trend

Open Access Article

1 - Statistical analysis of the temperature of 35 long-term meteorological stations in Iran during 1960-2010
mostafa karampoor Mohammad moradi hooshang ghaemi behrouz nasiri

This study was conducted to determine the long-term behavior of the series of the minimum average temperature and maximum average temperature as well as to identify the hot and cold periods of 35 Iranian stations during the period of 1960-2010.Initially, in order to und More

This study was conducted to determine the long-term behavior of the series of the minimum average temperature and maximum average temperature as well as to identify the hot and cold periods of 35 Iranian stations during the period of 1960-2010.Initially, in order to understand the changes in the minimum and maximum temperatures, the average maps of minimum and maximum temperatures and their coefficient of variation were drawn using the Kriging method. Then, by using of the Mann-Kendall statistical test, the significance of the trend on each station was tested at 95% confidence level. Finally, with the use of the 20% high and low probabilities of the minimum and maximum averages temperature during the 50-year study period, cold and hot courses were identified. The results show that the dispersion and temperature distribution on Iran in the seasonal and annual scale follows a similar pattern, which indicates a regular temperature regime in the region. The range of day-to-day variations in most of the study synoptic stations, except for the winter season which has been decreasing in most of the points, does not show a significant change. The average effect of minimum temperatures on seasonal scale during the studied period is higher on the average temperature of different regions of Iran. The most frequent occurrence of cold periods is in the first half of the study period and the most frequent occurrence of warm periods is in the second half of the study period, especially in the 2000s. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Temporal- Locational Investigation of Dust Hazard (Case Study: Yasouj and Dogonbadan Stations)
Ali Modabberpour Amir Gandomkar Morteza Khodagholi

Dust is one of the common phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions and can have significant effects on the climatic conditions of an area. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the dusts in Kohkiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. In this regard, codes 6 More

Dust is one of the common phenomena in arid and semi-arid regions and can have significant effects on the climatic conditions of an area. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the dusts in Kohkiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad provinces. In this regard, codes 6, 7, 8, 9, 31, 32 and 35 of dusts were investigated at Yasouj, Dugonbadan, Thay, Dehdasht, Likak and Imamzadeh Jafar stations on daily, monthly and annual basis. At first, the frequency of daily, monthly and yearly codes was checked at all stations and their daily calendar was prepared. Then the zoning maps from all of the codes were mapped in the months of the year and finally, the number of days with dust was investigated at Yasouj and Dogonbodan stations. The results showed that Dogonbadan Station with the frequency of 2381 had the highest dust incidence during the statistical period. The review of codes indicates that the two codes 6 and 7 were the most frequent at all stations. Code 6 at Dogonbadan, Likak, Imamzadeh Jafar and Thirud stations in 2012 was at Yasouj Station in 2009 and at Dehdasht station in 2008, with the highest frequency. Code 7 was also reported at Dogonbadan Station in 1992 and at Yasouj Station in 1371. The process of dusts at Yasouj and Dogonbadan stations also indicate that both cold-run stations in the year have had a drought-reducing process and the warm months have not been trendy. Both stations showed an increasing trend on an annual basis Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Monitoring of Iran Monthly Temperature Trend based on database output European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA Interim Version

The role of temperature and the importance of its transformation has led to a serious attention to this climate over the last few decades. The rising temperature in some regions of Iran and its possible implications have led to serious concerns for researchers and plann More

The role of temperature and the importance of its transformation has led to a serious attention to this climate over the last few decades. The rising temperature in some regions of Iran and its possible implications have led to serious concerns for researchers and planners. The aim of this study is to determine the spatial transformation of Iran's temperature over the past four decades. In order to evaluate this trend, the ERA Interim European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) database was used during the 1979-2015 period with a spatial resolution of 12566 × 125/0 ° arc per month with 9966 cells. Non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen's Slope methods were used to reveal the temperature trend. The results showed that four months of February, March, May and October experienced a one-way (incremental) temperature trend. The highest average of the country's seasonal increase was due to the winter season and its minimum was fall season. In all months of the year, the regions of the country that were between 30 to 35 degrees north have experienced the most significant incremental trend. The cold and temperate regions of the country have been experiencing higher temperatures than other areas. Also, the negative trend of south-east and south (Bushehr coastal areas) of Iran is due to four reasons: 1. Mineralization of the climate of the area; 2. Increased airborne weather conditions; 3. Precipitation vapor; and 4. Clouds and range of temperature changes. The maximum average temperature gradient of the country was at 11.1 ° C in February, and its minimum level was as high as 0.002 ° C in November. In general, Iran's winters are getting warmer, and this will be considered a serious threat to the country's flood victims. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigation and Correlation Test of Temperature Time Series and Dusty Days in Hamedan Province
Amir Gandomkar

Dust has always been considered as one of the most important environmental hazards and has undesirable environmental impacts. This study aims to investigate the trend of dusty days and temperature time series in Hamedan province and the effect of temperature series on t More

Dust has always been considered as one of the most important environmental hazards and has undesirable environmental impacts. This study aims to investigate the trend of dusty days and temperature time series in Hamedan province and the effect of temperature series on the number of dusty days. In this regard, the number of dusty days as well as average temperature, minimum temperature and maximum temperature of the stations in Hamedan, Nozheh Hamedan and Malayer, during the statistical period of 1992-2012, were used. At first, the Normality test of the data was performed by Anderson-Darling test and then the normal and abnormal months were separated. Then for non-normal months, Mann Kendall test and for normal months, t test and Least Squares method were used. Finally, the Correlation test was performed, using the Pearson Correlation and Linear Regression tests. The results showed that the temperature time series in the months with specific trends have been increasing. Also, the number of dusty days has decreased in the cold months of the year and increased in the warm ones. According to the Prediction model, the occurrence of this phenomenon will have an increasing trend in the future. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The analysis of Daily trend of air pollutants in Tehran Metropolis
Mohammad

In this study, used to data from six major pollutants measurable standards Tehran air containing sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone gas (O3 In a period of usually 11 years from 2002 to 2012 f More

In this study, used to data from six major pollutants measurable standards Tehran air containing sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone gas (O3 In a period of usually 11 years from 2002 to 2012 for a total of 4018 to analyze and assess the historical distribution of pollutants in the atmosphere in Tehran. In this study different methods included descriptive statistics, linear trend component analysis of time series in particular, descriptive statistics, polynomials, and exponential regressions and Mann-Kendall nonparametric method for detection of the significance of trends have been used. Historical trend analysis data showed that the SO2 air pollution in Tehran with a share of 3, CO, with linear, NO2 and O3, with a view to contribute degree 2 is a better fit. The particulate matter 2.5 and 10 micron did not show clear and significant trend during the study period. Results of mann -Kendall showed that the variation of pollutants CO, NO2, O3 with 95 % confidence intervals was significant, but the variability of the pollutants CO and particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5 aren’t significant. Therefore according to the historical data of some air pollutants in Tehran and is expected to continue its current NO2 air pollution in Tehran has increased significantly and will continue to air pollution in Tehran with regard to the above mentioned pollutants continue. But if emissions of CO and particulate air pollutants PM2.5 and PM10 with the current trend continues, a significant decrease of pollutants is not expected, but the current trend is expected to continue the process and pollutant emissions of CO. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Religious Trend in Post-Revolutionary Persian Novel
داوود شادلو Zainab Saberpour

In contemporary fiction, a new trend in story writing emerged after revolution. Its agenda was to record the religious values as human virtues. This research aims at investigating the ups and downs and changes in this trend while the diversity and multiplicity of the wr More

In contemporary fiction, a new trend in story writing emerged after revolution. Its agenda was to record the religious values as human virtues. This research aims at investigating the ups and downs and changes in this trend while the diversity and multiplicity of the writers and the works have also been considered. In this research, 15 stories of three different time periods including Islamic revolution, reconstruction and reforms have been chosen and analyzed in a targeted way to illustrate all the aspects of Iranian writers’ efforts in writing religious novels. In doing so, in order to analyze the texts and explain their relation to historical, social and political contexts, methods introduced in discourse analysis have been used with a focus on narrative components. An overview of novels in these three decades shows the general trends related to the main political and social discourses. In 1980’s, some first time novelists mostly consisted of sensational revolutionary young writers published their novels. Revolution, war and the related values were the main themes in these writers’ works, and in most of their works, religious insights have been affected by the dominant political discourse. In the second period, religious novels targeted more diverse themes and audiences, and tried to communicate their insights in a more diverse and novel ways. In the third period, the writers paid more serious attention to the artistic form for reflecting the themes which match the writers’ worldviews and approaches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Studying the Trends in Fictions Written By Iranian Immigrants
Reza Shajari

In recent decades, Iranian immigration and in particular the migration of the writers and the publication of their works have created a special phenomenon. Literary texts created by those writers and poets who are living abroad have established certain tendencies, trend More

In recent decades, Iranian immigration and in particular the migration of the writers and the publication of their works have created a special phenomenon. Literary texts created by those writers and poets who are living abroad have established certain tendencies, trends and particular literary approaches outside the borders of the country. The collective body of literary works created abroad, have been named differently by different critic based on the characteristics and features that they have outlined. The authors’ issues, how they have left the country, how long they have been living abroad, and the content of their works are of great importance in defining and classifying these literary works. Furthermore, different trends can be identified in stories written abroad. In the present article, stories written by Iranian immigrants are analyzed as politics-oriented, identity-oriented, and women's stories. In the '60s up-to-the mid-'70s the politics-oriented stories are the most frequent ones. This trend is emerged by political groups and activists, and focuses on the revolution and the issues surrounding it. From the mid-70s onwards, the identity-oriented trend became the major one. In this trend, themes such as the differences between the motherland and the other-land, and the ways the immigrants encounter the new world are highlighted through the narratives about identity. Also, there were many immigrant female writers who narrated the lives and issues of female immigrants from a feminine perspective. In these stories, the ways in which women face the new world and the issues they encountered in Iran are amongst the main themes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Technology Watch” via “Information Technology
Kiyarash Jahanpour

Information is power, but knowledge is more powerful .information in patents and papers are good source of codified knowledge. Everyday a higher number of businesses make use of information from patents (as a main indicator of technology) and papers(as a principal More

Information is power, but knowledge is more powerful .information in patents and papers are good source of codified knowledge. Everyday a higher number of businesses make use of information from patents (as a main indicator of technology) and papers(as a principal indicator of science) to see what products and systems are appearing in our globe. In an era of rapidly expanding digital content, overwhelming data available on the web and the high speed of S&T progress makes it difficult for experts to extract useful knowledge without powerful tools and they need to find new ways of reviewing and managing vast quantities of textual information. “Technology watch” is a collective voluntary process with which the companies work the information in an active manner. Purpose of “technology watch” is to gather process and integrate the technical information. TW has at least 3 objectives: Facilitating the innovation process; Easy and cost effective access to information and Answering to technological questions and problems. “Technology Watch” maintains awareness at all levels of global S&T through a combination of human-based overt and IT-based approaches for analyzing and tracking the myriad S&T outputs. Powerful IT-based techniques, such as text mining, now exist to identify and extract relevant data from the S&T literature and are especially useful in making sense out of disjointed and disparate data. Regarded by many as the next wave of knowledge discovery, text mining has very high commercial values. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Identifying future trends and charting the ideal status of vocational technical education from the experts' point of view
sorur sefidgar sefidgar Hosein Aliahmadi Jeshfaghani Ali Reza Ali Ahmadi

According to the objectives, this research is an applied-developmental research. From a data gathering perspective, it is integrated. Interaction analysis method was used to collect, analyze and combine quantitative and qualitative data. The analytical research method w More

According to the objectives, this research is an applied-developmental research. From a data gathering perspective, it is integrated. Interaction analysis method was used to collect, analyze and combine quantitative and qualitative data. The analytical research method was identified by analyzing the research literature related to the global trends of technical education development. From the point of view of educational experts, a group of 30 experts and experts in formal technical and vocational education, with a forward-looking and strategic perspective, with judicious and purposeful sampling, the most important global trends in technical and professional education development. Summarized and summarized the opinions, 22 trends were finalized. Then, the interaction effects, the effectiveness and impact of these trends were estimated. Findings show that variables such as "network community", "national competency framework", "orbital competence approach" and "population" are the most important factors influencing future educational attainment. Manuscript profile

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