اطمینان

Open Access Article

1 - An Approach to Agent- dependent Replicated in Fault-Tolerant Mobile Code Execution
Hodjat Hamidi

In this paper, we have presented the mobile code paradigm, which is a collection of remote evaluation, code on demand, and mobile agents, as an alternative to the conventional client/server paradigm. Security is a major problem of mobile agent systems, especially when m More

In this paper, we have presented the mobile code paradigm, which is a collection of remote evaluation, code on demand, and mobile agents, as an alternative to the conventional client/server paradigm. Security is a major problem of mobile agent systems, especially when money transactions are concerned. Security for the partners involved is handled by encryption methods based on a public key authentication mechanism and by secret key encryption of the communication. In this paper, we examine qualitatively the security considerations and challenges in application development with the mobile code paradigm. We identify a simple but crucial security requirement for the general acceptance of the mobile code paradigm, and evaluate the current status of mobile code development in meeting this requirement. We find that the mobile agent approach is the most interesting and challenging branch of mobile code in the security context. Therefore, we built a simple agent based information retrieval application, the Traveling Information Agent system, and discuss the security issues of the system in particulars. This article discussed a mobile agent model for processing transactions, which manipulate object servers. An agent first moves to an object server and then manipulates objects. General possibilities for achieving fault tolerance in such cases were discussed and the respective advantages and disadvantages for mobile agent environments and the intended parallel and distributed application scenarios were shown. This leads to an approach based on warm standby and receiver side message logging. We have used dynamically changing agent domains to provide flexible, adaptive and robust operation. The performance measurement of Fault-Tolerant Mobile Agent System shows the overhead introduced by the replication mechanisms with respect to a non-replicated agent. Not surprisingly, it also shows that this overhead increases with the number of stages and the size of the agent. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effectiveness of information technology in monitoring and evaluating public service providers and institutions
Ehsan Abedini

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of information technology in monitoring and evaluating public service providers and institutions in order to extract managerial knowledge. This research is a descriptive survey. Data collection tool was a questionnaire More

This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of information technology in monitoring and evaluating public service providers and institutions in order to extract managerial knowledge. This research is a descriptive survey. Data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic information and questions about measuring variables. The statistical population of the present study consisted of employees of executive agencies located in Mazandaran province. The sample size was obtained using the Cochran formula, 346 people. The sampling method is simple random. Data were collected and classified by SPSS V. 21 and LISREL 8.8 software. The results of this study showed that speed, accuracy, reliability and ease of use of information technology have a significant effect on the monitoring and evaluation of services and facilities (p <0.001). In fact, rapid access to information, accelerated data processing, information provision through automation, and information security can lead to better monitoring and evaluation of service providers and institutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - ترسيم نقشه استراتژي با در نظر گرفتن نوع نگرش و میزان اطمینان تصمیم گیرندگان با استفاده از تکنیک DEMATEL فازی
حسين صفري

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Open Access Article

4 - The impact of demand management policies uncertainty on capital market output (A case study of Tehran Stock Exchange)

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of demand management policies uncertainty on Tehran Stock Exchange output. The uncertainty in money supply and government expenses variables on stock exchange output has been studied using monthly data over th More

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate the impact of demand management policies uncertainty on Tehran Stock Exchange output. The uncertainty in money supply and government expenses variables on stock exchange output has been studied using monthly data over the period of 1387-1392. The results indicated that money supply variable has the problem of uncertainty while government expenses don't. The results of MSEGARCH model on money supply variable showed that uncertainty in money supply variable in both high and low volatility has a significant negative impact on stock exchange output. The results of MS-VAR model represent the fact that government expenses have a significant impact on stock exchange index in both upswing and stagnation phases. Accordingly, it is observed that the uncertainty in demand management policies is influencing stock exchange output and these influences are in conflict with each other, so it is suggested that the government managers and policy makers (government expenses) and Central bank (money supply) implement the policies with more coordination in order to decrease the amount of these conflicting impacts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Provide a multi-objective mathematical programming model for supplier selection in discounted status
Abbas Shoul ali yaghoubipoor laleh abbaslo

In the present study, the supplier selection problem from a new perspective is formulated and solved. For this purpose, minimizing cost and minimizing delivery time and maximizing reliability are considered as objectives of the problem. The purchasing cost in discounted More

In the present study, the supplier selection problem from a new perspective is formulated and solved. For this purpose, minimizing cost and minimizing delivery time and maximizing reliability are considered as objectives of the problem. The purchasing cost in discounted status, the order cost, the transportation cost, the shortage cost and the carrying cost, the components forming the cost objective function. In this research, the design of reliability in parallel systems is benchmarked for supplier selection, so that the supplier's set is considered as a system and each supplier as a component. After mathematical modeling of the problem, the objective functions are described as fuzzy goals and a fuzzy decision approach has been used to rewrite the proposed three-objective model as a single-objective model. The production of a final solution rather than a set of Pareto's solutions is one of the advantages of the proposed method, which prevents decision-making confusion. In order to describe the function and potential application of the proposed method, the supplier selection problem with the actual data was solved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Economic Evaluation for Independent Network with Inner Control Consist of Distributed Generation
A. Khandani

In this paper, four scenarios of energy supply for consumers are compared using the proposed objective function and the most appropriate energy methods have been identified. Four energy scenarios are: energy only by the network, the networks and distributed resources, m More

In this paper, four scenarios of energy supply for consumers are compared using the proposed objective function and the most appropriate energy methods have been identified. Four energy scenarios are: energy only by the network, the networks and distributed resources, micro-grid systems only and micro grid connected to the upstream network. The objective function for these energy scenarios are calculated and compared for two different load connections, all loads on one feeder and each load on individual feeders. Proposed objective function for each scenario consists of two dimensions, cost and reliability. Cost dimension includes constant cost, current cost and reliability dimension includes non delivered energy for consumers. After conversion into one dimension, the objective function is solved using linear programming. The proposed method in this paper compared with similar methods and these results demonstrate that the method in this paper is more efficient and practical. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Reliability Insurance Contract as a New Method for Reliability Adjustment in Electrical Distribution Network
S. M. Abedi

Several regulation schemes such as Rate of Return (ROR) and Price Cap (PC) lack incentives for efficient investment. ROR lead to overinvestment and PC on the other hand lead to underinvestment. Regulator employs various forms of reward/penalty schemes (RPS) to cover inh More

Several regulation schemes such as Rate of Return (ROR) and Price Cap (PC) lack incentives for efficient investment. ROR lead to overinvestment and PC on the other hand lead to underinvestment. Regulator employs various forms of reward/penalty schemes (RPS) to cover inherent weaknesses in PC. Adding RPS allow utilities to make cost effective reliability improvements in response to changes in technology and costs but since this schemes result in consumers purchasing reliability and delivery as a single, optimal level of investment can’t be insured. To solve this problem, in the recent year, the Reliability Insurance Scheme (RIS) has been introduced which through it the reliability and delivery services are unbundled and so the efficient investment is insured. In this paper, firstly, the investment structure under RIS is compared to that of traditional regulatory schemes and, according to this comparison; the advantages of RIS are illustrated. In the second step, under RIS, the effects of free-riding and investment delay on the investment dynamics are evaluated and finally the centralized method for alleviating these effects is proposed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Insurance Contract for the Transfer of Electrical Energy, an Incentive Method to Improve the Reliability
A. Khandani A. Akbari Forod

In competitive electricity market, maximizing the profit is the main objective in company’s decision making. Hence, Transmission companies (Trans Cos) are not interested in improving reliability and expanding existing structures without financial benefits. On the other More

In competitive electricity market, maximizing the profit is the main objective in company’s decision making. Hence, Transmission companies (Trans Cos) are not interested in improving reliability and expanding existing structures without financial benefits. On the other hand, consumers demand more reliable and high quality power. In this paper, transmission insurance plan is proposed as an incentive method to improve the reliability of electrical power transmission. In this method, an insurance contract concluded between insurance company and every customer. Insurance company spend a part of its revenue to increases the reliability of the transmission system and also pays for compensation of consumers not supplied energies. The proposed method is studied in a network with six buses. Results show that the proposed method increases network reliability. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A Fault-Tolerant Routing Algorithm for 3D Networks-on-Chip
M. Taghizadeh Firoozjaee M. Taghizadeh Firoozjaee M. Taghizadeh Firoozjaee

The performance of Networks-on-Chip is highly dependent to the incorporated routing algorithms. In recent years, many routing algorithms have been proposed for 2D and 3D Networks-on-Chip. In 3D integrated circuits, different devices are stacked through silicon via in wh More

The performance of Networks-on-Chip is highly dependent to the incorporated routing algorithms. In recent years, many routing algorithms have been proposed for 2D and 3D Networks-on-Chip. In 3D integrated circuits, different devices are stacked through silicon via in which the vertical connections are vulnerable to manufacturing process variations. Therefore, because of the high impact of faulty links or nodes on the performance of a Network-on-Chip, utilizing a fault-tolerant routing algorithm is of great importance especially for 3D Networks-on-Chip in which the vertical links are more vulnerable. In this paper, a new fault-tolerant routing algorithm called FT-ZXY is proposed to be used in 3D Networks-on-Chip. This routing method is capable of tolerating multiple vertical faulty links in addition to single horizontal faulty links without using any virtual channels thus incurs a very low hardware overhead. Experimental results reveal that the proposed routing algorithm has more reliability compared to the previous designs while incurs less latency and requires lower area and power overheads. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Evaluation of Performance, Reliability and Security for Share-Data, Object-Oriented and Pipe and Filter Styles
H. Banki H. Banki

A desirable software application should be able to provide the quality attributes required by the system, as well as the functional requirements. Software architecture styles have a significant effect on the quality attributes of the designed software as well as its spe More

A desirable software application should be able to provide the quality attributes required by the system, as well as the functional requirements. Software architecture styles have a significant effect on the quality attributes of the designed software as well as its specification and decomposition.) The quantity evaluation and analysis of this effectiveness rate result in the selection of the most appropriate style for designing the architecture. In this paper, a method based on the Colored Petri Net is proposed to quantitatively evaluate three candidate attributes of the software architectural styles called the quality attributes, performance, reliability, and security in three candidate styles named shared-data, object-oriented, and pipe-and-filter software architectural styles. This method has not limitations of the previous-ones in evaluating the quality attributes. In this method, the candidate styles are firstly modeled by using the Colored Petri Net; then, considering the evaluation rules, CPN tools are used to analyze the networks and calculate the exact value of the candidate attributes. At the end, the best candidate style is chosen for implementation through ranking the styles in terms of the satisfaction level of the candidate quality attributes. To present a practical representation using the proposed methodology, the ATM system has been chosen as a case study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Observable Optimized Selective Hardening of Combinational Circuits against Soft-Error
R. Niaraki Asli H. Salemi

Due to the shrinking of feature size, reduction in supply voltage and technology scaling, the sensitivity to radiation induced transient faults of digital systems has dramatically increased. Soft error causes transient distortion in circuit operation and is expected to More

Due to the shrinking of feature size, reduction in supply voltage and technology scaling, the sensitivity to radiation induced transient faults of digital systems has dramatically increased. Soft error causes transient distortion in circuit operation and is expected to become very important in combinational logic with increment of the circuit frequency. In this paper, we introduce an optimized method for hardening of combinational logic circuits against soft errors. In this method, first we have found the most sensitive nodes of the circuit by observability computations. Next for optimizing power-delay product and area, the reliability of the circuit has been computed and the number of the necessary nodes for hardening will be identified. In the next step, three different hardening methods including time redundancy, Schmitt trigger and transistor feedback have been carried out on standard test circuits as our vehicles. The comparison of three method results show that the hardened circuits with Schmitt trigger have the most cumulative critical charge and the least power-delay product and lead to an optimum hardening. Moreover, the simulation results approve the optimized hardening is obtained from suitable selecting the number of required nodes considering observability concepts and reliability computations together with the best node hardening method. Monte-Carlo simulations also approve the performance of the proposed method against process variations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Placement of AVRs and Reconfiguration of Distribution Networks Simultaneously and Robust Considering Load Uncertainty
M. R. Shakarami Y. Mohammadi Pour

: In this paper, optimal locating for AVRs and reconfiguration of distribution networks were assessed simultaneously as an optimization problem. A new objective function was introducing which incorporated several electrical indices including real power losses, reactive More

: In this paper, optimal locating for AVRs and reconfiguration of distribution networks were assessed simultaneously as an optimization problem. A new objective function was introducing which incorporated several electrical indices including real power losses, reactive power losses, reliability, voltage profile, voltage stability, and load capacity of lines (MVA). Various load levels were incorporated into the objective function to make sure that switch status in reconfiguration and AVR taps and locations would be robust against load variations. This paper also introduced a new method for calculating the load levels with respect to load uncertainty. It also considered all loads based on a voltage-dependent model. Several scenarios are defined to thoroughly assess the proposed approach. Integer particle swarm optimization algorithm (IPSO) was used to solve the mentioned optimization problem. The results obtained by the simulation of 33-bus and 69-bus standard IEEE .radial power distribution networks demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - How to Identify Requirements under Uncertainty for Self-Adaptive Software Systems Development
R. Moeinfar Ahmad Abdollahzadeh Barforoush S. M. Hashemi

One key challenge in software systems development is changing requirements at development phases or run-time. This might happen as the result of uncertainty in stakeholder requirements. Uncertain requirements drive a flexible and therefore adaptable architecture to mana More

One key challenge in software systems development is changing requirements at development phases or run-time. This might happen as the result of uncertainty in stakeholder requirements. Uncertain requirements drive a flexible and therefore adaptable architecture to manage risks at run-time. Modeling uncertainty to adapt architecture automatically is an effective solution when requirements change. In order to evaluate requirements and handle uncertainty by modeling and self-managing, it is advantageous to quantify requirements, computationally. This study besides understanding the sources of uncertainty, investigates how to quantify requirements and quality attributes. Subsequently, decision making at all software development phases will be based on numerical analysis that leads to autonomic software development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Reliability Modeling of PV Farm Using Markov Model
V. Khaligh H. Monsef

Utilization of photovoltaic units in power networks and their participation in the power supply has increased in recent years. Total world capacity of PV units has grown exponentially from 1.5 GW in 2000 to about 300 GW in 2016. This paper presents an analytical method More

Utilization of photovoltaic units in power networks and their participation in the power supply has increased in recent years. Total world capacity of PV units has grown exponentially from 1.5 GW in 2000 to about 300 GW in 2016. This paper presents an analytical method for evaluating the reliability of large photovoltaic farms with regard to the changes in input power and reliability indices of unit components. The proposed method is not only capable of estimating the annual energy production of the photovoltaic units, but also able to calculate the system reliability indices. With Markov approach, Frequency and Duration method is utilized in order to model a photovoltaic farm similar to the multistate conventional units. Probability, frequency and transition rate of each state is obtained using the statistical data of solar radiation as well as operational characteristics of a photovoltaic unit. Due to the large number of solar radiation and PV modules operational states, k-means clustering algorithm is used for data classification. This analytical method is applied to the RBTS to demonstrate the effectiveness of developed approach. Capacity credit using LOLF index, is more than what obtained in the case of LOLE index. This observation can be explained through the variable nature of solar radiation in comparison with conventional units. Hence there is a need to obtain a model which reflects the frequency based reliability indices of PV systems. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Selection of an Optimal Equipment Maintenance Strategy Using an Inspection Maintenance Model
M. Samadi H. Seifi

Reliability centered maintenance is a tool for managing the maintenance of deteriorating assets. The basis of this method is the identification of failure mode of equipment, deterioration process, and maintenance scheduling to reduce the risk of failure and maintenance More

Reliability centered maintenance is a tool for managing the maintenance of deteriorating assets. The basis of this method is the identification of failure mode of equipment, deterioration process, and maintenance scheduling to reduce the risk of failure and maintenance costs. One of the maintenance methods used in reliability-based maintenance is inspection-based maintenance. In inspection-based maintenance, a decision about the type of maintenance is made after an inspection and determination of the deterioration status of equipment. In this paper, a model for annual maintenance scheduling of network equipment is provided. The scheduling problem is formulated as a probabilistic model with binary variables as inspection times and the optimal maintenance strategy is determined. This model is implemented on a transformer and sensitivity analysis is performed to analyze the effect of inspection and outage cost. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - A Task Scheduling and Mapping Approach to Enhance the Main Design Challenges of Multiprocessor Systems on Chip
حمیدرضا زرندی

In this paper, a static task scheduling and mapping heuristic approach to optimize execution time, reliability, power and temperature of multiprocessor systems on chip is presented. This method is proposed based on the list scheduling approach and utilized task replicat More

In this paper, a static task scheduling and mapping heuristic approach to optimize execution time, reliability, power and temperature of multiprocessor systems on chip is presented. This method is proposed based on the list scheduling approach and utilized task replication, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, and adding cooling slacks to improve reliability, power consumption and temperature to expand the design space and explore the solution set more efficiently. Due to the existing trade-offs among the considered parameters and their optimization, the optimization process is complicated and our proposed method is used the Pareto front generation technique. Moreover, our proposed method, models the objectives comprehensively to consider their dependency. Several experiments are performed to demonstrate the performance and capability of the proposed method in joint optimization of the parameters and extracting the proper solution set. Compared to the previous research, our proposed method outperforms them in optimizing the considered design parameters and its results is 19% better averagely than an efficient studied heuristic method. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Modeling and Reliability Evaluation of Magnetically Controlled Reactor based on the Markov Process Technique
M. Haghshenas R. Hooshmand

Controlled reactors as one of the flexible AC transmission systems play an important role in the availability and reliability of power systems.However, in the conventional reliability assessment of power systems, reactive power is considered only as a constraint for the More

Controlled reactors as one of the flexible AC transmission systems play an important role in the availability and reliability of power systems.However, in the conventional reliability assessment of power systems, reactive power is considered only as a constraint for the network, and so far no precise model for assessing the reliability of reactors has been provided. In this paper, a new reliability model based on Markov process is proposed for a magnetically controlled reactor (MCR). In the modeling process, first the MCR structure is divided into two distinct parts, and then the extracted Markov models are combined based on frequency/duration technique.Since temperature changes play a significant role in changing the failure rate of electrical equipment, the effect of temperature changes in accordance with the MIL-217F standard has been considered in the proposed model and its impact on the probability of MCR operating modes has been evaluated. The simulation results have shown that in normal temperature conditions, the control system and at high temperatures, reactor windings can have the greatest impact on the availability of MCR. Comparison of reliability indices at different temperatures has shown that under different temperature conditions, different components will affect the availability of MCR. Therefore, in this condition, the measures needed to improve the reliability of the reactor can be different. This fact highlights the importance of considering the effect of operating temperature on reliability assessment as well as planning for preventive maintenance to improve the performance of reactive power sources. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Write Error Rate Reduction Based on Thermal Effect and Dual-Vdd
حمیدرضا زرندی Sh. Jalilian

Write Error (WER) is one of the most drawbacks of STT-MRAM based memories. This problem usually occurred because of thermal instability and process variation. Although some methods have been proposed for WER reduction, they often did not consider the thermal effect of M More

Write Error (WER) is one of the most drawbacks of STT-MRAM based memories. This problem usually occurred because of thermal instability and process variation. Although some methods have been proposed for WER reduction, they often did not consider the thermal effect of MTJ and had significant overhead. Therefore, proposing a new method in a lower layer of abstraction with the minimum penalty is essential. In this regard, a write driver core has been proposed, which uses two distinct ways according to the state of writing data based on the thermal feature of MTJ cell and by Dual-Vdd method. Simulation results show 11.38% write latency reduction without area and power penalty. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Comprehensive Optimal Management System of Distributed Resources Using Dynamic Neural Network in Modeling of Electricity Consumption Uncertainty for Grid-Connected Microgrids
Mohammad Veysi محمدرضا سلطانپور jafar Khalilpour hadi niaei

In this paper, to enhance the optimal planning for power management of micrigrids, a strategy is proposed using power sharing through coordination between microgrids and the neighborhood system, which has no additional costs for generating units. The uncertainty values More

In this paper, to enhance the optimal planning for power management of micrigrids, a strategy is proposed using power sharing through coordination between microgrids and the neighborhood system, which has no additional costs for generating units. The uncertainty values of electrical consumers are modeled by dynamic neural network, considering the implementation process and high accuracy of forecasting. In another view, to supply the electrical energy of microgrid, diesel generator, renewable energies such as solar energy and wind energy and so, battery energy storage are used, in addition to the upstream grid connection. As well as, using of the reliability factors, along with a detailed assessment of current costs will improve the performance of microgrid. Hence, the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and loss of load expectations (LOLE) are expressed as factors for assessing the accuracy of current costs. The proposed model is implemented in GAMS and MATLAB environment and the simulation results clearly demonstrate the desired performance of the proposed algorithm, and leads to gaining revenue for the under-study system. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Presenting a Multi-Criteria QoS-Aware Fault Tolerant Routing Algorithm for Network-On-Chips
Alireza Mahjoub Fatemeh Vardi Roya Rad

Network-on-chip is a router-based paradigm that determines the path of packet passing from the source to destination by a routing pattern through simplified protocols of the public data communication network. Sometimes, it is impossible to send packets from source to de More

Network-on-chip is a router-based paradigm that determines the path of packet passing from the source to destination by a routing pattern through simplified protocols of the public data communication network. Sometimes, it is impossible to send packets from source to destination due to the communication problems caused by network elements in NoC such as routers and faulty links. In most cases, fault-tolerant algorithms select a reliable path using definite criteria. Therefore, in this paper, a reliable path is selected using a multi-criteria decision making technique through an adaptive approach according to the density status received from the adjacent nodes along with the path length so that when a failure occurs, a reliable path with similar QoS features is replaced by rating different paths among network nodes. The weight path selection strategy in NoCs to detect the minimal output port and multi-criteria decision making approach with VIKOR method has improvement over the basic routing algorithm in terms of delay and throughput. The algorithm hardware overhead has a reasonably low cost that maintains scalability for large scale On-Chip networks implementations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - Investigating the moderating effect of social capital and environmental uncertainty on entrepreneurial orientation and performance with the mediating role of innovation speed in knowledge-based small and medium enterprises of Razavi Khorasan Province
hossein balouchi Mohammadi Hosseini Seyed Ahmad ehsan mohammadi bajgiran

In today's dynamic environment, having appropriate strategies alone is not enough for organizations and they must be able to coordinate with their environment. It is small and medium companies. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in term More

In today's dynamic environment, having appropriate strategies alone is not enough for organizations and they must be able to coordinate with their environment. It is small and medium companies. This study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive and survey in terms of data collection method. A questionnaire based on standard questionnaires was used to collect data. The statistical population of the research was the managers of small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies in Khorasan Razavi province, which had more than 316 knowledge-based companies operating in Khorasan Razavi province. Based on Cochran's formula, 320 people were considered as samples and completed the questionnaire. Data analysis for both the direct relationship model and the moderator model was done using the structural equation modeling method in Lisrel software. The obtained results showed that entrepreneurial orientation has an effect on company performance and innovation speed. Also, the mediating role of innovation speed in the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance was confirmed. In addition, the results confirmed the moderating role of contingent capital and environmental uncertainty in relation to entrepreneurial orientation and company performance Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - The Impact of Inflation Uncertainty on Economic Growth in Iran
Hatef Hazeri Niri Ali Salmanpour Siamak ShokouhiFard Farzad Rahimzadeh

One of the major objectives of any economic system, achieving high and stable economic growth rates, inflation, full employment a fair distribution of income in the country. As a result, decision-making and reducing investment time horizon is shorter latest Blnd¬Mdt and More

One of the major objectives of any economic system, achieving high and stable economic growth rates, inflation, full employment a fair distribution of income in the country. As a result, decision-making and reducing investment time horizon is shorter latest Blnd¬Mdt and other factors mentioned. Inflationary uncertainty is also considered as one of the costs of inflation. Inflationary uncertainty leads to the deviation of economic decisions in the field of production. In these difficult circumstances,and the uncertainty of future decisions, decisions that affect economic agents. The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of inflation on economic growth Na¬Atmynany Iran. In this research, hypothesis testing and multivariate linear regression model VAR-GARCH-M method to analyze the data in the period 1347 to 1401 is used. In calculate the uncertainty, using modeling ARMA (Box - Jenkins) to determine the order of the action. In general, the results of this study shows the negative impact of inflation uncertainty on economic growth in the long term. Although this effect was positive in the short term, it has unusual effects on the economic components in the long term. In other words, the stability of inflationary uncertainty in the long term also increases inflation. Other results obtained from long-term relationships indicate the positive effect of money volume and exchange rate fluctuations on economic growth. Also, the result obtained from the Granger causality test also shows that the causality relationship is from inflation uncertainty to inflation, so that the opposite relationship is not significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Investigating the effect of environmental uncertainty on the performance of the Isfahan municipality by considering the moderating role of innovation and strategic orientation
Davood Gholamrezaei zohre sadat mirsafian monir habibi

The rapid growth of cities and gaining them from the municipalities and resources has made appropriate services for these organizations to a great challenge. As a result of developments, public organizations including municipalities are affected by internal and external More

The rapid growth of cities and gaining them from the municipalities and resources has made appropriate services for these organizations to a great challenge. As a result of developments, public organizations including municipalities are affected by internal and external factors, structural, cultural, economic, social and political. Therefore, unban managers as head of the city's leadership pyramid have the heavy task of creating harmory between the parts that govern the city. In study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental uncertainty on the performance of the Isfahan municipality in considering the mediating role of innovation and strategic orientation. This research is of descriptive-analytical nature in terms of type and nature, and in terms of purpose, it is a type of applied research. The information gathering method is survey type (using a questionnaire) and a hypothesis type. The model has been tested through data collection from the sample of 193 listed among the managers and directors of Isfahan municipality and using partial least squares method (PLS). Findings show the negative and significant negative effects of environmental uncertainty on municipality functions. The strategic orientation also reversed the relationship between environmental uncertainty and municipality functions, but the moderating role of innovation was not endorsed. Accordingly, some practical suggestions have been developed to be applied bay managers. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Semantic evolution and social function of the word confidence in the literary culture of the Qur'an
najmeh Rahnama falavarjani Mohammadreza Hajiesmaili mehdi motia

Semantics, which has become common in Quranic studies in recent years, has been remarkably effective in recognizing the concept of Quranic words in various methods based on the text itself. Examining the semantic components of words in text is one of the methods that ca More

Semantics, which has become common in Quranic studies in recent years, has been remarkably effective in recognizing the concept of Quranic words in various methods based on the text itself. Examining the semantic components of words in text is one of the methods that can discover new and hidden dimensions of the words to the researcher. Synonyms and antonyms and semantic components of "iṭmīnān" are among those that are studied and extracted in the present article. In this study, first, the meaning of "iṭmīnān" in pre-Islamic Arabic culture is investigated, then its semantic components in the Qur'an are examined which led to the recognition of the meaning of this word. The result of the research demonstrates that due to the harshness of Arabs, the original meaning of "iṭmīnān" is more apparent relief and tranquility, but based on its relation with words such as faith, it is semantically developed in the sense of peace of heart which highly plays a role in human spiritual education. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The Impact of Inflation Uncertainty on Economic Growth in Iran
علی سلمانپور زنوز Siamak ShokouhiFard Hatef Hazeri Niri

Ali Salmanpour Siamak ShokouhiFard Hatef Hazeri Niri Abstract One of the major objectives of any economic system, achieving high and stable economic growth rates, inflation, full employment a fair distribution of income in the country. As a result, decision More

Ali Salmanpour Siamak ShokouhiFard Hatef Hazeri Niri Abstract One of the major objectives of any economic system, achieving high and stable economic growth rates, inflation, full employment a fair distribution of income in the country. As a result, decision-making and reducing investment time horizon is shorter latest Blnd¬Mdt and other factors mentioned. Inflationary uncertainty is also considered as one of the costs of inflation. Inflationary uncertainty leads to the deviation of economic decisions in the field of production. In these difficult circumstances,and the uncertainty of future decisions, decisions that affect economic agents. The focus of this study was to investigate the effect of inflation on economic growth Na¬Atmynany Iran. In this research, hypothesis testing and multivariate linear regression model VAR-GARCH-M method to analyze the data in the period 1347 to 1401 is used. In calculate the uncertainty, using modeling ARMA (Box - Jenkins) to determine the order of the action. In general, the results of this study shows the negative impact of inflation uncertainty on economic growth in the long term. Although this effect was positive in the short term, it has unusual effects on the economic components in the long term. In other words, the stability of inflationary uncertainty in the long term also increases inflation. Other results obtained from long-term relationships indicate the positive effect of money volume and exchange rate fluctuations on economic growth. Also, the result obtained from the Granger causality test also shows that the causality relationship is from inflation uncertainty to inflation, so that the opposite relationship is not significant. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Investigating the effect of environmental uncertainty on the performance of the Isfahan municipality by considering the moderating role of innovation and strategic orientation
Davood Gholamrezaei zohre sadat mirsafian monir habibi

Davood Gholamrezaei Zohre Sadat Mirsafian Monir Habibi Abstract The rapid growth of cities and gaining them from the municipalities and resources has made appropriate services for these organizations to a great challenge. As a result of developments, publ More

Davood Gholamrezaei Zohre Sadat Mirsafian Monir Habibi Abstract The rapid growth of cities and gaining them from the municipalities and resources has made appropriate services for these organizations to a great challenge. As a result of developments, public organizations including municipalities are affected by internal and external factors, structural, cultural, economic, social and political. Therefore, unban managers as head of the city's leadership pyramid have the heavy task of creating harmory between the parts that govern the city. In study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental uncertainty on the performance of the Isfahan municipality in considering the mediating role of innovation and strategic orientation. This research is of descriptive-analytical nature in terms of type and nature, and in terms of purpose, it is a type of applied research. The information gathering method is survey type (using a questionnaire) and a hypothesis type. The model has been tested through data collection from the sample of 193 listed among the managers and directors of Isfahan municipality and using partial least squares method (PLS). Findings show the negative and significant negative effects of environmental uncertainty on municipality functions. The strategic orientation also reversed the relationship between environmental uncertainty and municipality functions, but the moderating role of innovation was not endorsed. Manuscript profile

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