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Open Access Article
1 - Localization of Blockchain and E-Currency Model for E-Government Services
Maryam Niknezhad Sajjad Shokouhyar Mehrzad MinoueiBlockchain can reduce bureaucracy and increase the efficiency and performance of administrative processes through a platform possessing features and attributes such as storing and exchanging electronic messages in a decentralized environment and executing high level of MoreBlockchain can reduce bureaucracy and increase the efficiency and performance of administrative processes through a platform possessing features and attributes such as storing and exchanging electronic messages in a decentralized environment and executing high level of security transactions and transparency, if used in government public service delivery. Many scholars believe that this distributed technology can bring new utilizations to a variety of industries and fields, including finance and banking, economics, supply chain, and authentication and increase economic productivity and efficiency dramatically by transforming many industries in the context of today's economy. The present study, presents the characteristics of the localized blockchain and e-currency conceptual model for the evolution of e-government services. It also examines the impact of the blockchain and e-currency model on the economy and electronic financial transactions as a viable, practical and constructive solution (rather than blocking and filtering of e-currency and blockchain). Ultimately designing a localized block chain and e-currency model, has played an effective role in exploit its high potential to speed up the administrative processes and reduce costs related to electronic transactions and payments in e-government and increase e-government revenues and ultimately it can speed up the customer service delivery and increase their satisfaction with the government. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Smart Contract Technology, Evolution in the Development of E-Commerce: Requirements and Policies
Mohsen Sadeghi Mahdi NaserModern trading tools play an undeniable role in the development of e-commerce. One of these tools are smart contracts, which have features such as speed and high security compared to other types of electronic contracts. This paper attempts to answer the question of what MoreModern trading tools play an undeniable role in the development of e-commerce. One of these tools are smart contracts, which have features such as speed and high security compared to other types of electronic contracts. This paper attempts to answer the question of what are the challenges of policymaking the general rules of contract formation at the stage of smart contract conclusion? In general, the most important challenges are to comply with the rules governing these contracts with existing norms in society, the conflicting domestic laws and international regulations, the validation of these contracts, and the means of concluding them including virtual currencies, the mechanism of artificial intelligence performance and the centralized nature of artificial intelligence. Addressing these challenges requires some legislative and executive policymaking, including the adoption of efficient laws for the validation of smart contracts and virtual currencies, the revision of existing laws, predicting thef of virtual currency licensing and the use of digital signatures, informing people and designating regulatory bodies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Role of BlockChain Technology in Addressing Supply Chain Challenges: Requirements and Policies
Aliakbar Farahzadi Mahdi NaserSupply chain refers to the process of production, assembly, transit and receipt of goods by the consumer, which plays a vital role in the development of the economy. This area faces challenges in the development path, such as lack of transparency in identifying the sour MoreSupply chain refers to the process of production, assembly, transit and receipt of goods by the consumer, which plays a vital role in the development of the economy. This area faces challenges in the development path, such as lack of transparency in identifying the source of supply or distribution of commercial goods, lack of exchange security or creating tension in the contracts of traders and consumers. Implementation of blockchain technology can be a suitable solution to solve these challenges. This platform with the feature of transparency, the existence of mechanisms to prevent the occurrence or online resolution of disputes and the elimination of financial intermediaries in electronic transactions makes it possible to achieve the set goals. But its implementation in any system faces challenges such as scalability, connectivity, standardization, and some legal challenges, the solution of which requires legislative and executive policy, including the use of efficient digital tools, their validation, and the establishment of formalities. Decentralized platforms and competent institutions to monitor the proper course of affairs. After explaining the introduction and concept of blockchain (first and second speeches), the present article details the supply chain challenges in the field of trade and expresses the practical features of blockchain in solving these challenges. After that, this study has tried to improve the process of exploiting this technology in the field of supply chain by examining the challenges facing this platform in its application in the supply chain and providing policy recommendations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - A study of the nature of private data in the performance mechanism of IoT technology tools
hosein sadeghi Mahdi NaserThe invention of Internet of Things technology and its application has led to the development of industry and trade in countries. Tools that include Internet of Things technology are tools that enable simulation of human performance by tools by embedding multiple stimul MoreThe invention of Internet of Things technology and its application has led to the development of industry and trade in countries. Tools that include Internet of Things technology are tools that enable simulation of human performance by tools by embedding multiple stimuli and sensors. But the mechanism of action of these tools has challenges in maintaining the security of private information. The first issue in this regard is the necessity of nature and separation of private data of the non-private type. In the Iranian legal system, the only legal document in this field is Article 58 of Electronic Commerce Law, and the ambiguous text of this article has challenged the identification of this type of data. In this article, for an unknown reason, by separating the types of private data, not only has nature of this data been disrupted, but only a specific category of this data has been subject to the terms of the article for processing and no other provisions have been established. Is. However, in European Union, there are relatively comprehensive regulations in field of identifying the nature of private data, four criteria of identification based on the nature of the data processed, the purposes of using the processed data, concept of nicknamed data and Encrypted data exchanged in decentralized platforms (including China blockchain technology) has been identified as the criterion for identifying this type of data. Application of these criteria by policymakers in Iran could be the solution to many of the challenges ahead.. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - South Korea as a suitable model for national planning in the development of blockchain technology ecosystem
Mohammad Kazem Sayadi Atefe FarazmandBlockchain is a distributed and intact database technology that can be used to store any data, including financial transactions, and has the ability to build trust in an unreliable environment. In the blockchain, trust is transferred from centralized intermediaries to t MoreBlockchain is a distributed and intact database technology that can be used to store any data, including financial transactions, and has the ability to build trust in an unreliable environment. In the blockchain, trust is transferred from centralized intermediaries to technical infrastructure developers, leading to reliable transactions between nodes that are not necessarily trustworthy. Blockchain as a disruptive technology will affect the economy and governance in societies. Different blockchains run different governance mechanisms. All blockchains fall into a range that ranges from completely public and unlicensed blockchains such as Bitcoin to completely private and licensed blockchains. Blockchain, which is the basic technology of cryptocurrencies, will establish a new economic system by making deep changes in our communication methods over the Internet. This technology will change information security, transparency and governance. Due to the emphasis of this technology on security, trust and transparency, different sectors and different vertical businesses tend to use this technology. With the expansion of the use of this technology in different companies and countries, it is necessary to determine the country's plan to manage this technology. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the requirements for the development of the blockchain ecosystem in the country. In this article, we review the plan and strategy of South Korea as a model for the development of this technology in our country. Then, using the program of this country, we will present the requirements for developing the blockchain ecosystem in our country. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Legal frameworks for mass financing of start-ups and providing a technological model to address its challenges: requirements and policies
Mahdi Naser hamide zareeCollectively financing start-ups and startups is one way to develop a country's economic system. This mechanism takes place in four forms based on donation, reward, loan and stock, the most common of which is stock-based financing. The main question of the present stud MoreCollectively financing start-ups and startups is one way to develop a country's economic system. This mechanism takes place in four forms based on donation, reward, loan and stock, the most common of which is stock-based financing. The main question of the present study is what are the challenges of implementing the collective financing process in a financial system and what can be the role of technology in providing useful solutions to solve these challenges? The present study describes the qualitative research method and the method of collecting documentary information. This mechanism faces three main challenges of transparency, maintaining the security of information exchange and storage, and protecting the privacy of individuals. The solution is to implement decentralized platforms in one country. However, this process requires some legislative and executive policies, including the granting of digital signatures, the validation of virtual currencies and the mechanism for extracting and exchanging these currencies, the adoption of comprehensive laws on the provision of general legal dimensions related to collecting, processing and storing private information and awareness. It's part of the people. In order to explain the mentioned topics, the present study in three speeches first explains the nature of the types of collective financing and its implementation mechanism and then expresses monitoring and support measures, challenges and technological solutions to solve the challenges of implementing this mechanism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Employing a meta-synthesis to present a framework for commercial banks’ preparedness indicators in use of blockchain technology
Zahra Khalili Masoud Keimasi Javad Abbasi Mohammadali ShahhosseiniPresent study aimed at presenting a framework for commercial banks’ preparedness indicators in use of blockchain technology. To this end, the meta-synthesis research method was employed. Among from 306 resources found over meta-synthesis steps, a number of 38 papers inc MorePresent study aimed at presenting a framework for commercial banks’ preparedness indicators in use of blockchain technology. To this end, the meta-synthesis research method was employed. Among from 306 resources found over meta-synthesis steps, a number of 38 papers included our acceptance criteria. The four organizational, technical, individual and environmental factors were identified as indicators of commercial banks’ preparedness to use Blockchain technology. Organizational indicators included infrastructures development, managerial skills, human resources development, company or organization size, financial resources, receptive organizational culture, organizational policies, and senior management support. The technical indicators included complexity, technological security, access to technology, use of technology and specialized manpower. In addition, individual indicators included attitudes toward use, ease of use, perceived usefulness, and understanding of Blockchain technology. Finally, environmental indicators included rules and regulations, technology maturity, information exchange, compatibility, market dynamics, and governmental supports. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A Supervision System on Organic Products Supply Chain Based on Blockchain Technology
FERESHTEHAZADI PARAND َAli TAVAKOLIGOLPAYGANI Negin GhaderiNowadays, based on the spreading of information technology, food consumers especially organic food increasingly want to be informed about the history of food products that they are buying. They want to know about the origin of food, the condition of storage, transportin MoreNowadays, based on the spreading of information technology, food consumers especially organic food increasingly want to be informed about the history of food products that they are buying. They want to know about the origin of food, the condition of storage, transporting, etc. besides the information are printed on the packages. In this paper, we are proposing a back and forth supervision system on organic products supply chain based on blockchain technology to ensure data integrity and allow data tracing. The proposed system as a decentralized and secure infrastructure database improves food security and safety, and reduces fraud by verifying the quality and the origin of the products throughout the entire their agricultural supply chain. A unique Quick Response code was used to identify each product within the supply chain. Automated protocols on validation each transaction and events related to a product by peers of the Blockchain system enable data transmitted on the network to be verified and stored immutably and minimizing the risk of data corruption. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Designing a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry
hossein amoozadkhalili neda haghi Reza Tavakkoli-MoghaddamDesigning a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry is one of the new methods studied in the banking industry to strengthen cyber security. Accordingly, this study seeks to achieve the goal of evaluating a model based on MoreDesigning a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry is one of the new methods studied in the banking industry to strengthen cyber security. Accordingly, this study seeks to achieve the goal of evaluating a model based on blockchain technology to strengthen cyber security in the banking industry based on artificial neural networks. This model is based on a conceptual model used in an MLP neural network simulation that simulates a blockchain-like process. Also, the neural networks created in the block chain have a strong connection and the possibility of breaking them is low. The data became closer to normal distribution after learning, indicating that blockchain technology will be able to provide cyber security. The level of correlation and efficiency presented was also reported and the findings of the study showed that the efficiency related to blockchain technologies after learning reached the level of 770.57 units, which shows that using the MLP method to learn the process of blockchain technology can be Lead to greater efficiency for cyber security. Also, the value of variance is equal to 27.77 and the mean value of computational values is equal to 0.35 and the value of correlation is equal to 0.99. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effects of Blockchain Technology on the Accounting and Auditing profession
Payam Noori Doabi ghodratollah taleb niaAfter the Internet, blockchain technology has become a key factor in creative and innovative ideas and solutions in the financial sector due to its wide application potential and its numerous implementations. The advent of blockchain creates new opportunities and challe MoreAfter the Internet, blockchain technology has become a key factor in creative and innovative ideas and solutions in the financial sector due to its wide application potential and its numerous implementations. The advent of blockchain creates new opportunities and challenges for ongoing auditing and real-time accounting. Blockchain, as a digital ledger in accounting and a large database for recording and processing decentralized distributed Internet-based data and peer-to-peer interactive networks, is based on consensus; which is accompanied by an innovative approach to business models, intermediaries, and stakeholders; but in many centers it is still shrouded in mystery. Therefore, considering the impact of the environment on accounting and auditing as well as the increasing development of technology, this research with a library method and with practical purposes to identify, promote and use blockchain technology, to describe and examine the features, benefits, applications, and limitations Blockchain technology and its effects on the accounting and auditing profession. The results of this study highlight the necessity, importance, impact and position of blockchain technology in the accounting and auditing profession due to the characteristics of this technology such as greater information transparency, disclosure, timeliness, reliability, cost-effectiveness, flexibility, risk reduction, elimination of intermediaries, Demonstrates easy and fast access, and immutability of information. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Designing a Secure Consensus Algorithm for Use in Blockchain
Hosein Badri Masumeh SafkhaniBlockchain technology eliminates the need for a central authority. This system consists of a distributed ledger with a chain of blocks that records every network transaction. This ledger is replicated by every node in the network. We require a mechanism that provides co MoreBlockchain technology eliminates the need for a central authority. This system consists of a distributed ledger with a chain of blocks that records every network transaction. This ledger is replicated by every node in the network. We require a mechanism that provides consensus for the entire network, known as "consensus algorithm," in order for the state of this ledger to be the same for all nodes of the network at any given time. In this work, we will suggest a novel consensus algorithm that protects the blockchain platform from four common attacks. These attacks include the Sybil, Denial of Service, 51%, and Eclipse attacks. Due to its multiple control parameters, generic and all-purpose character, immunity to different attacks, and acceptable execution speed, our suggested algorithm can be used to build secure blockchain-based systems in a variety of applications. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Intrusion Detection Based on Cooperation on the Permissioned Blockchain Platform in the Internet of Things Using Machine Learning
Mohammad Mahdi Abdian majid ghayori Seyed Ahmad EftekhariIntrusion detection systems seek to realize several objectives, such as increasing the true detection rate, reducing the detection time, reducing the computational load, and preserving the resulting logs in such a way that they cannot be manipulated or deleted by unauth MoreIntrusion detection systems seek to realize several objectives, such as increasing the true detection rate, reducing the detection time, reducing the computational load, and preserving the resulting logs in such a way that they cannot be manipulated or deleted by unauthorized people. Therefore, this study seeks to solve the challenges by benefiting from the advantages of blockchain technology, its durability, and relying on IDS architecture based on multi-node cooperation. The proposed model is an intrusion detection engine based on the decision tree algorithm implemented in the nodes of the architecture. The architecture consists of several connected nodes on the blockchain platform. The resulting model and logs are stored on the blockchain platform and cannot be manipulated. In addition to the benefits of using blockchain, reduced occupied memory, the speed, and time of transactions are also improved by blockchain. In this research, several evaluation models have been designed for single-node and multi-node architectures on the blockchain platform. Finally, proof of architecture, possible threats to architecture, and defensive ways are explained. The most important advantages of the proposed scheme are the elimination of the single point of failure, maintaining trust between nodes, and ensuring the integrity of the model, and discovered logs. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Effect of Transparency, Actors' Trust and Social Influence in the Adoption of Blockchain Technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution (A Case Study of European Tourists)
Yazdan Shirmohammadi Nikooee Alireza sinaei sinaeiThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Facilitating Conditions, Transparency, Stakeholder Trust, Social Influence and Performance Expectancy on the Adoption of Blockchain Technology through the Intention to use Technology in the Tourism Industry; Case st MoreThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Facilitating Conditions, Transparency, Stakeholder Trust, Social Influence and Performance Expectancy on the Adoption of Blockchain Technology through the Intention to use Technology in the Tourism Industry; Case study: Travel Services Offices in Tehran which based on the practical purpose, based on The data collection time is survey. Its validity and reliability were confirmed. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha test for the whole questionnaire at 0.76. The statistical population of this study includes managers and staff of travel service offices in Tehran and the sample size is 384 people and the sampling method is available. The data analysis method to evaluate the hypotheses is a simple, multiple and mediated regression model. According to the findings, Behavioral Intention, Performance Expectancy, Social Impact (Social Influence), Facilitating Conditions on Behavioral Expectations for Blockchain Adoption had a positive and significant effect, but Trust among Supply chain Stakeholders did not have a positive and significant effect on Behavioral Intention to use Blockchain. The findings of this research indicate that the activity of Iran's tourism industry, using blockchain as a communication platform to pay for services, has a positive and effective effect on foreign tourists. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the effect of perceived value on resistance to the adoption of blockchain technology in the tourism industry
yazdan shirmohamadi Mohadese kokabi Seyyed Mohammad Hadi Qazi TabatabaeiThis study aims to provide a conceptual model to understand the factors affecting the resistance to the adoption of blockchain technology in the tourism industry by combining and developing previous models. This research used survey method using questionnaire tool to co MoreThis study aims to provide a conceptual model to understand the factors affecting the resistance to the adoption of blockchain technology in the tourism industry by combining and developing previous models. This research used survey method using questionnaire tool to collect information and also used structural equation modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach for statistical analysis. The findings of this research first develop the theoretical and theoretical relationship between concepts such as perceived value and resistance and secondly examine and study this relationship in the context in which managers and activists of the tourism sector operate. In the first stage, the conceptual model of this research is based on the model presented by Walsh et al [1]. The discussion about the research findings shows that the benefits of substitution in the minds of managers and activists of the tourism sector are much stronger than the costs of substitution of blockchain technology. Also, the simplicity of the infrastructure is one of the key factors that has a high impact on understanding the benefits of replacement as well as the perceived value. Examining the role of perceived functional advantage and perceived image in the formation of alternative benefits is one of the innovations of this research in the research related to the application of blockchain technology in the tourism sector. So it can be concluded that in order to reduce resistance to blockchain technology, managers should emphasize more on the advantages of this technology. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - An online scoring system using distributed ledger technology based on smart contracts
سیده الهام موسوی خوThe online rating system on most websites provides users with a rating for products and services. The lack of trust in the correctness and non-manipulation of data has caused users' satisfaction to not be provided as it should be. Considering that the existing online sc MoreThe online rating system on most websites provides users with a rating for products and services. The lack of trust in the correctness and non-manipulation of data has caused users' satisfaction to not be provided as it should be. Considering that the existing online scoring system deals with a central server, all score data is stored in a central server; Therefore, all score data can be deleted, changed and manipulated by the system administrator to change the score results in favor of the service or product provider. In this research, the online scoring system using distributed ledger technologies has been introduced as a proposed system to solve all the weaknesses in the current systems. Distributed ledger technologies are a type of technology that works in a decentralized manner and there is no focus from any entity on this technology. There are different types of distributed ledger technologies. Among distributed ledger technologies, block chain technology is chosen for the proposed scoring system due to its smart contract support. In the proposed online scoring system, the performance criteria of a node are unknown and therefore cannot be used directly to optimize the segmentation results. To solve the performance problem caused by the difference of nodes in the blockchain without knowing the different characteristics of the nodes, we propose a new segmentation method called NoRS. This proposed method consists of four phases: NoRS schematic, scoring mechanism, segmentation strategy, transaction confirmation, creation and release of new block. Therefore, by reviewing the transaction process reports, we evaluate the nodes and assign them to different committees based on the score corresponding to each node; With this process, the ratio of different nodes within the committee is balanced to improve the blockchain transaction efficiency. The advantages of the proposed scoring system compared to the existing systems are that the proposed system works in a decentralized manner and the information cannot be manipulated. Also, the privacy of the scorers is preserved and the transparency of the data is guaranteed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Examining the Development Barriers of Blockchain Technology for Sustainable Supply Chain Management in Iran
Mohammad Hosein Asgharpour Sareshkeh Mehrzad Jamshidi Guilani S. Sina Masoumi"The potential of blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management is widely recognized, but its implementation faces various barriers. This study aims to examine the development barriers of blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management in I More"The potential of blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management is widely recognized, but its implementation faces various barriers. This study aims to examine the development barriers of blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management in Iran and provide comprehensive strategies to overcome them. This study helps to understand the barriers to the development of blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management in Iran and provides practical recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. Initially, by reviewing previous studies, 27 important barriers were identified and classified into six categories, and their importance was calculated using the basic criteria method and expert survey. Then, by conducting interviews with experts in this field, seven comprehensive strategies were proposed to overcome the acceptance barriers. The Kocukusu method was used to prioritize these strategies. The decision matrix was presented to gather information from experts, and after collecting the questionnaires, using the Kocukusu relationships, the strategies were prioritized. The strategies of "providing an implementation roadmap for blockchain" and "strategic policy of using blockchain at the national level" were ranked first and second in priority, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of strategic planning and policymaking to support the adoption of blockchain technology and promote sustainable supply chain management practices." Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Analyzing the Development Barriers of Blockchain Technology for Sustainable Supply Chain Management in Iran
Mohammad Hosein Asgharpour Sareshkeh Mehrzad Jamshidi Guilani S. Sina MasoumiMohammad Hosein Asgharpour Sareshkeh Mehrzad Jamshidi Guilani S. Sina Masoumi * Abstract The potential of blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management is widely acknowledged, yet its implementation encounters several obstacles. This study se MoreMohammad Hosein Asgharpour Sareshkeh Mehrzad Jamshidi Guilani S. Sina Masoumi * Abstract The potential of blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management is widely acknowledged, yet its implementation encounters several obstacles. This study seeks to analyze the developmental barriers of blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management in Iran and offer comprehensive strategies to address them. This study contributes to comprehending the barriers to blockchain technology development for sustainable supply chain management in Iran and provides practical recommendations for policymakers and stakeholders. To achieve this, a review of prior studies was conducted to identify 27 significant barriers, which were then categorized into six areas, with their importance calculated using the Base Criteria Method and expert surveys. Subsequently, through interviews with experts in this field, seven comprehensive strategies were proposed to address the acceptance barriers. The COCOSO method was used to prioritize these strategies. A decision matrix was created to gather input from experts, and after collecting questionnaires, the strategies were ranked using COCOSO formulas. The strategies of “Providing an Implementation Roadmap for Blockchain” and “National-Level Strategic Policy for Blockchain Adoption” were ranked as the first and second priorities, respectively. These findings underscore the significance of strategic planning and policy-making in facilitating the adoption of blockchain technology and advancing sustainable supply chain management practices. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Intrusion Detection Based on Cooperation on the Permissioned Blockchain Platform in the Internet of Things Using Machine Learning
Mohammad Mahdi Abdian majid ghayori Seyed Ahmad EftekhariIntrusion detection systems seek to realize several objectives, such as increasing the true detection rate, reducing the detection time, reducing the computational load, and preserving the resulting logs in such a way that they cannot be manipulated or deleted by unauth MoreIntrusion detection systems seek to realize several objectives, such as increasing the true detection rate, reducing the detection time, reducing the computational load, and preserving the resulting logs in such a way that they cannot be manipulated or deleted by unauthorized people. Therefore, this study seeks to solve the challenges by benefiting from the advantages of blockchain technology, its durability, and relying on IDS architecture based on multi-node cooperation. The proposed model is an intrusion detection engine based on the decision tree algorithm implemented in the nodes of the architecture. The architecture consists of several connected nodes on the blockchain platform. The resulting model and logs are stored on the blockchain platform and cannot be manipulated. In addition to the benefits of using blockchain, reduced occupied memory, the speed, and time of transactions are also improved by blockchain. In this research, several evaluation models have been designed for single-node and multi-node architectures on the blockchain platform. Finally, proof of architecture, possible threats to architecture, and defensive ways are explained. The most important advantages of the proposed scheme are the elimination of the single point of failure, maintaining trust between nodes, and ensuring the integrity of the model, and discovered logs. Manuscript profile
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