 2016;99(3):2086-101.
9. Cook NB. Prevalence of lameness among dairy cattle in Wisconsin as a function of housing type and stall surface. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2003;223(9):1324-8.
10. Hatem M, Sadeq R, Samer M. Cooling, Shed hight, and Shed Orientation affecting dairy cows microclimate. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2004;21(3):12.
11. Dippel S, Dolezal M, Brenninkmeyer C, Brinkmann J, March S, Knierim U, et al. Risk factors for lameness in freestall-housed dairy cows across two breeds, farming systems, and countries. Journal of dairy science. 200.86-5476:(11)92,09.
12. Bran JA, Costa JH, von Keyserlingk MA, Hötzel MJ. Factors associated with lameness prevalence in lactating cows housed in freestall and compost-bedded pack dairy farms in southern Brazil. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2019;172:1047
13. Van Gastelen S, Westerlaan B, Houwers D, Van Eerdenburg F. A study on cow comfort and risk for lameness and mastitis in relation to different types of bedding materials. Journal of dairy science. 2011;94(10):4878-88.
14. Ito K, Von Keyserlingk M, LeBlanc S, Weary D. Lying behavior as an indicator of lameness in dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 2010;93(8):3553-60.
15. Chapinal N, Barrientos A, Von Keyserlingk M, Galo E, Weary D. Herd-level risk factors for lameness in freestall farms in the northeastern United States and California. Journal of Dairy Science. 2013;96(1):318-28.
16. Chapinal N, Liang Y, Weary D, Wang Y, Von Keyserlingk M. Risk factors for lameness and hock injuries in Holstein herds in China. Journal of dairy science. 2014;97.16-4309:(7).
17. Barker Z, Leach K, Whay H, Bell N, Main D. Assessment of lameness prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy herds in England and Wales. Journal of dairy science. 2010;93(3):932-41.
18. Burow E, Thomsen PT, Rousing T, Sørensen JT. Track way distance and cover as risk factors for lameness in Danish dairy cows. Preventive veterinary medicine. 2014;113(4):625-8.
19. Solano L, Barkema H, Pajor E, Mason S, LeBlanc S, Heyerhoff JZ, et al. Prevalence of lameness and associated risk factors in Canadian Holstein-Friesian cows housed in freestall barns. Journal of dairy science. 2015;98(10):6978-91.
20. Abdela N. Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and its consequence in dairy cattle: A review of past and recent research at global prospective. Achievements in the life sciences. 2016;10(2):187-96.
21. Kleen JL, Hooijer GA, Rehage J, Noordhuizen J. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A. 2003;50(8):406-14.
22. Tajik J, Nazifi S. Diagnosis of subacute ruminal acidosis: a review. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2011;5(2):80-90.
23. Plaizier JC, Krause DO, Gozho GN, McBride BW. Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: the physiological causes, incidence and consequences. The Veterinary Journal. 2008;176. 31-21
24. Krause KM, Oetzel GR. Understanding and preventing subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds: A review. Animal feed science and technology. 2006;126(3-4):215-36.
25. Shaver RD, editor Feeding to minimize acidosis and laminitis in dairy cattle. Proceedings; 2005.
26. Stone WC. Nutritional approaches to minimize subacute ruminal acidosis and laminitis in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 2004;87:E13-E26.
27. Nordlund KV, Garrett EF, Oetzel GR. Herd-based rumenocentesis-a clinical approach to the diagnosis of sub acute rumen acidosis. 1995.
28. Bramley E, Costa ND, Fulkerson WJ, Lean IJ. Associations between body condition, rumen fill, diarrhoea and lameness and ruminal acidosis in Australian dairy herds. New Zealand veterinary journal. 2013.9-323:(6)61.
29. Suarez-Mena FX, Lascano GJ, Heinrichs AJ. Chewing activities and particle size of rumen digesta and feces of precision-fed dairy heifers fed different forage levels with increasing levels of distillers grains. Journal of Dairy Science. 2013.93-5184:(8)96;
30. Beauchemin KA. Ingestion and mastication of feed by dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 1991;7(2):439-63.
31. Beauchemin KA, Yang WZ. Effects of physically effective fiber on intake, chewing activity, and ruminal acidosis for dairy cows fed diets based on corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science. 2005;88(6):2117-29.
32. Oehm AW, Knubben-Schweizer G, Rieger A, Stoll A, Hartnack S. A systematic review and meta-analyses of risk factors associated with lameness in dairy cows. BMC veterinary research. 2019;15(1):346.
33. Wang F, Shao D, Li S, Wang Y, Azarfar A, Cao Z. Effects of stocking density on behavior, productivity, and comfort indices of lactating dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 2016;99(5):37.
34. Charlton G, Haley D, Rushen J, De Passillé A. Stocking density, milking duration, and lying times of lactating cows on Canadian freestall dairy farms. Journal of dairy science. 2014;97(5):2694-700.
35. Ito K, Chapinal N, Weary D, Von Keyserlingk M. Associations between herd-level factors and lying behavior of freestall-housed dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 2014;97(4):2081-9.
36. Green L, Huxley J, Banks C, Green MJ. Temporal associations between low body condition, lameness and milk yield in a UK dairy herd. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2014;113(1):63-71.
37. Amory J, Kloosterman P, Barker Z, Wright J, Blowey R, Green L. Risk factors for reduced locomotion in dairy cattle on nineteen farms in the Netherlands. Journal of dairy science. 2006 (5)89: 1509.
38. Griffiths BE, Dai White G, Oikonomou G. A cross-sectional study into the prevalence of dairy cattle lameness and associated herd-level risk factors in England and Wales. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2018;5:65.
39. Daros RR, Eriksson HK, Weary DM, von Keyserlingk MA. Lameness during the dry period: Epidemiology and associated factors. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019;102(12):11414-27.
40. Mahendran S, Huxley J, Chang Y-M, Burnell M, Barrett D, Whay H, et al. Randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of foot trimming before and after first calving on subsequent lameness episodes and productivity in dairy heifers. The Veterinary Journal. 2017;220:105-10.
41. Stoddard GC, Cramer G. A Review of the Relationship Between Hoof Trimming and Dairy Cattle Welfare. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice. 2017;33(2):365-75.
42. Hirst W, Murray R, Ward W, French N. A mixed-effects time-to-event analysis of the relationship between first-lactation lameness and subsequent lameness in dairy cows in the UK. Preventive veterinary medicine. 2002;54(3):191-201.
43. Herbut P, Angrecka S, Godyń D, Hoffmann G. The physiological and productivity effects of heat stress in cattle–a review. Annals of Animal Science. 2019;1(ahead-of-print).
44. Cook N, Mentink R, Bennett T, Burgi K. The effect of heat stress and lameness on time budgets of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2007;90(4):1674-82.
45. Mashayekhi k, Seifi H, Mohamadnia A. The effect of Mycobacterium Avium Paratuberclusis infection on digital
46. diseases occurrence in dairy herds. 5th International Symposium of Veterinary Surgery; Tehran, Iran.2014.
47. Smith J, van Winden S. Risk of Lameness in Dairy Cows with Paratuberculosis Infection. Animals. 2019;9(6):339.
48. Daros RR, Eriksson HK, Weary DM, von Keyserlingk MA. The relationship between transition period diseases and lameness, feeding time, and body condition during the dry period. Journal of dairy science. 2019.
49. Ilbeigi K, Bokaie S, Aghasharif S, Magalhães RJS, Rashtibaf M. Risk factors for recurrence of FMD outbreaks in Iran: a case-control study in a highly endemic area. BMC veterinary research. 2018;14(1):253.
50. Kamal SA, Hassan RAE-R. Advanced Virological and Clinicopathological Studies On Cattle Suffering From Foot and Mouth Disease Virus. Journal of Immunization. 2017;1(1):33.
51. Randall L, Green M, Chagunda M, Mason C, Archer S, Green L, et al. Low body condition predisposes cattle to lameness: An 8-year study of one dairy herd. Journal of Dairy Science. 2015; (6)98: 3766.
52. Galindo F, Broom D. The relationships between social behaviour of dairy cows and the occurrence of lameness in three herds. Research in Veterinary Science. 2000;69(1):75-9.
1. Motamedi N, Mohamadnia A, Khoramian B, Azizzadeh M. Evaluation of Mastitis Impact on Lameness and Digital Lesions in Dairy Cows. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery. 2018;13(1):39-46.
2. Remnant J, Green MJ, Huxley J, Hirst-Beecham J, Jones R, Roberts G, et al. Association of lameness and mastitis with return-to-service oestrus detection in the dairy cow. Veterinary Record. 2019.
3. Wolfenson D, Roth Z, Lavon Y, Leitner G, editors. Effects of mastitis on ovarian function and fertility in dairy cows. Reproduction in Domestic Ruminants VIII; 2019: Bioscientifica.
4. Espejo L, Endres MI. Herd-level risk factors for lameness in high-producing Holstein cows housed in freestall barns. Journal of dairy science. 2007;90(1):306-14.
5. Blowey R. Factors associated with lameness in dairy cattle. In Practice. 2005;27(3):154-62.
6. Rouha-Mülleder C, Iben C, Wagner E, Laaha G, Troxler J, Waiblinger S. Relative importance of factors influencing the prevalence of lameness in Austrian cubicle loose-housed dairy cows. Preventive veterinary medicine. 2009;92(1-2):123-33.
7. Cook NB, Nordlund KV. The influence of the environment on dairy cow behavior, claw health and herd lameness dynamics. The Veterinary Journal. 2009;179(3):360-9.
8. Solano L, Barkema H, Pajor E, Mason S, LeBlanc S, Nash C, et al. Associations between lying behavior and lameness in Canadian Holstein-Friesian cows housed in freestall barns. Journal of dairy science. 2016;99(3):2086-101.
9. Cook NB. Prevalence of lameness among dairy cattle in Wisconsin as a function of housing type and stall surface. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2003;223(9):1324-8.
10. Hatem M, Sadeq R, Samer M. Cooling, Shed hight, and Shed Orientation affecting dairy cows microclimate. Misr Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2004;21(3):12.
11. Dippel S, Dolezal M, Brenninkmeyer C, Brinkmann J, March S, Knierim U, et al. Risk factors for lameness in freestall-housed dairy cows across two breeds, farming systems, and countries. Journal of dairy science. 200.86-5476:(11)92,09.
12. Bran JA, Costa JH, von Keyserlingk MA, Hötzel MJ. Factors associated with lameness prevalence in lactating cows housed in freestall and compost-bedded pack dairy farms in southern Brazil. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2019;172:1047
13. Van Gastelen S, Westerlaan B, Houwers D, Van Eerdenburg F. A study on cow comfort and risk for lameness and mastitis in relation to different types of bedding materials. Journal of dairy science. 2011;94(10):4878-88.
14. Ito K, Von Keyserlingk M, LeBlanc S, Weary D. Lying behavior as an indicator of lameness in dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 2010;93(8):3553-60.
15. Chapinal N, Barrientos A, Von Keyserlingk M, Galo E, Weary D. Herd-level risk factors for lameness in freestall farms in the northeastern United States and California. Journal of Dairy Science. 2013;96(1):318-28.
16. Chapinal N, Liang Y, Weary D, Wang Y, Von Keyserlingk M. Risk factors for lameness and hock injuries in Holstein herds in China. Journal of dairy science. 2014;97.16-4309:(7).
17. Barker Z, Leach K, Whay H, Bell N, Main D. Assessment of lameness prevalence and associated risk factors in dairy herds in England and Wales. Journal of dairy science. 2010;93(3):932-41.
18. Burow E, Thomsen PT, Rousing T, Sørensen JT. Track way distance and cover as risk factors for lameness in Danish dairy cows. Preventive veterinary medicine. 2014;113(4):625-8.
19. Solano L, Barkema H, Pajor E, Mason S, LeBlanc S, Heyerhoff JZ, et al. Prevalence of lameness and associated risk factors in Canadian Holstein-Friesian cows housed in freestall barns. Journal of dairy science. 2015;98(10):6978-91.
20. Abdela N. Sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA) and its consequence in dairy cattle: A review of past and recent research at global prospective. Achievements in the life sciences. 2016;10(2):187-96.
21. Kleen JL, Hooijer GA, Rehage J, Noordhuizen J. Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA): a review. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A. 2003;50(8):406-14.
22. Tajik J, Nazifi S. Diagnosis of subacute ruminal acidosis: a review. Asian Journal of Animal Sciences. 2011;5(2):80-90.
23. Plaizier JC, Krause DO, Gozho GN, McBride BW. Subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows: the physiological causes, incidence and consequences. The Veterinary Journal. 2008;176. 31-21
24. Krause KM, Oetzel GR. Understanding and preventing subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy herds: A review. Animal feed science and technology. 2006;126(3-4):215-36.
25. Shaver RD, editor Feeding to minimize acidosis and laminitis in dairy cattle. Proceedings; 2005.
26. Stone WC. Nutritional approaches to minimize subacute ruminal acidosis and laminitis in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science. 2004;87:E13-E26.
27. Nordlund KV, Garrett EF, Oetzel GR. Herd-based rumenocentesis-a clinical approach to the diagnosis of sub acute rumen acidosis. 1995.
28. Bramley E, Costa ND, Fulkerson WJ, Lean IJ. Associations between body condition, rumen fill, diarrhoea and lameness and ruminal acidosis in Australian dairy herds. New Zealand veterinary journal. 2013.9-323:(6)61.
29. Suarez-Mena FX, Lascano GJ, Heinrichs AJ. Chewing activities and particle size of rumen digesta and feces of precision-fed dairy heifers fed different forage levels with increasing levels of distillers grains. Journal of Dairy Science. 2013.93-5184:(8)96;
30. Beauchemin KA. Ingestion and mastication of feed by dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 1991;7(2):439-63.
31. Beauchemin KA, Yang WZ. Effects of physically effective fiber on intake, chewing activity, and ruminal acidosis for dairy cows fed diets based on corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science. 2005;88(6):2117-29.
32. Oehm AW, Knubben-Schweizer G, Rieger A, Stoll A, Hartnack S. A systematic review and meta-analyses of risk factors associated with lameness in dairy cows. BMC veterinary research. 2019;15(1):346.
33. Wang F, Shao D, Li S, Wang Y, Azarfar A, Cao Z. Effects of stocking density on behavior, productivity, and comfort indices of lactating dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 2016;99(5):37.
34. Charlton G, Haley D, Rushen J, De Passillé A. Stocking density, milking duration, and lying times of lactating cows on Canadian freestall dairy farms. Journal of dairy science. 2014;97(5):2694-700.
35. Ito K, Chapinal N, Weary D, Von Keyserlingk M. Associations between herd-level factors and lying behavior of freestall-housed dairy cows. Journal of dairy science. 2014;97(4):2081-9.
36. Green L, Huxley J, Banks C, Green MJ. Temporal associations between low body condition, lameness and milk yield in a UK dairy herd. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2014;113(1):63-71.
37. Amory J, Kloosterman P, Barker Z, Wright J, Blowey R, Green L. Risk factors for reduced locomotion in dairy cattle on nineteen farms in the Netherlands. Journal of dairy science. 2006 (5)89: 1509.
38. Griffiths BE, Dai White G, Oikonomou G. A cross-sectional study into the prevalence of dairy cattle lameness and associated herd-level risk factors in England and Wales. Frontiers in veterinary science. 2018;5:65.
39. Daros RR, Eriksson HK, Weary DM, von Keyserlingk MA. Lameness during the dry period: Epidemiology and associated factors. Journal of Dairy Science. 2019;102(12):11414-27.
40. Mahendran S, Huxley J, Chang Y-M, Burnell M, Barrett D, Whay H, et al. Randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effect of foot trimming before and after first calving on subsequent lameness episodes and productivity in dairy heifers. The Veterinary Journal. 2017;220:105-10.
41. Stoddard GC, Cramer G. A Review of the Relationship Between Hoof Trimming and Dairy Cattle Welfare. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice. 2017;33(2):365-75.
42. Hirst W, Murray R, Ward W, French N. A mixed-effects time-to-event analysis of the relationship between first-lactation lameness and subsequent lameness in dairy cows in the UK. Preventive veterinary medicine. 2002;54(3):191-201.
43. Herbut P, Angrecka S, Godyń D, Hoffmann G. The physiological and productivity effects of heat stress in cattle–a review. Annals of Animal Science. 2019;1(ahead-of-print).
44. Cook N, Mentink R, Bennett T, Burgi K. The effect of heat stress and lameness on time budgets of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2007;90(4):1674-82.
45. Mashayekhi k, Seifi H, Mohamadnia A. The effect of Mycobacterium Avium Paratuberclusis infection on digital
46. diseases occurrence in dairy herds. 5th International Symposium of Veterinary Surgery; Tehran, Iran.2014.
47. Smith J, van Winden S. Risk of Lameness in Dairy Cows with Paratuberculosis Infection. Animals. 2019;9(6):339.
48. Daros RR, Eriksson HK, Weary DM, von Keyserlingk MA. The relationship between transition period diseases and lameness, feeding time, and body condition during the dry period. Journal of dairy science. 2019.
49. Ilbeigi K, Bokaie S, Aghasharif S, Magalhães RJS, Rashtibaf M. Risk factors for recurrence of FMD outbreaks in Iran: a case-control study in a highly endemic area. BMC veterinary research. 2018;14(1):253.
50. Kamal SA, Hassan RAE-R. Advanced Virological and Clinicopathological Studies On Cattle Suffering From Foot and Mouth Disease Virus. Journal of Immunization. 2017;1(1):33.
51. Randall L, Green M, Chagunda M, Mason C, Archer S, Green L, et al. Low body condition predisposes cattle to lameness: An 8-year study of one dairy herd. Journal of Dairy Science. 2015; (6)98: 3766.
52. Galindo F, Broom D. The relationships between social behaviour of dairy cows and the occurrence of lameness in three herds. Research in Veterinary Science. 2000;69(1):75-9.
