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Open Access Article

1 - I.R. of Iran’s Mediatory Performance in Karabakh Geopolitical Crisis
yashar zaki

Nation-states have encountered several political and geopolitical crises since the outset of their formation and development. In geopolitical crisis that the grounds for the conflict over the control and capture of one or more geographical values are significant, the cr More

Nation-states have encountered several political and geopolitical crises since the outset of their formation and development. In geopolitical crisis that the grounds for the conflict over the control and capture of one or more geographical values are significant, the crisis endures and sustains to some extent and cannot be easily resolved; since the issue of conflict belongs in the national interests upon which no compromise is feasible for the parties involved. The Republic of Azerbaijan, as an important actor in the geopolitical region of Southern Caucasia, faced a geopolitical crisis of the occupied territories due to Armenian territorial expansionism. It was a crisis that gained some international aspects following the intervention of some powers. Iran, as the most important neighboring country to Azerbaijan, has very often attempted to maintain her own position among regional and transregional actors through intervening in this crisis. Accordingly, this current study descriptively-analytically attempts to examine the question how Iran’s performance is assessed to resolve Karabakh’s crisis. The research findings demonstrate that Karabakh’s crisis has become complicated due to its being multi-faceted, its longevity and resistence, the plurality of the actors and the persuit of some particular geopolitical objectives by the mediators. Iran also follows up her own various objectives on the basis of the complex matrix of crisis and her geopolitical implications: prevention of triple coalition of Azerbaijan-Armenia-Turkey; averting the crisis spreading to her borders; playing an inhibitory role against the presence of transregional actors like Israel and U.S. accosting her borders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Mineral chemistry and thermodynamics conditions of impure marbles formation from Neybaghi metamorphic complex, NE of Myaneh, Iran
Javad Izadyar

A metamorphic rock complex consists of slate, phyllite, micaschist and marble with NE – SW shistosity has cropped out in Neybaghi area in the NE of Myaneh. Impure marbles occur as thick and thin layers or massive bodies within the centeral area of this complex. Textura More

A metamorphic rock complex consists of slate, phyllite, micaschist and marble with NE – SW shistosity has cropped out in Neybaghi area in the NE of Myaneh. Impure marbles occur as thick and thin layers or massive bodies within the centeral area of this complex. Textural and mineralogical evidences, revealed two metamorphic stages. The early stage is testified by the minerals such as pyroxene (diopside), epidote (clinozoisite), amphibole 1 (edenite-pargasite) and plagioclase 1. The main stage have chlorite (clinochlore), phlogopite, amphibole 2 (tremolite) and plagioclase 2. P-T-XCO2 have been estimated for the early and main stage of metamorphism by computing nonideal and asymmetrical fugacity and activity and programing in THERMOCALC software for fluid and solid phases. The estimations give pressure, temperature and XCO2 of 9.5Kbar, 660°C and 0.35, whereas the main stage has been constrained at P=4.2Kbar, T=510°C, XCO2=0.4. The obtained P-T path shows that the Neybaghi marbles were formed under medium pressure condition and overprinted by a low pressure metamorphism. This type of P-T trend can be formed in collisional tectonic regime. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Mineral chemistry and thermodynamics conditions of impure marbles formation from Neybaghi metamorphic complex, NE of Myaneh, Iran
Javad Izadyar Masumeh Sohrabi Aliasghar Sepahi Azar Gharloghi Leila Mohamadi

A metamorphic rock complex consists of slate, phyllite, micaschist and marble with NE – SW shistosity has cropped out in Neybaghi area in the NE of Myaneh. Impure marbles occur as thick and thin layers or massive bodies within the centeral area of this complex. Textura More

A metamorphic rock complex consists of slate, phyllite, micaschist and marble with NE – SW shistosity has cropped out in Neybaghi area in the NE of Myaneh. Impure marbles occur as thick and thin layers or massive bodies within the centeral area of this complex. Textural and mineralogical evidences, revealed two metamorphic stages. The early stage is testified by the minerals such as pyroxene (diopside), epidote (clinozoisite), amphibole 1 (edenite-pargasite) and plagioclase 1. The main stage have chlorite (clinochlore), phlogopite, amphibole 2 (tremolite) and plagioclase 2. P-T-XCO2 have been estimated for the early and main stage of metamorphism by computing nonideal and asymmetrical fugacity and activity and programing in THERMOCALC software for fluid and solid phases. The estimations give pressure, temperature and XCO2 of 9.5Kbar, 660°C and 0.35, whereas the main stage has been constrained at P=4.2Kbar, T=510°C, XCO2=0.4. The obtained P-T path shows that the Neybaghi marbles were formed under medium pressure condition and overprinted by a low pressure metamorphism. This type of P-T trend can be formed in collisional tectonic regime. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - mythical places in folktales
Sara Chalak

Mythical thought is a kind of worldview that has always saved his situation in humans mind. Mythical idea introduce itself by divide the phenomena of the world into sacred and unholy. Locality is an important mythical subject that differ from modern man’s thinking about More

Mythical thought is a kind of worldview that has always saved his situation in humans mind. Mythical idea introduce itself by divide the phenomena of the world into sacred and unholy. Locality is an important mythical subject that differ from modern man’s thinking about place. Mythical place differ from its surrounding because it is sacred. It may be an archetype like mount or fountain, or may be it has become sacred because of the unworldly object. It has influential power to characters.it can change characters. Folktale as an old type of oral literature contain the insight, philosophic thought and life style of past human being. One of the mythical subject in folktales is locality. This places cause of the relationship with the transcendental affairs, consider as a mythical place. Most of characters in folktale, change mentally by being there and their destiny change. In this article, we tried to use the theories of great mythologists such as Mircea Eliade and Ernest Cassirer to analyze e few sets of folktales. For this purpose, the places such as mount, fountain, sea, river, garden, well were investigated.and their mythical modality was examined. my research method in this article is descriptive and analithical. . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analysis of cemeteries organizing in Isfahan city from the perspective of the Islamic Iranian city pattern
Asghar Montazer alghaeem Fardin Koshki

As death is an inevitable stage of human life, the cemetery has always been one of the main and unavoidable spaces of every human settlement, including Islamic Iranian cities.The present study has been carried out to analyze the organization of the cemeteries in the cit More

As death is an inevitable stage of human life, the cemetery has always been one of the main and unavoidable spaces of every human settlement, including Islamic Iranian cities.The present study has been carried out to analyze the organization of the cemeteries in the city of Isfahan from a native and Islamic perspective.The research methodology is qualitative and Sampling method is purposeful. In compared to local cemeteries (decentralized approach) and Rezvan Garden (centralized approach) results show thateach one has different characteristics; among them, in cemetery of the Garden of Rezvan, it would be better service andhygienic and religious issues are being respected.In the case of Isfahan local cemeteries is easier access to them that this will result in savings in time and money of citizens.Also, the use of local cemeteries helps promote walking and reducing the use of cars that this follows savings in fuel consumption and reduces air pollution.In terms of urbanity, local cemeteries have a more human scaleand because they are formed influenced by native thoughts are considered as the promoters of Iranian-Islamic urbanity.Socially, local cemeteries create social cohesion and reinforce collectivism against individualism.Legally, with reinforcement of local cemeteries, the freedom of individuals is greater to determine the place of burial.From a spiritual and cultural point of view, decentralized approach to cemeteries,due to easy access to space of cemetery,strengthens the memory of death in society and the city and create the ultimate goal of space of the cemetery, which is a reminder to the live people and beacause in 20-year perspective document of Country emphasizes on Islamic identity and ethics, therefore, the strengthening of local cemeteries is in direction of the 20-year perspective document of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the horizon of 1404 solar calender. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Studying and recognizing the structural system and the formation pattern of Khan Garden of Shushtar; A distinct type of Iranian gardening
Mohammad Ebrahim Mazhary Amin Maghsoudi Fatemeh Poodat

Gardening tradition in the geographical area of Iran has included valuable types of gardens such as fruit garden, river garden, organic garden etc over past centuries. However, despite having unique features, because of the lack of compliance to the prevalent pattern of More

Gardening tradition in the geographical area of Iran has included valuable types of gardens such as fruit garden, river garden, organic garden etc over past centuries. However, despite having unique features, because of the lack of compliance to the prevalent pattern of the Iranian Garden, these gardens have been relatively less studied and recognized. Khan garden in Shushtar, adjacent to the historic water canal of Gargar, is a remarkable example of such types of Iranian gardening since its unique context contains considerable features of gardening that are very unusual among other types of Iranian gardens. Accordingly, this research will try to study and recognize constructive components and elements of Khan garden through a qualitative approach and using the descriptive-analytical research method. In order to recognize and document information related to Khan garden like natural, historical and morphological data, the research applies the cataloguing technique. The required data are primarily collected through biblio sources such as historical accounts, archival documents, maps, aerial images. Also, field survey and oral interviews in the process of data collecting are employed. Based on research findings, the Khan garden should be perceived as a river garden and structurally could be classified as a uni-axial garden. However, since the specific context of the garden’s position, that axe has been placed on an indirect extension that affects constructive systems of the garden and provides an irregular and organic structure for that. Furthermore, according to other findings, agricultural activities, cultural influences of Qajar time, and surrounding characteristics have been the most significant factors in shaping the structural pattern of the Khan garden. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Spatial Developments of Sirjan During Islamic Period Based on the Archaeological Evidences and the Written Historical Resources
hasan karimian Ahmad pourahmad Zeinab Afzali

One of the major cities of Kerman province since the Sasanian period, Sirjan has played a key role in the political, economic, and cultural developments of southeastern Iran due to its geographical location and adjacency to trade routes. Written sources provide detailed More

One of the major cities of Kerman province since the Sasanian period, Sirjan has played a key role in the political, economic, and cultural developments of southeastern Iran due to its geographical location and adjacency to trade routes. Written sources provide detailed information about Sirjan during the period; however, issues such as formation, development and decline, and settlements in different periods, as well as the social structure and the economic and cultural activities of the inhabitants have remained mostly neglected, which calls for archaeological studies and evidence. Despite its importance in the Islamic period, Sirjan has received little attention from archaeologists, and there are many uncertainties about its formation and relocations in different periods. Surprisingly, there is no archaeological information about the city even from an period as recent as the Safavid period. This study attempts to examine the process of Sirjan’s formation, development, and decline during the Islamic period, using written historical sources and archaeological evidence obtained in field research. The study also tries to explore the city’s site selection during the Islamic period and the causes of these relocations from an archaeological viewpoint, using archaeological excavations in Sirjan plain and analysis of the resulting data. The finding of the present study indicated that Sirjan, which was one of the strategic centers in southeastern Iran during the historical period, flourished in the early Islamic centuries and was of great importance as the center of Kerman province for several centuries. However, the city declined and was later abandoned in the late Seljuk period until Ghal’eh Sang gradually replaced the Shahre Qhadem. Evidence also showed that Ghal’eh Sang was the most important settlement in the Sirjan plain from the 13th to the late 15th century. After the destruction of the castle by the Aq Qoyunlu rulers in the late 15th century, this area lost its appeal and was replaced by Bagh Bamid Garden. During the Safavid period, Bagh Bamid was the most important settlement on the Sirjan plain. However, the governor’s seat and the urban center were transferred to Sa’iid Abad after its development and expansion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Comparison of the results of linear and non-linear geostatistical methods for modeling and evaluation of Saveh North-Narbaghi copper ore reserve
Reza Ahmadi

In this research, Saveh North-Narbaghi copper deposit was evaluated by using linear and nonlinear geostatistical methods and their results were compared. To achieve the goal, in the first step, average grade and ore reserve were calculated using log-kriging and indicato More

In this research, Saveh North-Narbaghi copper deposit was evaluated by using linear and nonlinear geostatistical methods and their results were compared. To achieve the goal, in the first step, average grade and ore reserve were calculated using log-kriging and indicator kriging with cut off grades of 1000, 1500, 2000, and 2500 (ppm) by SGeMS2. Then the deposit was simulated by Datamine software and the average grade and ore reserve were estimated through ordinary kriging method. The results of the research show that the differences between log-Kriging and ordinary Kriging with applied cut off grades for the ore reserve are 0.96%, 19.18%, 9.81% and 10.44% respectively. Also, the discrepancy between indicator Kriging and ordinary kriging methods with applied cut off grades are 13.45%, 9.29%, 14.73% and 11.63% respectively. In general, the accuracy of the results and research performance are understood from the proximity of the results of average grade and amount of ore reserve estimation employed by all three methods. However, the average grade with different cut off grades by multiple indicator Kriging method is higher than the other methods due to lower blending ore and gangue in this method and high degree of purity of ore blocks compared with the other methods. Also, the reason of overestimation obtained by ordinary block kriging using Datamine software is related to the user's intervention in determining the mineralized intervals in the boreholes on the basis of experience and recognition of the deposit condition. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Role of Shiite Schools in the Safavid Era in the Development of Islamic Culture and Civilization (Emphasizing on the two schools of Khan Shiraz and the Chahar Bagh of Isfahan)
Aboutaleb Ahmadi Moghaddam mahdi goljan ramin yalfani

According to written sources, teaching and education in Islam was practiced in mosques and schools until the 900 A.D. gradually, from the late of 800 and early of 900 A.D, scholars began to establish Dar al-Alum and schools. From the 1000 A.D, there was a major change i More

According to written sources, teaching and education in Islam was practiced in mosques and schools until the 900 A.D. gradually, from the late of 800 and early of 900 A.D, scholars began to establish Dar al-Alum and schools. From the 1000 A.D, there was a major change in the educational method in Iran and in the sovereign territories, and numerous schools were established throughout the country. This process continued during the two Ilk Hani and Teymuri periods and finally culminated in the Safavid era. The Safavid era has been introduced as a classic era in the history of Islamic Iranian schools. During this period, two important factors: the formation of a centralized Iranian state and the formal conversion of the Shiite religion paved the way for the creation of a new and dynamic educational system in a new format. The result was an increase in schools and scientific and educational facilities. This research is based on library and field research and in a descriptive-analytical and historical way, it seeks to study the impact of Safavid era schools, especially the two schools of Khan Shiraz and Chahar Bagh of Isfahan on cultural development in Iran and the Islamic world. Studies show that the schools of the Safavid era, especially the two schools of Khan Shiraz and the four gardens of Isfahan, play an important role in promoting the education and training of the Iranian youth and their special importance and presence in them. Finally, Iranian-Islamic culture has flourished. Accordingly, in the Safavid era, these schools and educational systems have contributed to the identification of the Safavid society, and the increasing expansion of educational systems in the context of the Shiite community has led to changes in social behavior and ultimately to the gradual growth and development of culture and civilization. The Islamic community of that era is gone. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - An Analysis of the Formal Typology of Sunken Courtyards in the Central Plateau of Iran; Case Study: Traditional Houses of Yazd
somayeh omidvari mehdi basouli

The sunken courtyard is one of the spatial types of underground architecture and an important spatial element of traditional dwellings in the city of Yazd. This spatial element is formed in response to a variety of factors, including climatic, functional, and physical r More

The sunken courtyard is one of the spatial types of underground architecture and an important spatial element of traditional dwellings in the city of Yazd. This spatial element is formed in response to a variety of factors, including climatic, functional, and physical requirements. In addition, it allows a family to live in the heart of the earth in the summer, away from direct sunshine, and in the winter, under the protection of the soil. Despite substantial research on the physical and spatial characteristics of subterranean courtyards, little is known about their formal typology. The purpose of this research is to investigate the significance and function of sunken courtyards in traditional Yazd dwellings, as well as the causes for their genesis and their formal typology. This is a qualitative study and the descriptive-analytical methodology was employed. This paper’s data was gathered through a field survey and documents. In this study, 40 traditional houses in Yazd with pit courtyards were surveyed. Following that, eight houses were chosen based on the level of the yards and the spatial features of sunken yards, and were analyzed based on formal typology. As a result, many typologies based on four different themes were presented, including the geometry of sunken courtyards, their location in houses, the organization of spaces around pit yards, and the depth of sunken yards. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The Belief in the Other World in Pre-Historic Iran (A Philosophical Analysis based on Archeological Proofs)
Atousa Moemeni

Following the growth of human sciences, archeology, as one of the materialist and spiritual branches of human sciences, has recently been seeking to learn about the quality of the formation, continuity, and change of early societies. It has been doing so on the basis of More

Following the growth of human sciences, archeology, as one of the materialist and spiritual branches of human sciences, has recently been seeking to learn about the quality of the formation, continuity, and change of early societies. It has been doing so on the basis of tangible and intangible proofs and through investigating the development of thoughts, cultures, traditions, and beliefs of such societies. Moreover, archeologists aim to perceive this process of change and development alongside rational and logical findings in relation to human worldviews as an everlasting treasure which has lingered since pre-history until now. Death and its life-related and ontological dimensions in different cultures and societies have always been among the most fundamental problems attracting the attention of human beings all over the world. In fact, humans are essentially living beings who are always thinking about death and have continually kept their connection with this concept in the course of history. Archeological proofs represent the most tangible legacy of death-related thoughts and demonstrate people’s attention and sensitivity to death, which are themselves rooted in their philosophy of the other world. In the present paper, the author has tried to deal with the philosophy of death and Man’s thanatoptic nature during the second and first millennia BC based on some archeological diggings in an Iron Age cemetery (which represents a specific age and a region with a rich ancient history and culture). She has also sought to particularly study burial traditions and their changes along with their underlying ideological foundations. In this way, with references to certain archeological studies and discovered artifacts in field excavations, the author hopes to shed some light on Man’s awareness of death and their beliefs in relation to the world after death and analyze the transfer of such thoughts and all their evolving dimensions to the next generations based on rational and logical principles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Improving Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic
Shayesteh Tabatabaey

Wireless sensor networks consist of thousands of sensor nodes with limited energy. Energy efficiency is a fundamental challenge issue for wireless sensor networks. Clustering sensor nodes in separate categories and exchanging information through clusters is one of the w More

Wireless sensor networks consist of thousands of sensor nodes with limited energy. Energy efficiency is a fundamental challenge issue for wireless sensor networks. Clustering sensor nodes in separate categories and exchanging information through clusters is one of the ways to improve energy consumption. This paper presents a new cluster-based routing protocol called SFLCFBA. The proposed protocol biologically uses fast and effective search features inspired by the Shuffled Frog Leaping algorithm, which acts based on the Frog food behavior to cluster sensor nodes. The proposed protocol also uses fuzzy logic to calculate the node fitness, based on the two criteria of distance to the sink and the remaining energy of the sensor node or power of battery level. IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol and NODIC Protocol with the proposed methodology and OPNET Simulator were simulation and the results in terms of energy consumption, end to end delay, signal to noise ratio, the success property data and throughput were compared with each other. The results of the simulation showed that the proposed method outperforms the IEEE 802.15.4 Protocol and NODIC Protocol due to the use of the criteria listed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Investigating the Citizens' Attitude Towards Liveliness of Pedestrian Streets: A Case Study of Charbagh Abbasi Street, Isfahan, Iran
Zahra masaeli samar haghighi

10.61186/journalitor.36104.11.22.231

Enhancing the quality and liveliness of pedestrian zones is being increasingly turned into a significant scenario in the process of tourism development among competing actors at national, regional, and international scales. However, many projects regarding the developme More

Enhancing the quality and liveliness of pedestrian zones is being increasingly turned into a significant scenario in the process of tourism development among competing actors at national, regional, and international scales. However, many projects regarding the development of pedestrian tourism routes are not welcomed by the public when operationalized due to their lack of liveness, despite the huge costs and time dedicated to them in the pre-planning phase. Therefore, the main question posed in this regard is whether there is any significant difference between different people in terms of knowing the factors involved in the liveliness of urban pedestrian zones. The answer to this question could be of great importance, especially in countries like Iran where the decisions to intervene in public spaces are taken unilaterally without the participation of the prospective users of such projects. Thus, this study sought to identify the barriers to obtaining liveliness in Charbagh Abbasi Pedestrian Street" in Isfahan via the Q method, trying to analyze the attitude of different people in this regard using Q factor analysis. To this end, ten frequent users of Charbagh Abbasi Pedestrian Street were selected via snowball sampling method, ten subjects were selected. Moreover, the required data were collected via semi-structured interviews with those ten participants and the review of the related literature, based on which some thirty-nine barriers were identified and prioritized. Finally, Based on the findings of Q factor analysis, the attitude of the participants was classified into three main categories. In other words, the findings of the study revealed three different perspectives on the barriers to obtaining the desired liveliness in such an urban space. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Examination of the philosophy of the splendor and beauty elements in Quran-illustrated paradise with an emphasis on Al-Rahman surah
بهزاد وثيق

Objective: Islam has always portrayed the human status after death. This trend can be seen in several Islamic sources such as fundamental texts and theosophical manuscripts. Some of those are the verses about heaven and hell mentioned at the holy Quran occasionally. Sur More

Objective: Islam has always portrayed the human status after death. This trend can be seen in several Islamic sources such as fundamental texts and theosophical manuscripts. Some of those are the verses about heaven and hell mentioned at the holy Quran occasionally. Surah Al-Rahman has presented exquisite descriptions of paradise among other allegorical verses, in which we can find out basic elements of landscape architecture and garden design. At outset, this paper deals with the history of main elements of Islamic garden like tree and water in ancient culture and mythology. Thereupon, we also review the Islamic doctrine of paradise to realize the main concept and design features of it in Quran. Method: Descriptive-analytical method has been employed to conduct the study with a focus on verses of Surah Al-Rahman, aiming to introduce the architectural concepts of Quranic verses. Conclusion: The study indicates that Muslim architects have always tried to derive the landscape architecture and design criteria for their garden design from the verses of the holy Quran. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The manifestation of Quranic concepts in Persian garden with an emphasis on Enasn Sura
Mohamadreza pourjafar

In this paper, by studying Persian gardens, particularly in the Islamic period, and examining its general characteristics of the physical environment (water, plants, etc.), the elements of garden has been studied. Then by exploring the text of the Qur’an, especially More

In this paper, by studying Persian gardens, particularly in the Islamic period, and examining its general characteristics of the physical environment (water, plants, etc.), the elements of garden has been studied. Then by exploring the text of the Qur’an, especially Ensan Surah and its related interpretations, Quranic paradise elements has been reviewed in the elements of Dolat Abad garden. The review has been done through Structural - spatial analysis of Dolat Abad garden and adopting them with quranic concepts. The purpose of this study was to extract the common blessings of the Garden of Eden with the Dolat Abad garden. Techniques used in this research are descriptive – analytical. Data was collected through visiting, field harvesting and library and comparing them with the quranic interpretations. The results show that the elements of a Persian garden have been referred to as Heaven’s blessings. These blessings have remained some material and spiritual metaphors both in the body of the garden and its designer believes either objectively or subjectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Manifestation of Quran’s Verses in Persian Carpet-Garden, with an Emphasis on Surah Al-Rahman
mohammad javad Mahdavi nezhad Mojtaba Ansari سپیده صمدزاده Azadeh Fazeli Marziehalsadat Ahmad nejad

Verses of the Quran are manifestations of God’s beauty and magnificence and Muslim artists have benefited from these verses to create art works that manifest their ideal Heaven. In line with this, the Persian garden-carpet is a reflection of the picture of garden-hea More

Verses of the Quran are manifestations of God’s beauty and magnificence and Muslim artists have benefited from these verses to create art works that manifest their ideal Heaven. In line with this, the Persian garden-carpet is a reflection of the picture of garden-heaven, which itself is considered a display of Quranic paradise. Quranic paradise’s patterns are used in both Iranian carpets and gardens which help us know Muslims' beliefs through their art. The aim of this research is to recognize the ancient patterns of Persian garden in the Quran’s verses, especially verses of Surah Al-Rahman, and investigate how they are used in Persian carpet structure. The questions that are posed in this research are:1) How do the Quran’s verses, especially Surah Al-Rahman, describe Heaven? 2) How can we see Quranic paradise’s patterns in Persian garden structure and carpet-garden? To answer these questions, a descriptive-analytic method, which relies on comparative techniques, has been used. The results of the research show that the structure of garden-carpet in Islamic Iranian art agrees with the parameters and features of the Quranic paradise. Therefore, it could be concluded that the carpet–garden is considered as the sample of heaven-garden with semantic, functional, and somatic triple orders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Manifestation of Quran’s Verses in Persian Carpet-Garden, with an Emphasis on Surah Al-Rahman
mohammad javad Mahdavi nezhad Mojtaba Ansari سپیده صمدزاده Azadeh Fazeli marzieh alsadat ahmadnejad

Muslim artists' believes are related to Quran verses which show God's grace and dignity. Therefore their works could be the manifestation of what Quran verses express about heaven. In this way, Persian garden-carpet would be the showing of garden-heaven picture that its More

Muslim artists' believes are related to Quran verses which show God's grace and dignity. Therefore their works could be the manifestation of what Quran verses express about heaven. In this way, Persian garden-carpet would be the showing of garden-heaven picture that itself is considered as the blaze of Quran paradise. Quran paradise patterns are used in both Iranian carpets and gardens which help us know Muslims' believes through their art. The aim of this research is to recognize the ancient patterns of Persian garden in Quran verses, especially AlrahmanSorah, and investigating how they are used in Persian carpet structure. The questions that are posed in this research are:1) How do Quran verses, especially AlrahmanSorah, describe heaven? 2) How can we see Quran paradise patterns in Persian garden structure and carpet-garden? To answer these questions, a descriptive-analytic method, which relies on comparative techniques, is used. The results of the research show that the structure of garden-carpet in Islamic Iranian art agrees with the indexes of Quran paradise. Therefore, it could be concluded that the carpet–garden is considered as the sample of heaven-garden with semantic, functional, and somatic trial orders. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Investigating the Perceptions of Nature in Tajabad Natanz Garden from the Ecological Perspective of Perception
Parnian Gholipour Mohammadreza Ataee Hamedani Sara Taghavi Ardakan Razie Fathi

The Iranian garden can be considered one of the most prominent and best models of landscape design in Iran, which is the result of the interaction between humans in the face of nature, since the interaction formed between man and nature results in mutual effect of them More

The Iranian garden can be considered one of the most prominent and best models of landscape design in Iran, which is the result of the interaction between humans in the face of nature, since the interaction formed between man and nature results in mutual effect of them on each other. The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between stimulation of the senses, perceptions and the geometry of the Iranian garden. In other words, the three basic factors of man, environment and the relationship between man and environment are examined to determine how each one acts and reacts, and influences the other. The methodology in the present study is qualitative with a comparative approach to present the general structure of a unique example, which is the Tajabad Natanz Garden. It expresses the general theoretical foundations arising from the perceptions of the environment and psychology related to it. Field observation and library documents were used to collect information. The obtained result indicate that the Iranian garden as a whole is the product of the connection of components, each of which alone does not convey a specific meaning and concept to the audience, and the coexistence of these elements and components together forms the concept of the Iranian garden. Thus, in recreating the Iranian garden in the physical environment of life, including in contemporary cities, increasing attention should be paid to its perceptual process by modern man to provide an appropriate response to the needs of contemporary man. It will improve the mental health of the society in the first step and leads to the connection in the areas of meaning and provides the conditions for individual self-fulfillment in the second step. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - An Individual-Oriented Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for Solving Vehicle Routing Problem
Soheila Shafiezadeh Zahra Beheshti

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the most important problems in supply chain management because the optimal allocation of vehicles has a significant impact on reducing costs. VRP is in the class of NP-hard problems and exact algorithms cannot find the best so More

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the most important problems in supply chain management because the optimal allocation of vehicles has a significant impact on reducing costs. VRP is in the class of NP-hard problems and exact algorithms cannot find the best solution in an acceptable time. Hence, meta-heuristic algorithms can be employed to solve it. Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) is one of the meta-heuristic algorithms, which is efficient, but in some cases, its population diversity rapidly reduces, and the algorithm falls in local optima. In this study, an Individual-Oriented Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (IO-SFLA) is proposed to enhance the exploration and exploitation of SFLA by exchanging the global and local information. Several VRPs in different dimensions are applied to evaluate the performance of IO-SFLA. The efficiency of IO-SFLA is compared with several improved shuffled frog leaping algorithms, Simulated Annealing (SA) and Genetic Algorithm (GA). The results show that IO-SFLA provides significant results compared with the other competitor algorithms. IO-SFLA achieves an average of 1130.442 for the best path cost. The next rank belongs to SA with an average of 1228.725. Other compared algorithms are in the lower ranks with high differences in results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Improving the load balancing in Cloud computing using a rapid SFL algorithm (R-SFLA)
Kiomars Salimi Mahdi Mollamotalebi

Nowadays, Cloud computing has many applications due to various services. On the other hand, due to rapid growth, resource constraints and final costs, Cloud computing faces with several challenges such as load balancing. The purpose of load balancing is management of th More

Nowadays, Cloud computing has many applications due to various services. On the other hand, due to rapid growth, resource constraints and final costs, Cloud computing faces with several challenges such as load balancing. The purpose of load balancing is management of the load distribution among the processing nodes in order to have the best usage of resources while having minimum response time for the users’ requests. Several methods for load balancing in Cloud computing have been proposed in the literature. The shuffled frog leaping algorithm for load balancing is a dynamic, evolutionary, and inspired by nature. This paper proposed a modified rapid shuffled frog leaping algorithm (R-SFLA) that converge the defective evolution of frogs rapidly. In order to evaluate the performance of R-SFLA, it is compared to Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) and Augmented Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (ASFLA) by the overall execution cost, Makespan, response time, and degree of imbalance. The simulation is performed in CloudSim, and the results obtained from the experiments indicated that the proposed algorithm acts more efficient compared to other methods based on the above mentioned factors. Manuscript profile

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