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Open Access Article

1 - Substantiality of the Soul in Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra
Maliheh Saberi Najafabadi

One of the important problems of Islamic philosophy is the demonstration of the substantiality of the soul. In spite of their agreement concerning the substantiality of the soul, Mulla Sadra and Ibn Sina have some basic disagreements in the interpretation and explanatio More

One of the important problems of Islamic philosophy is the demonstration of the substantiality of the soul. In spite of their agreement concerning the substantiality of the soul, Mulla Sadra and Ibn Sina have some basic disagreements in the interpretation and explanation of this principle. The extent of these disagreements has also stretched to some critical issues such the explanation of the soul, its changes, and its relationship with other faculties, which are the focus of this paper. According to Ibn Sina, possible beings consist of two analytic-rational components, that is, existence and quiddity. He also maintains that the source of the division of categories, under which substance and accident fall, is quiddity itself. The difference between substance and accident also lies in the fact that existence is substance by itself, and existence is accident through the other. Therefore, the soul is an immaterial substance that performs voluntary administrative acts and perceives universal affairs. It has some branches or faculties through which it carries out its acts. In this approach, the differences among human souls, from their highest to lowest levels, are rooted in accidents, and no change occurs in their substance. In Mulla Sadra’s view, too, accident has no independence before substance, thus it is a dependent truth enjoying an existence depending on the other. Nevertheless, based on the principle of the principiality of existence, the criterion for individuation is existence; an existence which underlies the individuation of a subject and is the referent for substance itself and a referent for all accidents. In other words, it is a single existence that is a referent for man with various accidents. The soul is a substance commensurate with existence and enjoys an essential and graded existence the accidents of which are considered to be the grades of this truth. The soul’s faculties are its modes and grades, and the perfections attained by the soul originate in its unity with perceptive forms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Unity of Being, Unity of Intuition, and Speaking of God
Ghasim Kakaie Tayyebeh Masoumi

One of the most important discussions in Islamic philosophy, kalam, and gnosis is speaking of God. The “unity of being” and “unity of intuition” have been proposed as two approaches to the quality of the relationship between the wayfaring gnostic servant and God and spe More

One of the most important discussions in Islamic philosophy, kalam, and gnosis is speaking of God. The “unity of being” and “unity of intuition” have been proposed as two approaches to the quality of the relationship between the wayfaring gnostic servant and God and speaking of Him. Each of these approaches has some representatives in the tradition of Islamic gnosis and each has specific beliefs regarding gnostic unity. In this paper, through explaining the theories of the unity of being (based on Ibn Arabi’s ideas) and the unity of intuition (based on ‘Ala al-Dawlah Semnani’s views), the writers initially discuss their differences concerning unity. Then they explore the concept of “personal God” as one of the necessities and basic principles of the theory of the unity of intuition as opposed to the Absolute God of the theory of the unity of being. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Adaptive Educational Hypermedia Web Pages Recommending Based on Learning Automata and User Feedback for Resource-Based Learning
Mohammad Tahmasebi Faranak Fotouhi-Dgazvini M. Esmaeili

Personalized recommender systems and search engines, are two effective key solutions to overcome the information overloading problem. They use the intelligent techniques on users’ interactions to extract their behavioral patterns. These patterns help in making a persona More

Personalized recommender systems and search engines, are two effective key solutions to overcome the information overloading problem. They use the intelligent techniques on users’ interactions to extract their behavioral patterns. These patterns help in making a personalized environment to deliver accurate recommendations. In the technology enhanced learning (TEL) field and in particular resource-based learning, recommendation systems have attracted growing interest. Specially, they are an important module of Adaptive Educational Systems that deliver the appropriate learning objects to their users. Gray-sheep users are a challenge in these systems. They have a little similarity with their peers. So the recommendations to others are not suitable for them. To overcome this problem, we propose the idea of accommodating the user’s learning style to web page features. The user's learning style will be computed according to Felder-Silverman theory. On the other hands, the necessary implicit and explicit meta data will be extracted from OCW web pages. By matching the extracted information, the system delivers the appropriate educational links to user. The user can compare the proposed links, based of our algorithm, to the output of Lucene algorithm. A user’s opinion about every web page as a recommended result would be submitted to the system. The system uses a learning automata algorithm and user’s feedback to deliver best recommendations. The system has been evaluated by a group of engineering students to evaluate its accuracy. Results show that the proposed method outperforms the general search algorithm. This system can be used at formal and informal learning and educational environments for Resource-based learning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Fashionism and Youth: An Emerging Social Problem
Javad Maddahi Alireza Ghobadi

Fashion is a pervasive concept in the life cycle of the contemporary world. A phenomenon that, more than any other group, seduces young people as its followers and seems to be an emerging social problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-cultural fa More

Fashion is a pervasive concept in the life cycle of the contemporary world. A phenomenon that, more than any other group, seduces young people as its followers and seems to be an emerging social problem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-cultural factors related to youth fashionism. The research method was survey and the statistical population of this research was the youth of Tehran. The sample size was 387 people which was obtained by using Cochran's formula and the sample was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The data collection technique is combination of researcher-made and standard questionnaire that was evaluated for validity and reliability. The reliability measurement through Cronbach's alpha test shows an acceptable level. According to the findings of this study, there is a significant relationship between the variables of age, parental education, social class, personality, public media and social networks, religiosity and fashion. The results of regression analysis show that according to the adjusted coefficient of determination in the regression equation, 50.3% of the variance of the dependent variable is explained by independent variables. Individualism showed the strongest relationship with fashion. Also, in the section of structural equation path analysis, the model indices have an acceptable fit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Ontological Principles of Man’s Identity in the Transcendent Philosophy
Ali Zamani Kharaei J‘afar Shanazari Seyyed Mahdi Emami Jome‘e

Identity is one of the most important key terms in humanities in the contemporary world. Similar to other theoretical concepts, it originates in metaphysical principles and cannot go beyond them. A study of the principles of the Transcendent Philosophy with reference to More

Identity is one of the most important key terms in humanities in the contemporary world. Similar to other theoretical concepts, it originates in metaphysical principles and cannot go beyond them. A study of the principles of the Transcendent Philosophy with reference to the attention to the truth of existence and the related principles reveals that Man’s true identity is the same as its status, which is simple and, while enjoying stability in character, is gradual and fluid. Accordingly, in the course of its motion, the human identity experiences different changes and attains several scientific and practical perfections that result in different effects and levels with each having its own specific attributes and names. This perception of Man is not only consistent with the realities of human life and Iranian-Islamic culture but also capable of resolving many of the concerns and challenges in modern sciences in relation to anthropology and identity crisis. The present paper examines the ontological principles of the Transcendent Philosophy in relation to Man’s identity and its effects.In the course of its movement, this existence experiences various changes and achieves many scientific and practical perfections, which causes it to have various effects and degrees in such a way that various attributes and characteristics are obtained from each of its stages. This recognition of human beings is not only compatible with the realities of human life and Iranian-Islamic culture, but also eliminates many concerns and challenges of new sciences in the field of anthropology and identity crisis. This article points to the ontological foundations of transcendental wisdom and its relationship with human identity and examines its results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Comparison between individuality, personhood and transcendence of the source of meaning with spirituality
mahdi yarmohammadi Abbas Izadpanah Seyed Ahmad Reza Shahrokhi

Spirituality as a human phenomenon is based on various intellectual foundations, especially theological beliefs. Every theological school proposes a particular kind of spirituality corresponding to its beliefs about the source of meaning. In fact, what and the limits of More

Spirituality as a human phenomenon is based on various intellectual foundations, especially theological beliefs. Every theological school proposes a particular kind of spirituality corresponding to its beliefs about the source of meaning. In fact, what and the limits of spirituality are determined by theological beliefs. The author of the article tries to evaluate the spirituality according to the view of theological schools on the three characteristics of individuality, Personhood and transcendence. The result of the research, which is derived from library data and analytical method of reasoning, indicates that the birth of spirituality due to the connection with the source of meaning depends on its individuality; and possibility of prayer, chant, supplication, personal communication and devotion to the source of meaning is tied to its personhood. Excess in the transcendence destroys the Personhood and the shortage in it will cause the meanness of the source of meaning; Therefore, the knowledge of the divine names and attributes and manifestation of some of them in the heart of the spiritual human being, depend on presenting a transcendence image while being Immanence of the source of meaning. Manuscript profile

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