phenomenology

Open Access Article

1 - A Phenomenological Analysis of the Approach Towards “God” in the Second and Third Rounds of kashf al-Asrar
Nayere Pakmehr

Identical phenomena appear differently to different people, and this is according to the difference in phenomenological attitudes each person adopts to look through the same thing. Phenomenologists believe that the things identified do not reveal anything by themselves, More

Identical phenomena appear differently to different people, and this is according to the difference in phenomenological attitudes each person adopts to look through the same thing. Phenomenologists believe that the things identified do not reveal anything by themselves, but these are the humans who can understand things by looking through them and entering the soul of the world. Kant also said that we do not understand things as what they really are, but as what they appear to us. Our relationship with the world is not with the world as it really is, but with the world which is appeared to us. The author of Kashf al-Asrār who has a religious and a mystical approach towards the phenomena in Quran Verses, has been unconsciously influenced by the accepted worldviews (Weltanschauung) in each one of these two domain of thought, and in fact, by accepting the perspective of these religious or mystical approaches, the verses and the phenomena reflected in them are analyzed and interpreted according to these viewpoints. An example of these dual approaches is clearly visible in author’s attitude towards “God”. Therefore, this article aims at analyzing the author’s dual approach towards God, and the world views compatible with each domain of thought (religious and mystical) regarding this phenomenon in this work, by reviewing Maybudi’s discursive formations in the religious and mystical accounts in Kashf al-Asrār. A descriptive-analytical approach has been adopted in this research, and the results show that “Maybudi” applies different discursive formations in order to represent the things to be identified in accordance with the context of each discourse. Manuscript profile

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2 - Phenomenological Interpretation of the Sacred Place in Iranian-Islamic Cities based on Presence of The Classical Elements (Case Study: Shrine of Shah Nematollah Vali)
Somaye Talaei ali akbari mahdi hamzenejad

One of the most crucial issues encountering researchers in the field of Iranian-Islamic architecture and urban planning with the aim of preserving and perpetuating cultural values in the present era is the issue of overcoming formal and physical descriptions and gaining More

One of the most crucial issues encountering researchers in the field of Iranian-Islamic architecture and urban planning with the aim of preserving and perpetuating cultural values in the present era is the issue of overcoming formal and physical descriptions and gaining a deep understanding of the nature and essence of the buildings. Since every building is a form of embodiment of ideas and worldviews of its builders and is additionally a metaphor of their existence in the world, a correct understanding of the building can enable the reproduction of historical identity in the present era. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of the tomb of Shah Nematollah Vali based on these assumptions that the ontological implications of the elements can be explained as meaningful signs of the structure of their interrelationship. In the present study, the philosophical foundation of research is interpretivism; the research approach is qualitative, and the analysis method is phenomenological. In analyzing the experience of space and the relationship between the building and the city, the following three assumptions were examined: 1. the hierarchy of spatial relations from the urban space to the dome creates a sense of spirituality in individuals. 2. The presence of four Classic Elements in successive spaces affects users' perception of space as a sacred one. 3. The presence of four Classic Elements as meaningful signs in the space increases the sense of place in pilgrims. To examine the above assumptions by analyzing the lived experience of people in the building, a questionnaire with 20 questions was prepared and distributed among 85 pilgrims and specialists. Data analysis shows that the manner and extent of the presence of four Classic Elements in consecutive scenes of the shrine of Shah Nematollah Vali, has a significant relationship with the perception of mystical meanings and spiritual journeys in the minds of the people and leads them to experience a different perceptual quality in each courtyard. And be more prepared to reach the shrine and pilgrimage at any moment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Moral Judgment based on situation exceptionalization: A Phenomenological Investigation of Research Ethics

This paper is targeted at Shiraz university doctoral students’ understanding of research ethics using phenomenology as its research strategy. Eight students participated in this research by deep interview. Using interpretative phenomenology, as the first step, we identi More

This paper is targeted at Shiraz university doctoral students’ understanding of research ethics using phenomenology as its research strategy. Eight students participated in this research by deep interview. Using interpretative phenomenology, as the first step, we identified seven sub-themes through an inductive analysis of the data. Then, these sub-themes were conceptualized and categorized to generate themes that could describe how students understand ethical conditions in research. The two themes generated—‘‘Rethinking about concepts,’’ and ‘‘Enlightening diversity of situations’’—delineate “situation exceptionalization” for students, as the pivotal lived experience of the participants in which their encounters with various ethical dilemmas determine their moral judgment. As such, they single out their desired interpretation from diversity of situations so as to manage contradictions Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The meaning of existence and existence with Husserl's phenomenology and Transcendental wisdom
Seyed Mohammad Amin Madaen Ali Haghi Abbas Javarshakiyan

In this essay, we will first consider the proofs of the authenticity of the existence of Sadr al-Muta'līn, based on the principle of authenticity, in order to make clear to us the clear meaning of the existence and nature of this great Islamic wise. Let's take a look at More

In this essay, we will first consider the proofs of the authenticity of the existence of Sadr al-Muta'līn, based on the principle of authenticity, in order to make clear to us the clear meaning of the existence and nature of this great Islamic wise. Let's take a look at Husserl's phenomenology. So, first, we will discuss Husserl's meaning of nature. In order to clarify the meaning of Husserl's term of nature to the mind, we will discover the nature of the discovery by the subject or transcendental nature. And finally, let's talk about what factors play a role in building a Husserl-style structure. In the third and final part of this article, we will compare the meaning of the term "nature", and we will judge in this regard, which, according to the meaning of nature, the originality of nature to Husserl, is it the same thing that is rejected by Mulla Sadra? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Phenomenology of customers’ hope for banking services in Keshavarzi Bank with an approach involving ethics, innovation and quality management system
asghar ahmadi farshid namamian Ali Asghari Sarem Tohfeh Ghobadi Lamouki

As strategic partners of businesses, customers have played an undeniable role in business growth and development; having a comprehensive knowledge of customers from different dimensions has always been emphasized. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of customer’s hope has been ne More

As strategic partners of businesses, customers have played an undeniable role in business growth and development; having a comprehensive knowledge of customers from different dimensions has always been emphasized. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of customer’s hope has been neglected in theoretical issues and specifically in the banking industry as an important principle in maintaining a continued relationship with customers. Moreover, from the perspective of correct and accurate understanding of its meanings, its concepts and hidden conceptual layers have been commonly overlooked. Thus. the present study aims to describe the lived experience of customers’ hope in to the services provided by Keshavarzi Bank in order to identify the dimensions and components of customers’ hope and then to present a conceptual model and structure of the study. In terms of purpose, this present study is an applied one, and from the perspective of approach, it is an exploratory one. In terms of type of research, it is an exploratory mixed one. In the first and qualitative phase, a purposeful selection and in-depth interviews were conducted with 9 bank customers with Sidman’s method and applying a phenomenological approach. The results were analyzed with a Colaizzi’s method. The results of the analysis confirm the emergence of the structure of customer’s hope in three general categories, including hope derived from ethics in the Keshavarzi Bank, hope derived from the service quality management system, and finally “hope derived from innovation and customer-orientedness”. Also, the three mentioned categories had a total of 6 concepts and twenty propositions, resulting from summarizing and modifying the initial 87 propositions. In the quantitative section, in order to investigate the originality of the structure, customer’s hope was measured based on the findings of applying and implementing a phenomenological strategy in the form of a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 24 items. The questionnaire was designed, distributed and completed among 400 customers of Keshavarzi Bank. The results were analyzed by using SPSS, Lisrel and Smart pls. The results of the study in this section confirm the structure of customer hope in the form of a conceptual model extracted from the first section. Therefore, in the banking industry, by focusing and paying attention to the structure of the phenomenon of customer hope as the main themes and related concepts and propositions, appropriate measures and approaches can be adopted to create and manage sustainable customer relations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Phenomenological Analysis of Students’ Perception of Teacher’s Effective Features and Actions in Teacher-Student Relationship
Narjes Lari Elahe Hejazi Bahram Joukar Javad Ejei

This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of the characteristics and actions of elementary school teachers that affects student teacher relationship. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to achieve deep description of these characteristics. Semi-struc More

This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of the characteristics and actions of elementary school teachers that affects student teacher relationship. A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to achieve deep description of these characteristics. Semi-structured interviews, in oral and written format, were conducted with 99 primary school students studying in second to sixth grade (66 girls and 33 boys) who were selected from elementary schools in Shiraz. According to the findings of this study, autonomy support against control, competence, mastery goal support, care, engagement, mutual trust, and support for the class structure are the main themes of the teacher characteristics and functions that affect student teacher relationship. Implication of the findings in interventional plans for teacher-student interaction improvement is discussed in the end. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Phenomenological study of sedative agents in students of Shahid Bahonar University
مژده علیزاده

The present study was conducted with the aim of "phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University". Method: This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bah More

The present study was conducted with the aim of "phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University". Method: This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were selected by volunteer-targeted sampling method and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Interview analysis was performed using the clustering method. Findings suggest that relaxing factors can be included in the four main themes of interpersonal factors, intrapersonal factors, spiritual factors and environmental factors with 9 sub-themes, according to the lived experiences of students.Also, the factors of deprivation of peace can be included in the four main themes of reducing the morality of citizenship, disturbing thoughts, feelings of rejection and feelings of insecurity with 5 sub-themes. Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that family and spirituality have the most fundamental role in increasing students 'relaxation, and on the other hand, reducing the morality of citizenship and the presence of annoying thoughts in students' minds are the most important factors in deprivation. However, other factors are also important in these two areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University
مژده علیزاده Morad YariDehnavi

The aim of this study was "Phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University". This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were More

The aim of this study was "Phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University". This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were selected through voluntary-purpose sampling method and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Interviews were analyzed using the colaizzi method. Findings indicate that relaxing factors according to students' lived experiences can be divided into four main themes: interpersonal factors, intrapersonal factors, spiritual factors and environmental factors with 9 sub-themes Depressing factors can also be placed in the four main themes of reducing citizenship ethics, annoying thoughts, feelings of rejection and feelings of insecurity with 5 sub-themes. The results indicate that family and spirituality have the most fundamental role in increasing the comfort of students, and on the other hand, the reduction of citizenship ethics and the presence of annoying thoughts in the minds of students are the most important factors in depressing. However, other factors are also important in these two areas Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Identifying role of school in constructing the student’s moral identity
hamideh poorteimoori Mansoureh Haj Hosseini Mohammad Khodayarifard

The present study has been carried out at the aim of investigation of the share of education and school in constructing the student’s moral identity. The qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was utilized to perform the research. The participants were 15 f More

The present study has been carried out at the aim of investigation of the share of education and school in constructing the student’s moral identity. The qualitative method with a phenomenological approach was utilized to perform the research. The participants were 15 female students with the age of 15 to 17 years that were selected with a targeted method based on the principle of saturation or repetition of answers. The tool for data gathering in the present research was the semi-structured qualitative interview with open-ended and standardized questions and the data were analyzed and classified according to Strauss and Glaser's approach. Due to the results, in the family aspect, the parents’ characteristics and their educative methods are effective factors on constructing the moral identity, interplays, and influence of students from the school. In school aspect, the awareness and obligation of laws, the amount and how to encouragement and punishment, the interplay with classmates, the teaching method and personality of teachers, the interplay with school staff, the amount and type of the extracurricular activities, school environment, and also the content of educational books exhibits a significant effect on the constructing the moral identity of the students. Likewise, it can be obtained from the results that in the school aspect, the personality and behavior of teachers, their moral identity, and their obligation to the moral teaching have an indelible effect on the moral identity of the students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Features of Emerging Adulthood Developmental Stage in Iranian University Students: Culture and Gender
Mohamad-Ali Naghizade Narjes Lari Elahe Hejazi Keyvan Salehi

The purpose of this study was to identify the features of emerging adulthood developmental stage (from 18 to 29 years old) in Iranian university students and investigate the role of gender in perception of these features. By employing criterion sampling, 15 persons (M=2 More

The purpose of this study was to identify the features of emerging adulthood developmental stage (from 18 to 29 years old) in Iranian university students and investigate the role of gender in perception of these features. By employing criterion sampling, 15 persons (M=23.26, 8 males and 7 females) were selected from 18-29-year-old university students/graduates who were living in Tehran in 2017. All participants were subjected to a semi-structured interview. Analyzing the data by employing the phenomenological method and Colaizzi’s seven-step strategy indicated seven features, including Agency formation, Identity formation, Confusion, Optimism, Feeling in-between, Instability, and the need for intimacy. Results also showed that there were some differences between males and females in Agency formation, Confusion, Instability, and the need for intimacy. The results of this study emphasize the need to review the knowledge of the young age period in Iranian culture and provides hints in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Phenomenological Study of Sedative Factors in Students University
Mozhdeh Alizade Morad YariDehnavi

The aim of this study was “Phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University”. This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were More

The aim of this study was “Phenomenological study of sedative factors in students of Shahid Bahonar University”. This research is in the framework of qualitative and phenomenological research method. Based on this, 14 students of Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman were selected through voluntary-purpose sampling method and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. Interviews were analyzed using the colaizzi method. Findings indicate that relaxing factors according to students’ lived experiences can be divided into four main themes: interpersonal factors, intrapersonal factors, spiritual factors and environmental factors with 9 sub-themes Depressing factors can also be placed in the four main themes of reducing citizenship ethics, annoying thoughts, feelings of rejection and feelings of insecurity with 5 sub-themes. The results indicate that family and spirituality have the most fundamental role in increasing the comfort of students, and on the other hand, the reduction of citizenship ethics and the presence of annoying thoughts in the minds of students are the most important factors in depressing. However, other factors are also important in these two areas. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Phenomenology of Organizational Training: the lived Experience of Staff in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
رقیه فاضل

The purpose of this Phenomenological study was to understand the lived experience of staff in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad from training organization. Qualitative findings through deep interview with 9-target participation Showed that they comprehend the education as More

The purpose of this Phenomenological study was to understand the lived experience of staff in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad from training organization. Qualitative findings through deep interview with 9-target participation Showed that they comprehend the education as a human right and the phenomenon intertwined with other aspects of human resources management. In addition to professional training, moral and personal training make them satisfied finally, in this research an exploratory model was extracted from organizational education in University of Mashhad. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of e-learning courses in human resource education of the National Iranian Gas Company
Marziyeh Dehghani Farzane Tari

The purpose of this study is to investigate Strengths and Weaknesses of E-Learning courses in human resources education of Iranian National Gas Company based on the systemic model of Hao and Borich. Parallel to this aim, a qualitative research design of the phenomenol More

The purpose of this study is to investigate Strengths and Weaknesses of E-Learning courses in human resources education of Iranian National Gas Company based on the systemic model of Hao and Borich. Parallel to this aim, a qualitative research design of the phenomenological type was selected. The statistical society of this research includes the managers and technicians of the headquarter section of the Iranian National Gas Company, out of which 10 people were selected by purposeful sampling. Then, the researcher attempted to collect data through semi-structured interviews to reach theoretical saturation. The data were then analyzed by the Collaizi’s seven-step method. Deep analysis of the interviews revealed 23 related categories and 86 sub-categories. Based on the findings of the study, the strengths of administering electronic education in the Iranian National Gas Company include learners’ satisfactionnd willingness, scientific expertise of professors, the support from organization’s managers, production of high-quality context, compiling a comprehensive collection of exam questions, having a good method of administration and good design of virtual exam administration processes. As for the weak points, the resulted items included unpreparedness and insufficient expertise of professors, weakness of network connections, incomprehensive outlook in compilation of purposes, domination of lecturing method in teaching of virtual courses, and untrustworthiness of the precision of virtual exams. In the end, reevaluation and provision of appropriate mechanisms to mitigate the effects of potential threats and promote positive situations is emphasized and a few applicable recommendations have been provided. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A Reflection on the Critical Themes about Hegelian Education with Regard to Phenomenology of Spirit
khosrow Bagheri Meysam Sefidhkhosh

The aim of this study is to review the critical themes on Hegelian education based on the concept of education in Hegelian Phenomenology. For this purpose, this research has reviewed the critiques of Hegelian education by Conceptual Analysis method. "Normative education More

The aim of this study is to review the critical themes on Hegelian education based on the concept of education in Hegelian Phenomenology. For this purpose, this research has reviewed the critiques of Hegelian education by Conceptual Analysis method. "Normative education with emphasis on both teaching and learning poles" and "Rejecting the absolute freedom in education", are among the strengths reviewed. Education in Hegel's Phenomenology is based on the interaction of two poles of teaching and learning in order to achieve the desirable educational aims. Therefore the absolute/ negative freedom of individuals for respect to norms and educational values gives its place to positive freedom. "Totalitarianism in education" and "Ambiguity on freedom in childhood education", are two weaknesses in Hegel's education that have critically been reviewed. With this interpretation that totalitarianism in education does not only mean ignoring the other, but also the wisdom in Hegel is intertwined with the idea of the other and it develops by this interaction with others. However, the concept of freedom in childhood for recognizing the totality of the wisdom requires a reconstructive interpretation of Hegelian education. Manuscript profile

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15 - Phenomenology of illness: An approach in the education of children with chronic illness
zahra asgari mohammahd hosein heidari Ramazan Barkhordari

Children with chronic illnesses have special educational needs, certain aspects of which are overlooked under the existing objective naturalistic and normative philosophical approaches. This study aims to propose the phenomenology of illness as an alternative approach t More

Children with chronic illnesses have special educational needs, certain aspects of which are overlooked under the existing objective naturalistic and normative philosophical approaches. This study aims to propose the phenomenology of illness as an alternative approach to improve the education of children with chronic illness. The present study is based on two methodological approaches, phenomenological and inferential. In this way, first, the educational challenges of children with chronic diseases are phenomenologically described according to their views concerning themselves, their existence, and others. Then by extracting the phenomenological themes of intentionality, temporality, and embodiment, the phenomenology of the diseases is inferred as a way to better understand the special education of these children. By recognizing the affected child as the embodied subject, the phenomenology of illness reconstructs the meaning of the illness and introduces a perspective under which the chronic illness becomes a suitable platform for individuals' development and prosperity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The goals of Intellectual education based on Hegel's phenomenology stages of consciousness development
Reza Ali Nowrozi fahimeh hajiyani

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of intellect in Hegel's phenomenological approach to infer the goals of intellectual education from his viewpoint. The present study is descriptive research, and the research method is Frankenna's practical analog More

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of intellect in Hegel's phenomenological approach to infer the goals of intellectual education from his viewpoint. The present study is descriptive research, and the research method is Frankenna's practical analogy. This study considers intellect to be divided into the hierarchal stages of "observant intellect," "active intellect," "practical intellect," and "absolute intellect," respectively, in terms of development and evolution. Results of the present study indicate that intellectual education at the stage of "observant intellect" includes the use of the "quality," "quantity," and "size" in the stage of "sensory certitude," "contemplation reflection" in the stage of "comprehension," and "good work idea" in the stage of "mental consciousness." Besides, the goals on intellectual education at the stage of "active intellect" include respect for the person as a goal in essence, and respect for the rights of others. The goals behind intellectual education at the "practical intellect" stage include the use of wise "purpose," "intention," and "aim" to achieve "moral consciousness critique" and the formation of "moral attitude" in the individual. The goals of intellectual education at the stage of "absolute intellect" include the use of religious arts to perceive the "absolute essence". Manuscript profile

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17 - An Exploration of the Lived Experiences of Childbearing of the Couples and the Factors Affecting them in Lorestan Province
gholamreza Tajbakhsg

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An Exploration of the Lived Experiences of Childbearing of the Couples and the Factors Affecting them in Lorestan Province       Gholamreza Tajbakhsh<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>       Introduction   Fertility as a social reality is influenced by environmental, social, political, economic, and cultural factors at the macro level. At the micro level, it is affected by the thoughts, motivations, and tendencies of people. Fundamental changes have been made in the structure and characteristics of the Iranian family in various dimensions. The decrease in fertility levels, the transition from extended families to nuclear families, and the resulting decrease in the number of children have been significant experiences for Iranian families. This change is tangible, as the fertility rate of the whole country has dropped from 2.07 in 2016 to 1.6 in 2022, which can be considered as under replacement fertility level. Currently, most provinces of the country, including Lorestan province, have low fertility rates below the replacement level (Statistical Yearbook of the Civil Registration Organization, 2023: 115).   According to the latest statistics from the National Statistics Center of Iran, the population of Lorestan province is 1,805,215 people. In Lorestan province, 8% of the population are children, 21% are teenagers, 17.5% are young people, 43% are middle-aged people, and 10.5% are elderly. Accordingly, 8% of the population of children cannot replace 10.5% of the province's elderly. In the next thirty years, more than 43% of the province's population will be elderly and not productive, leading to an aging province. In 2022, 15,211 marriages were recorded in Lorestan, which decreased to 14,612 last years. Additionally, in 2021, 4,215 cases of divorce were recorded in the province, and this figure decreased to 3,963, a seven percent decline last year (Iran Statistics Center, 2023).   Considering the above statistics and the trend of decreasing young population and increasing aging in this province, it is very necessary to address an important issue such as population rejuvenation. The population can affect the micro and macro structures of this province and society at both the individual and social levels. The lively presence of the young generation in this province can contribute to the dynamism and growth of its development through proper macro-cultural planning.   There are a few studies on the issue in Lorestan province, and due to the decrease in childbearing in this province, it is necessary to address this important issue. Therefore, the main objective of the current research is the sociological investigation of the tendency to have children and factors related to it in Lorestan province. According to the nature of the research problem and the mentioned goals, some basic questions will be investigated in this research. The questions of this research are as follows:   1. What factors affect the issue of childbearing in Lorestan province families?   2. What are the views of couples on the issue of having children and the challenges ahead?   3. What solutions can be offered to increase childbearing in Lorestan province?       Methodology   According to the nature of the research problem, a qualitative method was used to examine the issue, focusing on the study of childbearing contexts. A "semi structured interview" was employed for this method. The criteria for participation were limited to couples who were married and had started their life together; some had children, while others yet not had children. Samples were found in various public spaces, such as parks and recreational places, mosques, sports facilities, stores, and sanitary centers. Each interview lasted approximately 60 minutes.   The statistical population of this research included couples living in the cities of Lorestan province who were interviewed. In this qualitative method, sampling was purposeful and theoretical. According to object, sampling being continued until "theoretical saturation." Based on theoretical saturation, 31 married people were interviewed.   "Thematic" analysis and "coding" techniques were used to analyze the findings from the interviews. The findings were identified in three main categories. The first category refers to the semantic units that the interviewees discussed concretely and with examples. The second category is common themes, a more complex level than the first, where the related codes are presented in a specific and meaningful category. Finally, the main themes related to each category refer to the primary and fundamental factors affecting the category under investigation in the research.       Findings   The findings of the research, classified in eleven main themes: ideal familism, psychological and individual factors, cultural, social, economic, and political changes, attitudes and beliefs, sexual and family issues, inter-spousal relations, and epistemological perspectives on life. A healthy social, economic, and cultural condition, along with creating a sense of satisfaction and security in society, significantly affects couples' desire to have children. It is important to note that the selected subjects come from different social classes, have varying levels of education, and hold different views on the issue of having children. The married life of these couples is mostly more than five years, and the number of their children is fewer than two.       Conclusion   The current research sought to investigate the tendency to have children in Lorestan province and identify the factors affecting it. To better explain the research problem and examine the lived experiences of couples in the field of childbearing, a qualitative method was applied to capture their genuine experiences on this issue. The results of this research showed that various factors, such as economic, political, cultural, social, sexual, epistemic, inter-marital, and family relations, influence couples' views on having children. Undoubtedly, childbearing is a pressing issue in Iranian society and is a focal point of the current government's policies. Lorestan province is also among the regions affected by these policies. Given that Iranian society and the country's population are generally moving towards old age, it is crucial to address this issue. However, the platforms supporting childbearing should also be seriously included in the officials' agenda. It should not be forgotten that Lorestan province is one of the five most deprived provinces in the country and requires more attention in various cultural, political, and economic fields.   As the results of this research showed, significant and deeply rooted factors influence couples' desire to have children in Lorestan province. Cultural, economic, political, medical, and social conditions, among others, should receive more attention from both the public and officials. Additionally, due to Lorestan province's economic and political situation within the country, it should be noted that in order to succeed population policies, there must be a fundamental review and written planning to address economic, cultural, political, and health infrastructures. Without this, even with an increase in population and couples' desire to have children, the problems will not be solved. In a political perspective of several years, the situation in this province could become critical due to its disadvantaged position.   <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Associate Professor, Department of Sociology, Ayatollah Aozama <a name="_Hlk175655012"></a>Boroujerdi University, Boroujerd, Iran.  tajbakhsh@abru.ac.ir </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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