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Open Access Article

1 - Examining the effect of knowledge integration capability on technological innovation and strategic performance:a case of pharmaceutical firms in Iran
nima mokhtarzadeh mahmood zamani Mohammad gashtasbi

This study addresses two objectives. First, it examines the effect of knowledge integration capability (KIC) on technological innovation capabilities (TIC), namely process innovation and product innovation, and firm’s strategic performance (SP). Second to investigate th More

This study addresses two objectives. First, it examines the effect of knowledge integration capability (KIC) on technological innovation capabilities (TIC), namely process innovation and product innovation, and firm’s strategic performance (SP). Second to investigate the mediating role of product innovation capability in process innovation capability- SP relationship. In terms of objective, the current research is applied. This study was conducted using descriptive – correlation methodology. Simple random sampling (SRS) method was employed to the selection of the samples. The study population consisted of all active pharmaceutical firms in Islamic Republic of Iran. The sample size was 86 pharmaceutical firms. Correlation analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique were employed to test of the research model and hypotheses. Data analysis showed that knowledge integration capability has a direct and significant effect on technological innovation capabilities and firm’s strategic performance. Finding also revealed that product innovation capability significantly affects the relationship between process innovation capability and firm’s strategic performance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Pharmaceutical Industry’s R&D in Developing Countries Case Study: India
Seyede Sedighe Jalalpour Faranak Nadi

10.7508/jstpi.2015.02.005

Research and Development plays a key role in creating knowledge and technology, hence planning and investment in this area is too important for countries to keep their permanency of competitive advantages. For the time beingdeveloping countries from one side, aretypical More

Research and Development plays a key role in creating knowledge and technology, hence planning and investment in this area is too important for countries to keep their permanency of competitive advantages. For the time beingdeveloping countries from one side, aretypicallyimportinghigh technologyfromdeveloped countries, and from the other sidein recent years supply of domestic healthcareneeds faced with new barriers such as high costof drugs and the emergence of new international. Consequently the situation leads to formation and enabling of domestic R&D in Pharmaceutical industry. this paper have considered the situation of Pharmaceutical industry’s R&D in developing countries and then examined the related theories, Having in mind the India’s achievements in Pharmaceutical industry through adoption and implementation of appropriate R&D policies,. India's experiences in Pharmaceutical industry especially in bio technology looked over and finally the pass through manner of India from 1947 till now is presented in a suitable framework. The framework’s features consist of types of R&D, forms of innovation (product or process) and the time with in each period. It may used as guidance for R&D activities in Pharmaceutical industry in other developing countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Eros and its Semantic Change in Proclus
Said Binayemotlagh Mohammad Javad Sabzevari

This paper initially deals with the meaning, place, and role of eros in the view of Proclus and, then, presents the changes that he created in the meaning or role of this concept by bringing it close to its rival Christian concept of ágape. Although Proclus himself neve More

This paper initially deals with the meaning, place, and role of eros in the view of Proclus and, then, presents the changes that he created in the meaning or role of this concept by bringing it close to its rival Christian concept of ágape. Although Proclus himself never acknowledged this semantic change in any of his books and believed that what he had done was in conformity with Platonic philosophy. Here, the writers demonstrate that, given his intended meaning of eros, there is no opposition between this concept and ágape, and they are, rather, consistent with each other. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Happiness and Contemplation of Beauty in Plato’s Symposium
Hamidreza Mahboobi Arani

Diotima’s speech in Plato’s Symposium is one of the most important parts of his works. The present paper exclusively examines the last of Diotima’s speech, where Plato uses some words and phrases focusing on the relationship between happiness and contemplation of beauty More

Diotima’s speech in Plato’s Symposium is one of the most important parts of his works. The present paper exclusively examines the last of Diotima’s speech, where Plato uses some words and phrases focusing on the relationship between happiness and contemplation of beauty. Diotima claims that, only when a philosopher or lover (here, in love with Sophia) reaches the peak of his love and begins his contemplation of beauty, he could attain knowledge, happiness, and true eternity, but the question is, “How could this claim be interpreted?” The purpose of the author in this paper is to attract the attention of readers to the interpretive point that Plato’s understanding of the meaning of contemplation of beauty should be perceived in the context of an ethical and political program and in relation to the practical life of a citizen rather than within a purely abstract and theoretical inferential framework. The first part of this paper explains the intended problem through an investigation of different sections of Diotima’s speech. In the second part, with particular attention to Alcibiades’ speech, the author demonstrates that, in order to learn about Plato’s understanding of this problem, one must pay particular attention to the various dimensions of this speech. Finally, he concludes the paper by presenting an interpretation of Diotima’s last words based on a general reading of Symposium and, specifically, Alcibiades’ character and words. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Identification the components of Distinguishing management using Delphi fuzzy technique
Seyyed Najmuddin Mousavi Ali shariat nejad

The present study aimed to provide distinguish management cpmponent for pharmaceutical companies using Fuzzy Delphi method. This research is a mix research with exploratory approach which in terms of quantitative and qualitative research in the field of methodology and More

The present study aimed to provide distinguish management cpmponent for pharmaceutical companies using Fuzzy Delphi method. This research is a mix research with exploratory approach which in terms of quantitative and qualitative research in the field of methodology and in terms of research philosophy includes deductive-inductive research. The statistical population of this study is all pharmacies, pharmacy companies in Lorestan province. In the qualitative section, the sample members of the research using a bullet-sampling method are selected and in the quantitative part of the research, they selected by Multi-stage cluster sampling. Since the present study is a mixed research with a quantitative and qualitative approach, both the interviewing tools and the questionnaire are used simultaneously. Regarding to analyze the research data, it should be noted that for analyzing qualitative data, the coding method and the ATLAS.TI software were used, also analysis in qualitative section with fuzzy Delphi were used. The results of the research show that the powerful knowledge chain in drug production, the use of medicinal plants, the dependence of the world's pharmaceutical companies on medicines and medicinal herbs, and the existence of a monopoly on the expertise in some of the drugs produced are most effective factors influencing for competitiveness of pharmaceutical companies. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Laparoscopic ovariectomy in dogs: a comparison of the Ligasure, Ultrasound, Bipolar, and Ligature methods
Mohammad Yasan Bangash Mir Sepehr Pedram Sanaz Banifazl Mohammad Molazem Maryam Iran Manesh Fariba Khaki Yazdan Aryazand

Introduction: Laparoscopic ovariectomy is one of the common procedures performed in adult female dogs. The objective of this study was to compare the intraoperative and postoperative effects of laparoscopic ovariectomy with four hemostasis methods including Ligasure(LS) More

Introduction: Laparoscopic ovariectomy is one of the common procedures performed in adult female dogs. The objective of this study was to compare the intraoperative and postoperative effects of laparoscopic ovariectomy with four hemostasis methods including Ligasure(LS), Ultrasound scalpel(US), Bipolar(BP) electrosurgery, and ligature(LT). Materials and Methods: 9 adult mix breed female dogs divided into four groups (LS, US, and LT(n=2); BP (n=3)). Total operation time(TT), Total hemostasis time(HT), presence of hemorrhage was recorded during surgery. In the 7th day objects euthanized to investigate abdominal cavity for gross pathologic changes such as presence of adhesion, and histopathological changes due to thermal damage in organs adjacent to anatomic region of ovaries such as uterine horns. Results: Both TT and HT significantly reduced in LS and US groups in comparison with BP group (P<0.05). TT and HT in LT group were significantly more than BP group. Minimum adhesion score were detected in LS and US groups (no significant difference) which were significantly lesser than BP group (P<0.05). In LT group granuloma around suture material were detected. Thermal damage on uterine horn were significantly higher in BP and LS groups (no significant difference) than US and LT(with no thermal injury) groups (p<0.05). Discussion and Conclusion: Application of easy, fast, safe method of hemostasis with minimal thermal damage and postoperative complications is mandatory in laparoscopic ovariectomy. Use of Ultrasonic scalpel in comparision with other methods was fast, and the most applicable with minimum thermal injury and postoperative complications in laparoscopic ovariectomy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Recent Advanced in Minimally Invasive Surgery; A Review on New Procedures and Instruments
Mahdieh Katebian Mir Sepehr Pedram Mohammad Yasan Bangash mahbobeh abdi

Minimally invasive surgeries are one of the most important revolutions in the history of surgery. recently, different methods of this type of surgery are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. With recent advances in minimally invasive surgery, a variety of su More

Minimally invasive surgeries are one of the most important revolutions in the history of surgery. recently, different methods of this type of surgery are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. With recent advances in minimally invasive surgery, a variety of surgical methods have been introduced. Laparoscopic gallbladder resection is the most common type of minimally invasive surgery and many other surgeries have been introduced in the same way. This article introduces new methods in minimally invasive surgery. The further use of this type of surgery depends entirely on the development of new technologies in this field. The success of surgical procedures in the treatment of diseases is always measured by the amount of pain and trauma that the surgical method inflicts on the patient. Reducing these two factors has led to the progression and change surgical methods with minimal invasions in general and laparoscopic surgeries particularly in the last century. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Evaluation of effects of different cannulas and the initial incision size, on skin and underlying tissues in laparoscopic procedures in dog model.
Mahdieh Katebian Mohamad Hejazi roja ebrahimi jalal rezaie hossein marjanmehr hossein asheq farnaz mahmoodzadegan hesam adin akbarein

Objective- While many of studies have evaluated effects of trocar on incision characteristics non has taken the design of the cannula into consideration. This study was conducted to figure out the type of cannula design which is associated with a better healing at the i More

Objective- While many of studies have evaluated effects of trocar on incision characteristics non has taken the design of the cannula into consideration. This study was conducted to figure out the type of cannula design which is associated with a better healing at the insertion site, and to investigate if the size of incision in the port site has an effect on the healing process. Procedure-6 trocars were inserted in each dog. five animals were used, allowing the total number of 10 insertions for 7 mm incisions and threaded cannula (group A), 10 insertions for 10 mm incision and threaded cannula (group B) and 10 for 10 mm incision and smooth cannula (Group C), which constituted 3 groups of study. Results-Macroscopic and Histopathology comparison between group A and group B revealed significantly higher degenerative changes and necrosis in the dermal and muscle layer and a higher loss of the peritoneal lining in group A than B. Hemorrhage in the dermal layer of the skin and acute inflammatory reaction was significantly higher in group B compared with C . Conclusions - This study showed that a smaller incision than the trocar’s external diameter has destructive effects on the tissues. Moreover, using a trocar with a threaded cannula can have harmful effects on the surrounding tissues and it is considered more destructive than a smooth cannula. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Relationships Among Eros, Techne, and Philosophy in Plato’s Symposium and Phaedrus (With a Critical Emphasis on the Views of Vlastos and Nussbaum)
Javid Kazemi Seyyed Mohammad Hakak Ali Naqi Baqershahi Mohammad Raayat Jahromi

Eros, the Greek god of love, in addition to its different meanings in the pre-Socratic mythological and philosophical history, has been used in Plato’s philosophy in different senses. This diversity has misled its interpreters in translating it into erroneous meanings s More

Eros, the Greek god of love, in addition to its different meanings in the pre-Socratic mythological and philosophical history, has been used in Plato’s philosophy in different senses. This diversity has misled its interpreters in translating it into erroneous meanings such as love. The present paper examines the meaning of eros in Plato’s two Dialogs of Symposium and Phaedrus and then explores its relationship with philosophy and techne. In the dialog of Symposium, after being used in some different meanings, Eros is used in the sense of the longing and desire for observing absolute beauty, which is the same philosophy. This is because in Plato’s philosophy, the difference between the Idea of the good (philosophy is a motive for viewing it) and the Idea of beauty is mentally-posited. In other words, the Ideas of the good and absolute beauty are the same truth that is viewed from two points of view. Now that dialectics – an activity in which multiple details are recognized from the one and the one from multiple details – is introduced in the dialog of Phaedrus as an instrument of techne, it can be concluded that the Platonic lover, and the philosopher cannot perceive the Idea of beauty (or the good) unless through techne. The major problems in this paper are discussed based on the views of two interpreters of Plato, Gregory Velastos and Martha Nussbaum. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Examining the frequency of some ethical and legal challenges in the pharmacies of Rasht in 1400
seyyedeh kausar Mousavi Nesab Mohammad Taghi Ashubi Sohail Soltanipur zahra hesary Kourosh delpasand

The word ethics can be defined as the knowledge of good and evil. A person knows good and evil and, in simpler terms, good and bad .This is why ethics and moral dilemmas have always been one of the concerns of human societies. Pharmacists are one of the important and co More

The word ethics can be defined as the knowledge of good and evil. A person knows good and evil and, in simpler terms, good and bad .This is why ethics and moral dilemmas have always been one of the concerns of human societies. Pharmacists are one of the important and complementary links in the health system in the treatment of patients and they play an important and undeniable role in improving the health status of people in the society. Pharmacists working in pharmacies due to the commercial nature of pharmacies, having health resources and their distribution and because they are always available to patients, they experience many challenges and moral dilemmas daily, in this research, we have examined some of these challenges. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the spring of 1400 on 151 pharmacists working in Rasht pharmacies. The data collection tool is a two-part questionnaire including the first part: Collect demographic information of participants, And the second part: There were 13 ethical challenges. After collecting the information contained in the questionnaires, the data was analyzed using SPSS 22 software. The results of this research show that some ethical and legal challenges, including the financial inability of patients to pay for vital drugs, request for drugs outside the pharmacopoeia, Prescriptions containing drugs outside the pharmacopoeia, Allocation of essential drugs to a specific pharmacy, returning unused non-refrigerated medicine to the pharmacy, Prescribing a supplement by a doctor for a patient whose disease is not related to this product. Forced to cooperate with a non-pharmacist to establish a pharmacy. The request for abortion medicine and changing the brand of the prescribed medicine by the pharmacist was reported with a percentage of over 60% among the pharmacists working in Rasht pharmacies. In the last century, we have seen a significant growth of ethical issues in measuring health care. Therefore, pharmacists need to be more familiar with ethical issues, implement the best solutions and make ethical decisions in critical and necessary situations. Pharmacists' awareness of their moral and legal responsibilities will empower these health professionals and improve the services provided to patients and other service recipients in the pharmacy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Plato’s Symposium and its Background
Hamidreza Mahboobi Arani

<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roma More

<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;">Plato’s Symposium is an unparalleled philosophical-literary masterpiece, which demands a serious approach to rereading it because of its quality of expression, linguistic style, powerful narration and reasoning, and synthesis of mythology and philosophy, as well as dealing with certain important subjects such as love, immortality, and eternal happiness. The present paper aims to explore and elucidate some of the historical, cultural and social backgrounds of Symposium because any negligence in this regard will render the analysis of its content incomplete and inaccurate. In this study, the author initially deals with the tradition of symposium in ancient Greece, its formation, and the cultural changes it underwent over time. Then he investigates Plato’s approach in his other works as to the nature of symposium and his re-evaluation and re-formulation of this concept. This analysis reveals Plato’s extent of loyalty to his own criticisms of this tradition in the dialog of Symposium and provides a model for future symposia. Finally, reference is made to one of the most important themes in symposia, Eros, which plays the main role in symposia and functions as the link connecting other philosophical concepts in this dialog. In this section, while avoiding to delve into Plato’s extensive and accurate discussions regarding Eros in Symposium, the author has tried to describe the cultural and social context of Eros as perceived by Plato. Manuscript profile

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