تراکم

Open Access Article

1 - Risk factors for cattle lameness
Ahmadreza Mohamadnia

Lameness and its consequences are one the most important causes of economic losses in dairy farming. Lameness is a multifactorial condition that can be managed by knowing its risk factors and their importance in specific farms and conditions. Current article focusses on More

Lameness and its consequences are one the most important causes of economic losses in dairy farming. Lameness is a multifactorial condition that can be managed by knowing its risk factors and their importance in specific farms and conditions. Current article focusses on understanding value of causative agents and risk factors in a condition like lameness and evaluating risk factors in dairy farms. Risk factors were classified into farm building or environment factors (Top roof of the barns and its slop and height, flooring and its drainage, distance to milking parlour, milking parlour collecting area, alleys and foot bathes) Managerial factors (Nutrition and feeding, overstocking, herd composition, days in milk, cow movements in the herd, slurry cleaning and drainage, bedding) environment (Temperature, humidity, raining, wind, altitude, heat stress management) and cow factors (body condition scoring, milk production, concurrent diseases, time budgeting). Each factor was analysed in Iran’s dairy farming situation and applied methods of its management were discussed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Spatial Analysis of Changes of Population Density Pattern under Renewal Actions in Tehran (1996-2011)

This paper contains a comparative study of neighbourhood transformation taking place in different administrative parts of Tehran city in Iran. The way of occupation of different areas of the city show it’s certain economic, social and cultural identity and presents diff More

This paper contains a comparative study of neighbourhood transformation taking place in different administrative parts of Tehran city in Iran. The way of occupation of different areas of the city show it’s certain economic, social and cultural identity and presents different landscapes in city. This paper tried to answer this question that how is population density during 1996, 2006 and 2011 in Tehran. This tried to recognize the spatial pattern for population density using ArcGIS, Geoda and techniques of spatial-statistical analysis especially spatial autocorrelation in better way by spatial-temporal investigation. Spatial autocorrelation measures the correlation of a variable with itself through space. The results show that during the three periods of 1996, 2006 & 2011 pattern of population distribution in Tehran has been clustered and has changed during these three periods. Although the intensity and concentration of High-High and Low-Low clusters is reduced however, the more high-density clusters have been formed in the city. Indifferent (Residual) zones have emerged during these periods in places where the High-High zones have formed, this means that New boundaries will change to form high-high clusters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Cultural Sustainability, Density and Housing Typology; Case study : Residential Areas of Tabriz Metropolis
Islam Karami Mojtaba Rafieian Ali Javan Frozandeh Roshanak Sakhinia

By drawing on the tool of studying physical density and residential typology with reference to cultural dimensions, this study aims to examine the concept of culture, with particular emphasis on traditional and Islamic values (with qualitative nature), within both theor More

By drawing on the tool of studying physical density and residential typology with reference to cultural dimensions, this study aims to examine the concept of culture, with particular emphasis on traditional and Islamic values (with qualitative nature), within both theoretical and practical domains and bring it together with the complex and practical concept of physical density(with quantitative nature). In doing so, this study attempts to find strategies to guarantee the perpetual presence of culture in contemporary cities and particularly in residential setups (with qualitative/quantitative nature). The Spacemate is a tool based on the relation between density and structural forms in any scale under study which can assist architects, planners, and urban designers in their decision-making and design projects, where four quantitative indices of density can get involved simultaneously. In this study, not only this tool would be examined in relation to sustainability but also it will be used as a method in defining the relation between the types and sustainability itself. After a brief review on the related literature in three fields of typology, density and cultural sustainability, the study attempts to clarify the relationship between these three fields and the definition of qualitative indices, cultural sustainability and quantitative indices of physical density which relate to different types of residences. A typological approach to the issue of housing with regards to cultural debates can be instrumental because while proposing solutions and programming it can indicate which specific types are to be supported and which types to be prevented or restricted. In order to extract the dimensions and indices of cultural sustainability, qualitative concepts of residential sustainability in the domain of culture was surveyed and by utilizing the Delphi method, during two stages, the questionnaires completed by tens of experts in the field were assessed and selected. From among these concepts, six were detected as the most important concepts and were used during the analysis. Eleven samples from various points of residential spaces in the city of Tabriz were selected for the analysis as representatives of the different types while considering the geographical and cultural distribution of the city. After calculation and statistical analysis of the data, the degree of cultural sustainability of each sample was transferred to Spacemate and was interpreted. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Investigation of birds' density and species diversity of Amir-Kelayeh international wetland during a 10-year period (2007-2016), based on winter census
Hadi Pourmosa shaykhAlikelayeh Saeid Naderi

10.29252/.5.8.15

Amir-Kelayeh international wetland is as one of the important wintering habitats for birds. In present study, the density and diversity of bird species (waterbird, wader and terrestrial bird dependent to the wetland) has been studied in Amir-Kelayeh international wetlan More

Amir-Kelayeh international wetland is as one of the important wintering habitats for birds. In present study, the density and diversity of bird species (waterbird, wader and terrestrial bird dependent to the wetland) has been studied in Amir-Kelayeh international wetland based on the semi-winter birds census data, over a 10-year statistical period. During this ten-year period, the total number of 334776 birds from 46 different birds species was recorded in this wetland. Among the studied years, the highest number of 72188 birds in 2008 and the lowest number of 1877 birds in 2015 have been counted. In terms of quality and food items, this wetland and it's around paddy fields is a good refuge for the Anatidae and Rallidae family that with 64.86 and 50.06 percent of frequency depending on their diet, have the most abundant among the identified family. The biodiversity indexes showed a relatively high amounts, but with a declining trend, and also the index of species evenness indicated a stable trend during this 10-year period in Amir-Kelayeh Wetland. Considering the decreasing trend of biodiversity indexes in Amir-Kelayeh wetland in recent years, increasing the wetland ecological conservation through the management plans such as habitat structure conservation, and illegal hunting and pollution control is recommended. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Study of mosque distribution in the Tehran 8 region with spatial analyses in Geographic Information System

One of the main indicators among Muslim people is the spatial distribution of mosque in relation with population density and location of mosque in the cities In this study the spatial distribution of mosques in the region 8 Tehran municipality based on spatial analysis More

One of the main indicators among Muslim people is the spatial distribution of mosque in relation with population density and location of mosque in the cities In this study the spatial distribution of mosques in the region 8 Tehran municipality based on spatial analysis techniques in the GIS environment studied After creating a mosque geodatabase in the GIS environment for the distribution of mosques in the region 8 Tehran, density analysis and distance analysis for distribution of mosques with population density. Based on spatial analyses studied. Based on this research results, 43.3 percent of region 8 Tehran had a normal condition of proportion population and mosque distribution. Although 32.2 percent of region 8 that are located in the east part of this region, doesn’t have good relation among population density and mosque distribution. The lack of land for development in this region is one of problem for increase mosque in this area Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Citizens' Behavioral Response to Social Diseases in Conflict with Natural Disasters and City Spread
hasanali faraji sabokbar behzad nadi Mohammad Rezaei Narimisa

When the damage condition occurs, accidents such as earthquakes and floods become critical crises. Today, these natural crises are among the issues that are the prevalence of urban communities and can endanger the everyday life of various economic, social and environmen More

When the damage condition occurs, accidents such as earthquakes and floods become critical crises. Today, these natural crises are among the issues that are the prevalence of urban communities and can endanger the everyday life of various economic, social and environmental dimensions. This research is also aimed at explaining social factors that provide vulnerability conditions. Based on this nature, it is descriptive-analytical in nature and in terms of the purpose of developmental-applied purpose. The community of this region is 6th municipality of Tehran, which has been selected as a sample based on the age and the centrality. The data were collected in two fields of the field and a library with tools such as the Dmitry questionnaire and network analysis, books, articles and various maps, and analyzed using EXCEL, MATLAB, IDRISI and ARC GIS 10.1 software’s. The results indicate that the highest vulnerability of the center, the south, and especially the south-east of the range, are among the problematic tissues with a high life and age, as well as the highest density of buildings, population and household size they also have to. The presence of such factors has a significant effect on the access of residential areas to fire centers, therapies and open spaces during and after natural disasters. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - A New Formulation for the Probabilistic Congestion Management Using Chance Constrained Programming
M. Hojjat M. H. Javidi

In this paper, a new method for probabilistic congestion management considering power system uncertainties is proposed. Chance constrained programming (CCP) is used to formulate the probabilistic congestion management as an efficient approach for stochastic optimization More

In this paper, a new method for probabilistic congestion management considering power system uncertainties is proposed. Chance constrained programming (CCP) is used to formulate the probabilistic congestion management as an efficient approach for stochastic optimization problems. The CCP based probabilistic congestion management is solved utilizing a numerical approach by applying the Monte-Carlo technique into the real-coded genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated applying the method to the modified IEEE 9-bus test system. The results of the proposed approach are compared with those of the expected method to have a comprehensive study. The simulation results reflect the flexibility of the proposed approach in transmission congestion management. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A Framework for Congestion Management and Clearing of Energy and Reserve in Multiple Markets
A. Karimi Varkani H. Seifi Mohammad Kazem Sheikh El Eslami

Energy exchange among the electricity markets is a new issue in modern power systems. This issue, especially in Europe, has been identified as a market coupling. In this paper, a framework for congestion management and clearing of multiple electricity markets, in which More

Energy exchange among the electricity markets is a new issue in modern power systems. This issue, especially in Europe, has been identified as a market coupling. In this paper, a framework for congestion management and clearing of multiple electricity markets, in which the market participants can place their bids simultaneously in different markets across an interconnection, is proposed. In this framework, the markets dispatch the energy and the reserve, independently. A central coordinator entity, then, runs the allocation of transmission capacity among the electricity markets. Three methods for simultaneous clearing of the energy and reserve are also proposed. The possibility of implementation of the proposed methods in multiple markets is discussed. The numerical results for three-area 15-bus and IEEE RTS-96 test systems in a triple-market case are presented, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach as compared with the other approaches. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A Game Framework for Congestion Management Based on Generators Re-Dispatching and Demand Response
Ali R. Reisi S. M. Hosseinian

This paper proposes a new algorithm for addressing the congestion problem in the network through generation and demand rescheduling. A demand response market based programming is developed for demand rescheduling by capturing the benefit of retailers. In the proposed al More

This paper proposes a new algorithm for addressing the congestion problem in the network through generation and demand rescheduling. A demand response market based programming is developed for demand rescheduling by capturing the benefit of retailers. In the proposed algorithm two tasks are implemented by the ISO for controlling network security and spark prices. In the case of any network defect, generator re-dispatching is conducted by the ISO and in the case of any spark price, retailers’ demands in specific buses decrease via some economic signals, sent by the ISO. Having such economic signalsthe retailers then participate in a demand response trade with demand response aggregators (DRAs) to optimize their incomes and next to resubmit their demands to the ISO. A Stackelberg game is employed to capture the interplay among retailers, the leaders, and DRAs, the followers. Retailers choose their strategies, the amount and price of required demand response. Then, DRAs compete based on the retailers’ strategies to maximize their payoffs and to choose their strategies, the demand response sale amount. An IEEE bus test network with 14 buses is considered to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. The paper demonstrates that the proposed method enables to alleviate the congestion problem while the retailers’ incomes increase. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 -
foad sajadi vahid tavakoli Ebrahim Sefidari mohamad emami niri

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Polymer Networks as Hierarchical Porous Carbon Materials: Synthesize, Properties and Applications
ziba shirini kordabadi Fatemeh Rafiemanzelat

Porous materials have different types of pores in the micro, meso or nano range, each of which plays a special role in porous materials application. Among these materials, porous carbon materials have a special share due to their unique properties such as: mechanical, c More

Porous materials have different types of pores in the micro, meso or nano range, each of which plays a special role in porous materials application. Among these materials, porous carbon materials have a special share due to their unique properties such as: mechanical, chemical and thermal stability and their reasonable price. There are two main methods for synthesizing porous carbon materials: 1) template method and 2) pyrolysis/activation method. The template method is basically time consuming and tedious due to the use of the template and removal of template. Thus the method of pyrolysis/activation is widely used to prepare porous carbon materials from porous polymer precursers or waste and biomass materials in the presence of the physical and chemical active agents. Replacement of heteroatoms including: N, O, B, S and P in carbon materials leads to increased efficiency and development of their new applications; For example, the use of porous N-doped carbon materials as electrodes in superconducting cells increases the efficiency of energy storage and in the field of adsorbents materials increases the efficiency of CO2 uptake. Due to their unique properties, especially high surface area, low weight and high adsorption capacity, porous carbon materials are used in hydrogen storage, contaminants removal fron air air water, electrodes and as catalyst support. Manuscript profile

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