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Open Access Article

1 - Parametric analysis of a broadband Archimedean spiral antenna with cavity
Hamed noroozy Shahrokh jam

In this article an Archimedean spiral antenna is designed and analyzed that has good operation in broadband application. By analyzing this design, the effects that different parameters have on antenna operation will be studied and ways of optimization will be found. In More

In this article an Archimedean spiral antenna is designed and analyzed that has good operation in broadband application. By analyzing this design, the effects that different parameters have on antenna operation will be studied and ways of optimization will be found. Influences of cavity height and number of turns to obtain good matching and gain in a frequency interval of 4 to 18 GHz will be discussed. In addition, using cavity wall around the antenna, side lobes are decreased or deleted. By tapering the arms at feeding center, better matching will be attained. For making S11 bandwidth better, increasing the cavity height or reducing the number of turns can be used. Changing number of turns does not have a significant effect on the gain. To improve the antenna gain, the cavity height needs to be adjusted such that the reflected wave from cavity and radiated wave from spiral arms are constructing. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Discourse Analysis of Iran and Iraq War
Heidar Shahriari

Islamic revolution that provided a new discourse in Iran socio-political area carrying a new discourse in foreign policy too that it contained concepts like against-arrogance (Istekbarsetizi), Jihad, poor government and … . but it did not take long from beginning that I More

Islamic revolution that provided a new discourse in Iran socio-political area carrying a new discourse in foreign policy too that it contained concepts like against-arrogance (Istekbarsetizi), Jihad, poor government and … . but it did not take long from beginning that Iran encountered a destructive war from Iraq’s Baath’s regime that analyzing, explaining and interpreting it in different theories and approaches, can indicates its different aspects. In line with it, the main question is that what is the reason of occurring Iran-Iraq war? The forward hypothesis is that the area and context of conflict among Islamism discourse in Iran’s foreign policy and geopolitics discourse in Iraq’s foreign policy, on the one hand, and the conception and interpreting of Iraq’s commanders about Islamism discourse and its existing situation, on the other hand, caused the occurrence. The findings of this essay that is in form of library and documental method indicate that antagonism of Iraq’s geopolitics discourse (with revolution exportation contrast, Pan-Arabism and security signifiers) toward Islamism discourse of Islamic revolution (with revolution exportation, fighting against arrogance and national interestssignifiers) is clearly observable and what made Iraq as the war beginner, was Iraq’s officials conception aboutIran’s political instability situations at that time and the opposite discourse conflict with Iraq’s discourse. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Wideband Log Periodic-Microstrip Antenna with Elliptic Patches
hamed ghanbari foshtami Ali Hashemi Talkhouncheh Hossein Emami

10.7508/jist.2013.02.005

A broadband microstrip antenna based on log periodic technique was conceived and demonstrated practically. The antenna exhibits a wideband characteristic comparing with other microstrip antennas. Over the operation frequency range, i.e. 2.5-6 GHz, a 50 Ω input impedanc More

A broadband microstrip antenna based on log periodic technique was conceived and demonstrated practically. The antenna exhibits a wideband characteristic comparing with other microstrip antennas. Over the operation frequency range, i.e. 2.5-6 GHz, a 50 Ω input impedance has been considered. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Standard Deviation Characterization of a Small Size Reverberation Chamber by Using Full-wave Simulation and E-Field Probe
Ehsan Poodineh Farhad Ghorbani Reza Asadi Hadi Aliakbarian

10.7508/jist.2019.02.003

Reverberation Chamber (RC) is a new type of measurement equipment used in electromagnetic compatibility and antenna tests and capable to produce an almost uniform electric filed inside a Working Volume (WV). In this paper, the field uniformity of an actual small size RC More

Reverberation Chamber (RC) is a new type of measurement equipment used in electromagnetic compatibility and antenna tests and capable to produce an almost uniform electric filed inside a Working Volume (WV). In this paper, the field uniformity of an actual small size RC is studied. At first, the mode density of the chamber which should be larger than unity is investigated. In the next step, the Standard Deviation (SD) of a small size RC, as a field uniformity criterion is investigated in an existing RC. A highly detailed three-dimensional model of chamber including its stirrers, antenna, WV, and its door create to verify the field uniformity of a RTS60 reverberation chamber. The removal of reverberation chamber’s stirrers shows that they have a direct effect on the uniformity of field. As the stirrer moves during the test, the effect of three different position of stirrer on the field uniformity is investigated. The transmission antenna, as an important component of these rooms, is simulated and investigated separately. The reflection coefficient of that antenna fit the working frequency band of the chamber. In a real scenario, the SD of the chamber is measured by using an electric field probe. A comparison between the simulation and measurement also is done in order to confirm the uniformity of the electric fields. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Performance Analysis of Hybrid SOM and AdaBoost Classifiers for Diagnosis of Hypertensive Retinopathy
Wiharto Wiharto Esti Suryani Murdoko Susilo

10.52547/jist.9.34.79

The diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy (CAD-RH) can be made by observing the tortuosity of the retinal vessels. Tortuosity is a feature that is able to show the characteristics of normal or abnormal blood vessels. This study aims to analyze the performance of the CAD More

The diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy (CAD-RH) can be made by observing the tortuosity of the retinal vessels. Tortuosity is a feature that is able to show the characteristics of normal or abnormal blood vessels. This study aims to analyze the performance of the CAD-RH system based on feature extraction tortuosity of retinal blood vessels. This study uses a segmentation method based on clustering self-organizing maps (SOM) combined with feature extraction, feature selection, and the ensemble Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost) classification algorithm. Feature extraction was performed using fractal analysis with the box-counting method, lacunarity with the gliding box method, and invariant moment. Feature selection is done by using the information gain method, to rank all the features that are produced, furthermore, it is selected by referring to the gain value. The best system performance is generated in the number of clusters 2 with fractal dimension, lacunarity with box size 22-29, and invariant moment M1 and M3. Performance in these conditions is able to provide 84% sensitivity, 88% specificity, 7.0 likelihood ratio positive (LR+), and 86% area under the curve (AUC). This model is also better than a number of ensemble algorithms, such as bagging and random forest. Referring to these results, it can be concluded that the use of this model can be an alternative to CAD-RH, where the resulting performance is in a good category. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - A Study of Conceptual Authority in Discerning the Condition of Banning Halal and Authorizing Haram in Imamiya Jurisprudence
Seyed Abolqasem Naqibi Sajjad Razaghi

The condition of banning Halal and authorizing of Haram is one of the most important discussions in Imamiya jurisprudence. Jurists consider the proviso enforceable in case the condition does not ban Halal nor authorize Haram. There is difference of opinion among them on More

The condition of banning Halal and authorizing of Haram is one of the most important discussions in Imamiya jurisprudence. Jurists consider the proviso enforceable in case the condition does not ban Halal nor authorize Haram. There is difference of opinion among them on conceptual authority in discerning the condition of banning Halal and authorizing Haram. Some jurists like Sheikh Ansari are of the opinion that the condition leading to authorization of an unchangeable rule on Haram and banning an unchangeable rule on Halal, shall be considered an instance of banning Halal and authorizing of Haram. Some other jurists, like Mohaqeq Yazdi and Nayini believe that the verdicts must first be divided into mandatory and conditional rules before expressing any authorization or banning. In mandatory rules, the late Naraqi – like Sheikh Ansari – only considers commitment to unchangeable rules (Wajib or religiously obligatory act and Haram or religiously forbidden) against the Book and Sunnah or tradition, however, commitment to act or avoid to act in permissible rules is allowed. Also, he says any change in conditional rules by setting a condition is against the Sharia law. Some other jurists, like Imam Khomeini, have resorted to the common law in expressing the quality of authority in its discernment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Comparsion of Harmonic Propagation and Whack-a-mole Phenomena Compensation on Radial Distribution Feeder Using Parallel Active Power Filter with Constant and Controlled Gains
H. R. Ezzati A. Yazdian Varjani

In order to damping harmonic propagation effect, the active power filters (APF) are installed on distribution systems. This installation also may cause harmonic oscillation effect named Whack-a-mole. In this paper using simulation results, the two mentioned effects are More

In order to damping harmonic propagation effect, the active power filters (APF) are installed on distribution systems. This installation also may cause harmonic oscillation effect named Whack-a-mole. In this paper using simulation results, the two mentioned effects are decreased efficiently for a ten-bus power radial distribution feeder for any nonlinear load connections (harmonic current or voltage source) by using constant gain Kv=1/Zc The characteristic impedance, Zc, is nondeterministic and variable, so the APF's gain should be controlled actively. In this paper the parallel active filter gain is designed such that by producing proper compensating current, the harmonic distortion on APF bus is controlled and the harmonic propagation and oscillation effects are prevented by keeping the harmonic distortion in an allowable interval. By adjusting APF gain, the effective compensation current will decrease and so the power loss and cost, the benefit of applying adjustable gain APF. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Missile Autopilot Design Using Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling
A. Akbarzadeh Kalat H. R. Momeni

In this paper a controller using fuzzy gain-scheduling for the channels of a tactical missile is designed such that in flight trajectories, performance is achieved. In this design method, the fuzzy gain-scheduling zone centers are determined by a training algorithm acco More

In this paper a controller using fuzzy gain-scheduling for the channels of a tactical missile is designed such that in flight trajectories, performance is achieved. In this design method, the fuzzy gain-scheduling zone centers are determined by a training algorithm according to dynamic pressure, Mach number and coefficients of linear model of system in major operating points. The fuzzy system is learned using combined genetic and linear least squares algorithms. In this manner both global optimum solution and fast convergence are reachable. Moreover the membership functions in fuzzy inference system are chosen with special and suitable properties, which cause simple and effective scheduling process. Performance of this method is shown with case study simulation result. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A New Statistical Approximation Method for SNR at EGC Rake Receiver over Independent Fading Channels
H. Samimi P. Azmi

An approximate analytical method for the evaluation of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the sum of L independent random variables (RVs) is presented. The proposed method is based on the convergent infinite series approach, which makes it possible to describ More

An approximate analytical method for the evaluation of the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the sum of L independent random variables (RVs) is presented. The proposed method is based on the convergent infinite series approach, which makes it possible to describe the CDF in the form of an infinite series. The computation of the coefficients of this series needs complicated integrations over the RV’s probability density function (PDF). In some cases, the required integrations have closed-form in terms of confluent hypergeometric function and in other cases, the required integrations can not be analytically solved and have not a closed-form solution. In this paper, an approximation method for computation of the coefficients of the CDF series is presented that only needs the mean and the variance of the RV, so it has low computational complexity; it eliminates the need for calculation of complex functions and can be used as a unified tool for determining CDF of a sum of statistically independent RVs. To present an application for the developed approximation method, it is used to find the distribution of the sum of generalized Gamma (GG) RVs. The derived approximate expressions are used in the performance analysis of equal-gain combining (EGC) receivers operating over GG fading channels. The accuracy of the developed approximation method is verified by performing comparisons between exact existing results in the literature and computer simulations results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Design and Simulation of a Two Stages OPAMP Using Positive Feedback for Achieving to a High Unity Gain Bandwidth and a High DC Gain
P. Moallem A. Shiri Sichani

The Fabrication of switch capacitor Filters and continuous time CMOS circuits, with a suitable unity gain bandwidth, a high DC gain and a high quality factor are a major challenge in integrated circuits design basically. This article is proposed a novel positive feedbac More

The Fabrication of switch capacitor Filters and continuous time CMOS circuits, with a suitable unity gain bandwidth, a high DC gain and a high quality factor are a major challenge in integrated circuits design basically. This article is proposed a novel positive feedback topology for designing of OPAMP kernel and then a sample of OPAMP based on this method by tuning of the fabrication parameters is designed. The results of simulations which are done in frequency and time domain demonstrate that unity gain bandwidth of the designed OPAMP is greater than 1.4GHz and DC gain is greater than 108dB that in comparison with similar designs based on positive feedback can demonstrate there are plentiful increment in unity gain bandwidth and suitable increment in DC gain. The phase margin of the designed OPAMP is greater than 170 degree. Moreover, investigation of the proposed design outputs in time domain demonstrates the stability of the proposed OPAMP. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Operational Analysis of the Buck Boost DC–DC Converter with High Step-Up Voltage Gain
M. R. Banaei H. A. Faeghi Bonab

In some applications that we need a high voltage gain such as the photovoltaic cell and fuel cell, high step up dc-dc converters must be used, but conventional boost converter cannot provide the high voltage gain. For this reason, in this paper, a single switch transfor More

In some applications that we need a high voltage gain such as the photovoltaic cell and fuel cell, high step up dc-dc converters must be used, but conventional boost converter cannot provide the high voltage gain. For this reason, in this paper, a single switch transformerless high step-up buck boost dc-dc converter with reduced voltage stress on the semiconductors is proposed. The proposed converter has higher voltage gain in step-up mode in comparison with conventional boost and buck-boost converters. Reduced voltage stress on the active switch allows to choose lower voltage rating MOSFETs to reduce both switching and conduction losses. Low voltage stress on the diodes allows the use of Schottky rectifiers for alleviating the reverse-recovery current. The proposed converter can be operated in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) and the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM). In this paper, different operation modes of the proposed converter, calculation of the voltage gain, the currents that flow through the components, efficiency and capacitors voltage ripple are presented. To verify the operation of the proposed converter, simulation results via PSCAD software and experimental results are provided. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - A New Non-Isolated Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter with Wide Voltage Conversion Range
M. Heydari h. khoramikia Seyed Mohammad Dehghan

In this paper, a new wide-input-wide-output non-isolated buck-boost DC-DC converter is presented. The proposed converter has continuous current and is able to buck and boost the input voltage with shorter duty-cycles of the power switch compared to conventional buck-boo More

In this paper, a new wide-input-wide-output non-isolated buck-boost DC-DC converter is presented. The proposed converter has continuous current and is able to buck and boost the input voltage with shorter duty-cycles of the power switch compared to conventional buck-boost converters. A smaller duty cycle for a given voltage gain translates to lower current ripple of the inductors, reduced conduction losses, alleviated voltage stresses of the semiconductor switches and improved overall efficiency. The proposed converter also benefits from a simpler structure and control scheme. In this paper, the steady state operation of the proposed converter is investigated under both continuous conduction mode (CCM). The simulation and experimental results confirm the validity of theoretical analysis as well as the proper performance of the proposed converter. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Non-Isolated DC / DC Converter with High Voltage Gain and Appropriate Efficiency in High Transfer Power with New Soft Switching Structure
Omid sharifiyana majid dehghani Ghazanfar Shahgholian S.M. Mehdi Mirtalaei Masoud Jabbari

One of the main limitations of using renewable energies for electricity generation is the low output voltage of power plants with renewable energies. Therefore, the design of a converter with higher gain voltage and higher efficiency is important in the use of renewable More

One of the main limitations of using renewable energies for electricity generation is the low output voltage of power plants with renewable energies. Therefore, the design of a converter with higher gain voltage and higher efficiency is important in the use of renewable energies. In this paper, a new topology that simultaneously has the structure of a boost converter can minimize switching losses by conventional soft switching methods and is also able to reduce voltage stress on diodes and switches Keep to an acceptable level. A simple boost converter can Increase the output voltage significantly by adding a parallel branch by generating a series resonance and enables zero voltage switching at the same time. Suggested converter without adding active element to converter with simple non-isolated structure at 500 watts and 385 volts it has a voltage gain factor of about 10.8 and efficiency of over 93%. The results show the performance simulation of the proposed converter for different performance modes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Double Recycling Folded Cascode Op-Amp Using Feed-Forward Capacitor Coupling Driving
Mohammad R. Ali Ali Khamesi Naeini

A double recycling Op-Amp based on a simple recycling folded cascode Op-Amp is presented. The proposed Op-Amp has significantly improved performance compared to a recycling folded cascode. In the proposed Op-Amp, those cascode output current sources of recycling folde More

A double recycling Op-Amp based on a simple recycling folded cascode Op-Amp is presented. The proposed Op-Amp has significantly improved performance compared to a recycling folded cascode. In the proposed Op-Amp, those cascode output current sources of recycling folded cascode that still have a constant value have been considered and have taken on a dynamic state through capacitive couplings in the path created between the input and output of the amplifier. DC gain, unity-gain bandwidth, and slew rate have been improved compared to the previous amplifier at the same power consumption. Simulation results using the 0.18μm CMOS technology show a DC gain enhancement of 6dB, 35% improvement in slew rate, and almost a 30% increase the bandwidth compared to the traditional recycling folded cascode Op-Amp. Also, smaller input-referred noise is achieved. Simulated results of proposed circuit show the values of SR, power consumption and DC gain are about 93.5 V/µs, 1.02mW and 68.3 dB respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Psychological consequences of violence against women and girls
Kazem Khorramdel Zahra Zare

Aim: Violence against women and girls has existed in all human societies despite differences between religions and intellectual, cultural, economic and social differences, and is a global, transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon that dates back to human history. Th More

Aim: Violence against women and girls has existed in all human societies despite differences between religions and intellectual, cultural, economic and social differences, and is a global, transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon that dates back to human history. This consequence prevents the full participation of women in society and poses a serious threat to human rights and health. Violence has significant effects on women's physical and mental health. Despite extensive research on the consequences of violence on women's mental health, the rate of violence during quarantine has increased, and this study examines the extent of violence against women and girls and its psychological consequences during quarantine. Research Method: This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The instruments used in this study include the Demographic Questionnaire, the Standard Violence Against Women Questionnaire and the Hopkins Index (HSCL). Finally, the data obtained from the study were analyzed by SPSS 26 software. (P <0.01) Results: Based on Pearson correlation, it was found that there is a positive and significant relationship between all dimensions of mental health and violence, and exposure to various types of violence leads to a decrease in mental health in various dimensions. Conclusion: Violence is a strong predictor of mental health in various dimensions and considering the important role of women in the family and the impact of their health on family and community health, it is necessary to take measures to reduce violence and improve women's mental health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Sociological Explanation of Women's Violence Against Men
Parvaneh Danesh mihamad javad zahedi mazandarani nazanin khosh sima

The general view of family violence is usually referred to violence by men against women or other family members, but reports in this field show that sometimes men are victimized by women's violence. The main objective of this research is the sociological explanation o More

The general view of family violence is usually referred to violence by men against women or other family members, but reports in this field show that sometimes men are victimized by women's violence. The main objective of this research is the sociological explanation of women's violence against men. This research was conducted in a qualitative method and data was analyzed with the method of ground theory. The sample includes married men who have experienced violence in Tehran. The method of selecting the samples was purposeful and the sample volume reached saturation during the research after the 10th interview. The analyzes were done by three types of open coding, central coding and selective coding. The findings of the research include: background conditions affecting women's violence against men, including: 1- cultural issues, 2- social issues, 3- financial issues, 4- occupational and organizational conditions, 5- mental and psychological problems in the family, 6- history of addiction. In the family, 7- Knowledge of life skills; Intervening factors affecting the strategy of women's violence against men include: 1- personality difference, 2- cultural difference, 3- age difference, 4- difference in financial issues, 5- difference in the type of need, 6- marital beliefs, 7- gender beliefs; Causal conditions affecting women's violence against men include: 1- broken relationships, 2- intertwined relationships, 3- inappropriate family experiences, 4- occupational-organizational factors, 5- communication problems at work, 6- social factors, 7- cultural factors; Action and interaction strategies are: 1- Unhealthy communication behaviors 2- Retaliatory interaction pattern 3- Lack of love and intimacy; The consequences are: 1- Psychological injuries 2- The lack of power of the man in the family 3- Separation 4- Risky behaviors 5- Damage to the children 6- Weakening of the family foundation 7- Lack of household financial management; The research results show the existence of violence against men in the family and the consequences of this type of violence weaken the family institution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Adaptive Acoustic Beamforming with Improved Differential Method
Negar Sarshar Mehdi Bekrani

Differential beamformers exhibit effective performance in broadband applications, such as acoustic applications, but they have limited white noise gain. To address this limitation, this paper introduces an adaptive weighting-based algorithm designed to enhance the white More

Differential beamformers exhibit effective performance in broadband applications, such as acoustic applications, but they have limited white noise gain. To address this limitation, this paper introduces an adaptive weighting-based algorithm designed to enhance the white noise gain of the differential beamformer by leveraging the minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamforming technique. For this purpose, differential beamforming is implemented in two stages: in the first stage, the spatial difference of observations is obtained, and in the second stage, the beamformer is optimized. Subsequently, by calculating the coefficients and combining the differential and MVDR beamformers, the proposed adaptive beamformer is derived. In this beamformer, to construct the output signal, the contribution of the differential and MVDR methods is dynamically adjusted using an adaptive combination coefficient, which is a function of frequency, microphone inter-distance, target angle, and the number of microphones. The proposed beamformer, considering four microphones spaced 2 cm apart reveals a remarkable enhancement in white noise gain by 35 dB and SNR gain by 18 dB at a frequency of 1 kHz. Additionally, the proposed adaptive algorithm demonstrates a 3.5 dB improvement in directivity factor over its differential counterpart. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The effects of the emergence of security-oriented criminalization in crimes against security in Iranian criminal law
Hossein Rezaei Todeshki Seyyed Mahmoud Majidi mohammad javad baghi zadeh

Securityism is one of the unjust constructions that is imposed on the body of criminal policy and it means a deviant process in the formation of a response process to the criminal phenomenon. The security orientation of criminal policy can be a criterion to distinguish More

Securityism is one of the unjust constructions that is imposed on the body of criminal policy and it means a deviant process in the formation of a response process to the criminal phenomenon. The security orientation of criminal policy can be a criterion to distinguish an efficient and desirable criminal policy from an ineffective and undesirable criminal policy; As a result, the criminal policy of every society should provide a suitable justification for criminalizing and illegalizing the actions of people that were considered permissible before. This article is written in a descriptive-analytical way. In this article, an attempt has been made to answer this question: What are the most important coordinates of security-oriented criminalization in Iran's criminal law? Give an appropriate answer. It seems that the most important coordinates of security-oriented criminalization in Iran's criminal law include criminalization of criminal thoughts, criminalization of preliminary acts, legislative obfuscation and new criminalizations. The purpose of this article is to explain the manifestations of the tendency to aggressive criminalization in Iranian criminal law. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Application of Evidences on Liability against Deception in Supporting Consumers
Rohullah Zarchipour

After developments in urban life and industrialization of manufacturing sector that came to the disadvantage of consumers, supporting consumer rights has always been a concern of lawmakers. The obscurity of jurisprudential fundamentals attesting to support of consumer r More

After developments in urban life and industrialization of manufacturing sector that came to the disadvantage of consumers, supporting consumer rights has always been a concern of lawmakers. The obscurity of jurisprudential fundamentals attesting to support of consumer rights, uncertainty over lack of establishing justice between the producer and consumer, and fears over disappointment of producers stand as major obstacles to support this group. This paper is devoted to application of evidences on liability against deception in line with supporting the consumers. These evidences help the person sustaining loss or damage in consequence of deceit to resort to liability against deception. As a result, a consumer with no knowledge of product specifications and deprived of required information on product use due to complexity of the manufacturing process, who has sustained loss or damage, shall receive due support. There are three advantages to consumer’s resorting to evidences on liability against deception: a) In addition to contractual relationships, these evidences are applicable to non-contractual relationships as well; b) They are invokable to losses such as destruction of property and infringement of rights; c) According to the evidences, deceit, knowingly or unknowingly, is a liability to consumers. Resorting to evidences on liability against deception paves the path for joint liability between producers and the chain of vendors which turns to be in favor of the consumer. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Domestic Violence Against Men )Case Study: The Flakei Marginal Region of Khorram Abad City)
vali bahrami Sara salimi fatemeh vandabrahim

Domestic violence against men has many dysfunctional consequences that affect not only the individual and the family, but also the middle and macro levels of society. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the components of women's violence against men in the mar More

Domestic violence against men has many dysfunctional consequences that affect not only the individual and the family, but also the middle and macro levels of society. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the components of women's violence against men in the marginal region of Falkei, Khorram Abad city. The studied sample is all married men in the marginal region of Falkei, Khorram Abad city. Targeted sampling has been done. Ten men with experience of violence were interviewed. The type of interviews was semi-structured. Data analysis was done using thematic analysis and after coding the data, 241 open codes, 20 sub-categories and 6 main categories were extracted. To validate the data, variety of techniques were applied such as re-examining the participants, re-examining by experts, using external referees and clarifying citation and transferability. Findings shows that violence against men arises from "double work, the label of irresponsibility, rolelessness in the decision-making process, threats of suicide and divorce, comparison, humiliation and blame, and sexual deprivation". The results of this research show that women have created the necessary grounds for violence against men by economic bottlenecks, comparisons, verbal violence and as a result increasing tension. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Identifying the Influential Factors on Innovation Culture, Organizational Ambidexterity and Competitive Advantage
nahid saravi-moghadam Alireza Aliahmadi

: Organizations are always seeking competitive advantage in order to compete and to continue to grow. The innovation and diffusion of innovation culture is one of the most important ways to achieve it. In present research, we have attempted to model and explain the dire More

: Organizations are always seeking competitive advantage in order to compete and to continue to grow. The innovation and diffusion of innovation culture is one of the most important ways to achieve it. In present research, we have attempted to model and explain the direct effect and indirect effects of factors influencing innovation culture, organizational ambidexterity and gaining competitive advantage. Methodology: The present study is a developmental and, in terms of approach, a mixture of both qualitative and quantitative. The data gathering tool was interviewed by experts and a questionnaire. Data analysis is a structural equation modeling technique using Spss and Smartpls software. The number of collected questionnaires was 140, which was collected from the managers of the dairy industry of Mazandaran province by stratified random sampling. Conclusion: The results show that there is a positive and significant effect between the variables of supportive mechanism, leadership, technology, potential absorption capacity, organizational ambidexterity and strategy, on innovation culture. The results also show the positive and significant impact of innovation culture on organizational Ambidexterity, gaining sustainable competitive advantage and implementing innovation. The potential absorption potential has a positive and significant effect on organizational ambidexterity, and also potential absorption capacity through technology and organizational change has a positive and significant effect on organizational Ambidexterity. The organizational change has a positive and significant effect on organizational ambidexterity both directly and through technology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Psychological Consequences of Violence Against Women and Girls
Zahra Zare Kazem Khorramdel

<p>Violence against women and girls persists across all human societies despite differences in religions and other intellectual, cultural, economic, and social factors. It is a global, transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon with roots in the history of humanity. T More

<p>Violence against women and girls persists across all human societies despite differences in religions and other intellectual, cultural, economic, and social factors. It is a global, transhistorical and transcultural phenomenon with roots in the history of humanity. This consequence prevents the full participation of women in society and poses a serious threat to human rights and health. Violence has significant effects on women's physical and mental health. Despite extensive research on the consequences of violence on women's mental health, the prevalence of violence has increased during the COVID-19 quarantine period. This study examines the extent of violence against women and girls and its psychological consequences during quarantine. This is a descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The instruments used in this study include a Demographic Questionnaire, Standard Violence Against Women Questionnaire and the Hopkins Index (HSCL). Data analysis was conducted by SPSS 26 software. (P <0.01). Pearson correlation analysis revealed a positive and significant relationship between all dimensions of mental health and violence. Exposure to various types of violence leads to a decline in mental health across different dimensions. Violence emerges as a robust predictor of mental health in various dimensions. Considering the important role of women in the family and the impact of their health on family and community well-being, it is imperative to take measures to reduce violence and enhance women's mental health.</p> Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - An Examination Of The Condition Of Suspended Contracts From The Perspective Of Sheikh Ansari And Sahib Jawahir Al-Kalam
Morteza Mohammad zade

10.61186/ahrar.45875.4.7.1

A group of jurists have considered one of the conditions of the composite contract as the condition of "tanjees" (suspension). In fact, the meaning of "tanjees" is whether the contract has been concluded or suspended. A suspended contract is one in which the parties hav More

A group of jurists have considered one of the conditions of the composite contract as the condition of "tanjees" (suspension). In fact, the meaning of "tanjees" is whether the contract has been concluded or suspended. A suspended contract is one in which the parties have intended to conclude the transaction with a suspended condition against it, and without a suspended condition, they have intended that the contract will not be concluded. From another perspective, a concluded transaction is a transaction in which the intention of the parties has not been bound by a condition or attribute. In this article, we examine the views of two renowned jurists, the late Sheikh Ansari and Sahib Jawahir al-Kalam, regarding the condition of "tanjees" in contracts. We also explore whether their views are the same or different, and if different, what differences exist between their opinions. Ultimately, we analyze the opinions of these great scholars based on our knowledge and expertise. Manuscript profile

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