Modernization

Open Access Article

1 - Attitudes of the Poets of the Constitutional Period to Religion
Mohammad غلامرضایی زهره ملّاکی

In the constitutional period, when Islamic tradition and modern civilization faced each other, due to their differences, clergymen and intellectuals who were the effective social forces of the time reacted differently to it. Intellectuals were of three types: against re More

In the constitutional period, when Islamic tradition and modern civilization faced each other, due to their differences, clergymen and intellectuals who were the effective social forces of the time reacted differently to it. Intellectuals were of three types: against religion; pro-religion but with stress on instrumental use of it; and pro-religion believing in compatibility of Islam and modern civilization. Clergymen were of two types: conservatives, against modernity; and constitutionalists believing in compromise between Islam and democracy. This article, using the method of qualitative content analysis, and studying the poems of seven popular poets of this period, surveys their attitudes to religion. The research reveals three main current of thought among the poets: one places religion against modernity and believes that modernization demands total removal of religion from society. Other flow believes in eliminating most religious traditions, changing their function, and emphasizes just on faith dimension of religion. The third current accepts modernization on the ground of religious traditions, and supports the change and reform to some of them just through Ijtihad. This movement stresses the preservation of religion in society. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Mirzadeh Eshqi and the Modernization Issue
علي محمدي

In the chaotic and overexcited era of the Constitutional Period, Mirzadeh Eshqi was a live and vibrant poet; fortunate enough to think about modernization. Within the versified worldview of Eshqi one can observe all the aspects of the phenomenon now known as "modernizat More

In the chaotic and overexcited era of the Constitutional Period, Mirzadeh Eshqi was a live and vibrant poet; fortunate enough to think about modernization. Within the versified worldview of Eshqi one can observe all the aspects of the phenomenon now known as "modernization". The feature most of notice in the structure of thought and approach of Eshqi is his paradoxical and heterogeneous attitude towards the different dimensions of modernity. Eshqi's ideas constantly flow within a black and white whirlpool approach; in other words there are constant changes. Therefore such an entirety-seeking thinking would be full of paradoxes. In Eshqi's worldview, there is not any share for wisdom and rationality; where this atmosphere mostly represents a picture of destruction, seeking revolution and carnage. Eshqi is so nervous and vehement natured that once he views an instance, he tends towards exaggeration and observes all human beings the same; regardless of whether they are good or bad. In overall, Eshqi's attitude towards the Iranian individuals is filled with paradox and contrasts. This article surveys the concept of modernization in Eshqi's poetry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The investigation of social capital concept in triple paradigms of development (modernization, dependence, global system)
Saeed Attar

this paper tries to answer this question that in which of the main development paradigms (modernization, dependence, global system), the concept of social capital and its constituents have been given attention? For answering this question, first of all, the comprehensiv More

this paper tries to answer this question that in which of the main development paradigms (modernization, dependence, global system), the concept of social capital and its constituents have been given attention? For answering this question, first of all, the comprehensive definition of social capital is presented. then considering this definition and through definition and analytic method, and via the data gathering instruments in existing librarian sources ,the writings of most prominent intellectuals of these paradigms are studied. The findings of the research shows that the social capital in recent tendencies of modernization paradigm, because of the attitude toward faculties and internal factors(introspection) and emphasizing social and cultural variables in the development procedure of countries, has been focused to some extent. The relative commitment of modernization paradigm toward social capital, can be considered as its forte (strong point) and make its endurance possible in golden age of social capital Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Factors and backgrounds of the emergence of new commercial complex at Modernization beginning of the first Pahlavi period (Case study: Qom)
masoud nari ghomi mehdi momtahen Ali Omrani pour

The history of popular architecture of Iran has rarely been a subject of academic inquiry. During transitional period of modernity (from late Qajar dynasty to the early Pahlavi era) some small commercial complexes emerged in larger cities of Iran that were largely disti More

The history of popular architecture of Iran has rarely been a subject of academic inquiry. During transitional period of modernity (from late Qajar dynasty to the early Pahlavi era) some small commercial complexes emerged in larger cities of Iran that were largely distinct from traditional elements of Bazaars specially Tymchehs, but they were not completely copied from European examples. Here through interpretative-historical research method and based upon original documents and contextual reasoning, the roots of emerging of such mediatory commercial architectural patterns are studied. Three foreign patterns are discussed as model for these commercial examples: Badestens of Ottomans, Russian passages and Parisian arcades. Other than some internal factors are also analyzed and amongst them are demolition of houses for new street, conflicts of Reza Shah with bazaar merchants, the role of travelers to the West, the impact of new architectural technologies and the extension of traditional architectural patterns. The effectiveness of every factor is studied and documented for the examples of the city of Qom. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The sociologically study of the Cohabitation in Tehran City
Masoumeh Motlaq mahdieh ghoreishi

The purpose of this research is the sociologically study of cohabitation phenomenon in Tehran city. In recent years, family institution has experienced many changes which one of them is known cohabitation as a new emerging style of common life. According to nature and s More

The purpose of this research is the sociologically study of cohabitation phenomenon in Tehran city. In recent years, family institution has experienced many changes which one of them is known cohabitation as a new emerging style of common life. According to nature and subject qualitative research is considered and a purposeful method of sampling and snowball sampling are applied for achieving to theoretical saturation; therefore, in this research 60 person of that experienced cohabitation in 17th Area of Tehran were interviewed. The analyzing of data is based on grounded theory method. The impact factors in the phenomenon of cohabitation can be classified in three categories. The findings show that the following factors have the most impact, including; economic factors (unemployment, lack of job security, costs of marriage) legal factors (the responsibility of marriage, unfair contract between partners and so on) social factors (social changes, generation oppositions, sexual abnormalities and the increasing of conflicts in the society). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Changes in the Family in Contemporary Iran Emphasis on Marriage and Divorce
shahla kazemipuor

The institution of the family in Iran has faced important changes during the last few decades, such as a transition from extended family to a nuclear family, an increase in marriage age, a decrease in the marriage rate, an increase in absolute celibacy, a change in crit More

The institution of the family in Iran has faced important changes during the last few decades, such as a transition from extended family to a nuclear family, an increase in marriage age, a decrease in the marriage rate, an increase in absolute celibacy, a change in criteria for choosing a spouse and increase in divorce. The purpose of this study is to present a picture of the evolution of the family and introduce theoretical approaches with an emphasis on the state of marriage and divorce. To explain the evolution of the family, three theoretical approaches have been used, "modernization theory", "second demographic transition theory" and "postmodern theory". In this study, two methods of "documentary" and "secondary analysis" were used. First, the topics related to the background, literature and research theories have been used from available scientific sources. And then, by referring to the data of the results of the censuses, the civil registration organization and the national survey report, the developments of marriage and divorce have been explained. The results showed that during the last four decades, the share of extended families has decreased and the net marriage rate has decreased, the average age of marriage and divorce rates have increased, and the criteria and methods of choosing a spouse and the attitude towards divorce have changed from traditional dimensions to modern ones. To make policies to increase the marriage rate, reduce the age of marriage and reduce the divorce rate, because the causes of most of the changes that have emerged are socio-cultural, it is suggested that instead of providing loans and facilities for marriage or issuing a directive to reduce divorce,special measures should be takenin the field of cultural issues and to change the lifestyle components in the country. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Sociological explanation of the impact of modernization and social networks on ethnic tendencies Case study: Ilam province)
Abdolhossein Rahmati Nabiallah Ider Abdolreza Hashemi

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating modernization and social networks, two important components of globalization and its effect on the ethnic tendencies of the people of Ilam province, to show how the identities of the people of Ilam province relat More

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating modernization and social networks, two important components of globalization and its effect on the ethnic tendencies of the people of Ilam province, to show how the identities of the people of Ilam province relate to global identities. In this research, the statistical population is all people living in the province. Ilam with a population of 580,158 people, based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size is 270 people, and the sampling method is simple probability, the survey method and the data collection tool of Hop Rashnameh. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the data and face validity method was used to measure the validity. The results of the research were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, variance analysis and regression analysis. They are an important component of globalization, there is a significant relationship with ethnic tendencies. This means that traditional communities like Ilam province have become dependent on the modern world, which has caused a decrease in the sense of belonging and ethnic attachment of the people of Ilam province. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the ethnic trends in Ilam province, unlike the past, in the contemporary era, have gone out of a solid and uniform state, and modernization and social networks have had an impact on it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Analysis of Innovation System Elements in Modernization and Industrial Growth in Iran, England and Denmark (Example of the 19th and 16th centuries AD)
sayyed atollah sinaee abazar Ashtari Mehrjardi

The path of modernization and growth of industrial technologies passes through the historical developments of countries, and in this sense, industrial growth is a complex process in which many factors play a role in its realization. Based on the historical experiences o More

The path of modernization and growth of industrial technologies passes through the historical developments of countries, and in this sense, industrial growth is a complex process in which many factors play a role in its realization. Based on the historical experiences of societies, various theories have been presented regarding industrial development and growth that may emphasize aspects of this phenomenon. This research is based on the research project of Boras and Landvall, comparing the government functions and the historical experience of Iran, regarding the creation of the ball casting and metal melting industry and industrial modernization at the beginning of the 19th century with similar experiences of Cannon, Gun and Butter in two historical periods in England and Denmark and then examines the technology policy of these countries in the form of innovation system theories. The main question is that despite the factors of the innovation system in Iran's industrial modernization experience at the beginning of the 19th century and government measures in this regard, why did the industrial modernization program of Iran not succeed? This research is historical comparative in terms of development goal and in terms of institutional method, and its data was collected by library method. The results show that the lack of institutional evolution and the formation of a systematic interactive relationship between the elements of innovation caused Iran's industrial modernization program and technology policy did not succeed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - work ethic in human resources :Family, religiosity and negating the modernization
Sedigheh Bahiraie akbar etebarian

Present research is conducted to determine the impact of family, religiosity and commitment to traditional value (modernization negation) on employees’ work ethic in Ilam Petrochemical Company. It is an applied study in terms of its purpose while in terms of methodology More

Present research is conducted to determine the impact of family, religiosity and commitment to traditional value (modernization negation) on employees’ work ethic in Ilam Petrochemical Company. It is an applied study in terms of its purpose while in terms of methodology, it is survey-type explanatory one. Its population consists of all staff (n = 226) in Ilam Petrochemical Company determined by sample volume table of Cohen and Krejcie & Morgan. A questionnaire is used to collect relevant data. Work ethic with C. Petty’s inventory (1990), modernization and family with structured questionnaire, religiosity with Glozari’s summarized questionnaire (2000) were measured by Cronbach’s alpha and stability ratios of 0.82, 0.81, 0.79 and 0.76 respectively. The results from data analysis by regression test and path analysis indicate that based on religiosity and commitment to traditional values, family forecasts almost 40% of changes in employees’ work ethics. Likewise, family, religiosity and modernization negation have direct and indirect impacts on work ethics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Sociological explanation of the impact of modernization and social networks on ethnic tendencies Case study: Ilam province
Abdolhossein Rahmati نبی اله ایدر Abdolreza Hashemi

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating modernization and social networks, two important components of globalization and its effect on the ethnic tendencies of the people of Ilam province, to show how the identities of the people of Ilam province rel More

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating modernization and social networks, two important components of globalization and its effect on the ethnic tendencies of the people of Ilam province, to show how the identities of the people of Ilam province relate to global identities. In this research, the statistical population is all people living in the province. Ilam with a population of 580,158 people, based on Cochran's formula, the statistical sample size is 270 people, and the sampling method is simple probability, the survey method and the data collection tool of Hop Rashnameh. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the data and face validity method was used to measure the validity. The results of the research were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, variance analysis and regression analysis. They are an important component of globalization, there is a significant relationship with ethnic tendencies. This means that traditional communities like Ilam province have become dependent on the modern world, which has caused a decrease in the sense of belonging and ethnic attachment of the people of Ilam province. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the ethnic trends in Ilam province, unlike the past, in the contemporary era, have gone out of a solid and uniform state, and modernization and social networks have had an impact on it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Examining the Components of Implementing Sustainability in the Alborz Industrial Heritage Building
شیرین ستوده

<p>Sustainability is a crucial aspect in developing countries that is increasingly gaining attention from construction groups due to the need to preserve the planet's life. Sustainability encompasses components that require thorough consideration in each building, and p More

<p>Sustainability is a crucial aspect in developing countries that is increasingly gaining attention from construction groups due to the need to preserve the planet's life. Sustainability encompasses components that require thorough consideration in each building, and prioritizing these components is essential for their revitalization. This study aims to refine the sustainability components specific to the case study and prioritize them in the revitalization of the Alborz Industrial Building. The research follows a nested mixed-methods approach, starting with a systematic review of past studies and first-rate research to refine the existing sustainability components. Subsequently, a Delphi future research method with three phases—brainstorming, narrowing down, and selection—is used to further refine the variables. A Likert-scale questionnaire is then developed and distributed to visiting experts. In this phase, inferential statistics for component prioritization are analyzed using JMP software. The results indicate that the reuse of these buildings falls under 4 main pillars of sustainable development and 9 key areas. The correlation between the dimensions in the sustainability outcomes of utilizing industrial architectural heritage shows the highest correlation between the social and environmental dimensions (0.655) and the lowest between the economic and cultural dimensions (0.199). In fact, by strengthening the social and environmental dimensions, the lifespan of the building can be increased. Therefore, focusing solely on increasing capital cannot ensure the sustainability of a building.</p> Manuscript profile

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