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Open Access Article
1 - Investigating the Impact of Tourism in the Economic and Social Development of Rural Areas (Case Study: Villages in Talesh Township)
samira asgharyAbstract: Since the 1950s, attention has been paid to rural tourism, and the 1960s marked its economic aspect with respect to local communities and since the 1990s, new horizons have been created in the development of tourism and have been used as a tool for MoreAbstract: Since the 1950s, attention has been paid to rural tourism, and the 1960s marked its economic aspect with respect to local communities and since the 1990s, new horizons have been created in the development of tourism and have been used as a tool for the development of rural communities. So, today the most important tool for sustainable rural development is the use of tourism capacities, especially natural and cultural. Tourism development in villages, increase of job opportunities, creation of additional income and decentralization in rural areas leads to a lot of environmental and cultural benefits. The purpose of this study was to investigate the economic and social impacts of tourism development in the cities of Talesh province. In this research, villages of over 200 households and sample villages of the province have been surveyed. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research data were obtained through library and information documents through a questionnaire and statistical documentation and field surveys. Due to the lack of reliable statistics about the number of tourists entering the area, 383 questionnaires were used using The Cochran formula was obtained during the springtime and spring seasonal periods.. The result of the research shows that in the above-mentioned sections, there is a meaningful relationship between the arrival of tourists and the creation of employment and income of rural communities. Due to the existence of unique natural attractions such as Gisum beaches, Alalan Khalifabad, taki tazeh abad,ghorough, Hawigh , Chubar and the beautiful road of Asalem to Khalkhal, , talesh to Marian, Lisar to Sutaban, and talesh to Sharsul, Investment and the creation of tourism infrastructure will have a major impact on the region's further development and sustainable employment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Role of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in the Development of Economic Activities in Malaysia
Saeed KiyanPour Roya TolaeiIn The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteris MoreIn The world's most developed countries, policies to support small and medium enterprises in order to increase growth, income generating employment and reducing poverty in the forefront of economic or social - are governments’ important priorities. Essential characteristics of small and medium enterprises, including flexibility in face with market changes, rapid attainment of the activities, initiatives and high motivation of staffs and limited initial capital requirements, have caused growth, innovation and economic dynamism in transition economies of the firms. This study aimed to identify small and medium sized manufacturing firms with rapid growth, and determine their contribution to the Malaysian economy. Malaysia's Vision 2020 has planned development policies through enterprise and small business enhancement. These companies play a significant role in the economic breakthrough of Malaysia. These companies have allocated 93.8% of the operating companies in the industrial sector, 27.3% of total manufacturing production, 25.8% of value-added in production, 27.6% of the fixed assets and 38.9% of the employees of the country. Evidences suggest that these companies have major contribution in national economic development in Malaysia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Looking at Science and Technology through the lens of Human development: Relationship between innovation and inequality
Parisa Riyahi Mohammad Amin Ghanee RadPolicy decisions are shaped by policy makers’ conceptualization of development. Development is a value based and normative concept, and accordingly, there are various approaches to it. Science is the key to the creation of wealth in a "national economic development appr MorePolicy decisions are shaped by policy makers’ conceptualization of development. Development is a value based and normative concept, and accordingly, there are various approaches to it. Science is the key to the creation of wealth in a "national economic development approach". Therefore, policy makers invest on human and social capital as valuable assets. Firms are important because they could cause growth and wealth. According to the literature in this field, there is a positive correlation between innovation and inequality. It means that inequality will increase by increasing innovation. But the wealth derived from innovation can later be used to reduce that inequality. In contrast, the concern for "human development approach" is improving human quality of life, and speaks about Pro-poor, Para-poor, and Per-poor innovations. Some economists argue about development as freedom and improvement of people capabilities. The concern for "capability approach" is improving human opportunities, eliminating inequalities, and achieving justice. Freedom and capability are prerequisites for people creativity. Because of the paradoxes in different development approaches mentioned above, in this article the relationship between innovation and inequality is examined and a negative correlation is found. Less social and human capabilities has resulted in less innovation and more inequalities in various dimensions. Therefore, a greater emphasis on enhancing human capabilities is recommended in policy making efforts. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Consequences of Globalization of Research and Development on the Economic Development of Countries
Laleh HaghighatResearch and development have come to a global shape with developing information technology and communicating networks. Also advancing the science and especially engineering is going to be practical that leads cooperation among industries, researchers, and organizations MoreResearch and development have come to a global shape with developing information technology and communicating networks. Also advancing the science and especially engineering is going to be practical that leads cooperation among industries, researchers, and organizations. Since accessing to the new technology and economics development in developing countries leads to large investments and development in the area of research, so these countries must try to obtain major technologies using foreign investments and then try to develop them using their own innovation. Therefore, globalization of research and development by ultra-national organization and decentralization of research and development units will result in the economic development. It seems that globalization can be a solution to the most of the economic problems. Nowadays, global economy is organized based on the information process management and networks, so that a new version of international economy in different theories can be imagined. Economy is a scientific network organized by information control paradigm and assessed by different variables. This method provides effective management mechanisms for the formation of a new version of different economies. In this way, the economic processes will be modified and a new version of economic relations would emerge. Meanwhile using information technology will lead to business development, facilitating economic relationships and providing the possibility of different activities for the organization. There is also a meaningful a correlation between the highly developed countries and the countries with large investments in research and development. So the importance of developing research and development is highlighted for the developing countries. This article will discuss the consequences of globalization of research and development on the economic development of countries, as well as the obstacles and opportunities resulted from that; like better production, job opportunities and higher income in developing countries. It also reviews the important factors which can lead to the development of economic network. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Move Towards a Knowledge-based Economy by Examining the Interconnectedness of Input and Output Dimension in Global Indicators of Innovation
reza salami hossien mirzaee atiyeh safardoustIn the current decade, knowledge based economy is a popular term in the scientific circles of the country. This word has attracted the attention of many scholars and experts. The global index of knowledge based economy has four foundations, and innovation is one of thes MoreIn the current decade, knowledge based economy is a popular term in the scientific circles of the country. This word has attracted the attention of many scholars and experts. The global index of knowledge based economy has four foundations, and innovation is one of these bases. In the area of innovation, Iran has less privilege than the global average. In order to promote the level of innovation and, consequently, the level of knowledge-based economy, using the global statistics in the field of knowledge based economy and innovation, in this paper first of all, we recognize the important input factors influencing the innovation and then we compare the status of these inputs with the global average. After identifying the weaknesses in the inputs, the status of these measures is reviewed in the Sixth Development Plan document. According to the findings, it was found that in the sixth program of development, only gross domestic product (GDP) per unit of energy consumption was pointed out, and no direct reference was made to other measures. Comparison of measures with the global average showed that in order to improve the output of innovation, the country needs to improve the level of research and development, knowledge workers, ICT and the political environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Economic Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Activities: Literature Review
Amineh Zivari Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh Reza MazhariIn the existing literature on entrepreneurship, there are various approaches to determining the factors affecting entrepreneurial activities, which can be explained in various disciplines of science. As an interdisciplinary study, entrepreneurship consists of aspects of MoreIn the existing literature on entrepreneurship, there are various approaches to determining the factors affecting entrepreneurial activities, which can be explained in various disciplines of science. As an interdisciplinary study, entrepreneurship consists of aspects of economic, historical, psychological, political, social and cultural studies. All of these studies focus on entrepreneurship from different points of views. Since, entrepreneurship is recognized as an appropriate tool for stimulating economic growth, increasing innovation and productivity and reduction of poverty, identification of determinants of entrepreneurial activity allows to design appropriate policies for increasing productivity and economic growth in a single economy. Due to the wide range of effective factors on entrepreneurial activities among countries, several studies have examined various effective factors. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the economic factors affecting entrepreneurial activities at the macro level, which, given the literature available in this field, has a greater impact than other factors. The present study was conducted using descriptive analysis, literature reviews and library resources such as books and theoretical and applied entrepreneurship papers. Finally, the collected resources were classified into two categories of supply and demand factors. The factors on the supply side include economic development, technological development, globalization, direct foreign investment and financial development, and demand factors include education, population growth, population density, income level, income gap, access to finance, Tax, labor market flexibility rules, political structure, immigration, unemployment rate, institutional characteristics and macroeconomic environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - تاثیر سیاستهای نولیبرالیستی و نومرکانتیلیستی در توسعه اقتصادی برزیل ( 1985-2016 م)
هادی آجیلی -
Open Access Article
8 - اثر صادرات بازارچه های مرزی بر اشتغال منطقه سیستان
noor mohammad yaghoobi -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigating Economic Sectors Comparative Advantage of Oil Rich Areas Using Regional Input-Output Table: A Case Study of West Karun Region
Mohammadreza Lotfalipour Malihe Ashena Farhad TarahomiIn recent years there has been a significant challenge to the development of oil rich areas, regarding the oil industry's activity in these areas and the expectations of people, as well as the impacts of the economic and oil sectors. Specifying the key economic sectors MoreIn recent years there has been a significant challenge to the development of oil rich areas, regarding the oil industry's activity in these areas and the expectations of people, as well as the impacts of the economic and oil sectors. Specifying the key economic sectors in Khuzestan's oil-rich areas and identifying investment priorities will encourage the region's economic development goals. Therefore, in this study, using regional input- output table, priority activities of studied area are identified based on the comparative advantage. Based on the results, agriculture and industry are the leading sectors with the most forward and backward links with other economic sectors. Whereas according to the comparative advantage index, the agricultural sector and some subdivisions of the service sector have comparative advantage. As the private sector is more focused on fast return activities, its fields of activity is more directed to agricultural and service activities. In the short run, therefore, the economic benefits of the area can be maintained by the completion of agricultural infrastructure and the development of related industries, and the development of public and social services infrastructure; So, economic development and employment can be increased. Also, in the long run where it is possible to invest, the industry sector can be considered as an important part of the economic development of the area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - مزیت نسبی بخش¬های اقتصادی نواحی نفت¬خیز با استفاده از جدول داده-ستانده منطقه ای: مطالعه موردی ناحیه غرب کارون
Maliheh Ashena -
Open Access Article
11 - Chinese activism in ASEAN; Efforts to maintain asymmetric economic dependence
Morteza Noor Mohammadi Vahid Sharbati Mohaddese HeidariDespite all the opposition of members international organizations against China, over the past decade, Beijing has reached significant influence in international and regional organizations and is trying to improve It’s status in these organizations by shaping norms, rul MoreDespite all the opposition of members international organizations against China, over the past decade, Beijing has reached significant influence in international and regional organizations and is trying to improve It’s status in these organizations by shaping norms, rules and regulations. One of the most important regional organizations that has received a lot of attention from the Chinese authorities is ASEAN. An organization that can provide many benefits to Beijing. China's interests are now more intertwined with the ASEAN region than ever before; Relations between China and the union has become one of the most complex in the Asia-Pacific region and have recently seen positive changes in both the economic and political dimensions. Of course, the China’s interests of this deepening relationship have outweighed those of the ASEAN members, and this has become one of the concerns of Union officials in recent years. This article tries to examine the type of Chinese action in this regional organization based on the theory of asymmetric economic dependence. According to the article, China seeks to maintain and Promote ASEAN's asymmetric dependence on itself through the promotion of political and economic cooperation, and to prevent regional and international competitors from gaining strength in this organization. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Relationship between Economic Development and Economic Justice from the Perspective of the Qur'an
Mohammad parsaianThe model of economic development of the West as the utopia of the present century has attracted the attention of less developed countries, But its implementation in many countries has had consequences and conflicts such as class divisions, injustice and the decline of MoreThe model of economic development of the West as the utopia of the present century has attracted the attention of less developed countries, But its implementation in many countries has had consequences and conflicts such as class divisions, injustice and the decline of values and it has raised questions about the relationship between justice and development. Economic development in Islam is based on the principles and values of revelation, which, despite having commonalities with the development process in the West, follows a separate path due to differences in the principles, culture and goals. In this study, after studying the concept of Development and Economic Justice in the Holy Quran, it was found that these two concepts are very similar to each other and in fact it can be said that development is the path to social justice and both are united in the behavioral pattern of the divine caliph. Justice and development are both the ultimate goals of Islamic economics and the foundation of each other, and they do not work without each other. Economic justice also affects in the areas of resource utilization and opportunities, human development, production and consumption flows, trade and redistribution, increasing security and economic trust, and double efficiency. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigating the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah
Fatemeh Jalaeipour Meysam Mousaei nayereh pirahari mansour vosooghi Mansour SharifiThe main purpose of the article is to examine the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah. Tourism is a temporal and short trip in which a tourist goes toward the regions outside of their place of residence and work for touring and explorin MoreThe main purpose of the article is to examine the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah. Tourism is a temporal and short trip in which a tourist goes toward the regions outside of their place of residence and work for touring and exploring. Tourism has been deemed as the temporal moving of people to a place that is outside of their usual place of residence and work. In a way that travelers do actions and special facilities during their stay in destination and the special facilities will be provided to meet their needs. Tourism has been existed by its special forms in humane societies based on the motivation, root of travelling and moving traditionally and has been placed in the route of evolution. An important change in tourism can be recognized along with the industrial revolution that paved the way for a considerable change in life, especially in transportation. Todays, tourism activities are deemed as the fourth part of human activities after agriculture, industry and services, and experts predict that, it will turn out to be the most lucrative industry in the world by 2020. The results of this research showed that in the development of the tourism industry, one should pay attention to its strong points in Kermanshah, including the existence of historical monuments and rich cultural heritage, along with the existence of civil infrastructures, and use the potential capacity of this industry's development. By designing such a model, it is expected that the development of tourism will significantly increase the level of income, employment and productivity Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah
Fatemeh Jalaeipour میثم موسائی nayereh pirahari mansour vosooghi Mansour SharifiFatemeh Jalaeipour Meysam Mousaei Nayer Pirahari Mansour Vosooghi Mansour Sharifi Abstract The main purpose of the article is to examine the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah. Tourism is a temporal and short trip in w MoreFatemeh Jalaeipour Meysam Mousaei Nayer Pirahari Mansour Vosooghi Mansour Sharifi Abstract The main purpose of the article is to examine the economic development components of the tourism industry in Kermanshah. Tourism is a temporal and short trip in which a tourist goes toward the regions outside of their place of residence and work for touring and exploring. Tourism has been deemed as the temporal moving of people to a place that is outside of their usual place of residence and work. In a way that travelers do actions and special facilities during their stay in destination and the special facilities will be provided to meet their needs. Tourism has been existed by its special forms in humane societies based on the motivation, root of travelling and moving traditionally and has been placed in the route of evolution. An important change in tourism can be recognized along with the industrial revolution that paved the way for a considerable change in life, especially in transportation. Todays, tourism activities are deemed as the fourth part of human activities after agriculture, industry and services, and experts predict that, it will turn out to be the most lucrative industry in the world by 2020.The results of this research showed that in the development of the tourism industry, one should pay attention to its strong points in Kermanshah, including the existence of historical monuments and rich cultural heritage, along with the existence of civil infrastructures, and use the potential capacity of this industry's development. By designing such a model, it is expected that the development of tourism will significantly increase the level of income, employment and productivity. Manuscript profile
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