Background: Resistance training improves skeletal muscle function by affecting the proteins of the nervous system. However, there are conflicting results regarding the effects of resistance training on Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) gene expression. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of increasing resistance training on NCAM gene expression in the gastrocnemius muscle of healthy male rats. Materials and Methods: In an experimental trial, 12 young male rats were randomly divided into 2 groups of 6, including the control and resistance training groups. The training group performed increasing resistance training 5 days a week for 4 weeks on a special rodent ladder. Forty-eight hours after the end of the training intervention, the rats were sacrificed and the gastrocnemius muscle tissue was extracted for the expression of the NCAM gene using the real-time method. Results: resistance training in the neuromuscular junction, gastrocnemius muscle increased NCAM gene expression (P=0.036) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Four weeks of resistance training can improve skeletal muscle function by increasing NCAM gene expression at the end of muscle fibers. Manuscript profile