imagination

Open Access Article

1 - Music and Imagination in Pejman Bakhtyari’s Poem
مريم‌ مشرف

Housein Pejman Bakhtyari (1297-1353) one of the romantic poets has composed with regards to aesthetics models of Iranian ancient poem. According to our knowledge, old poem with its various forms sustained after contemporary modernisms, and dedicated almost prominent poe More

Housein Pejman Bakhtyari (1297-1353) one of the romantic poets has composed with regards to aesthetics models of Iranian ancient poem. According to our knowledge, old poem with its various forms sustained after contemporary modernisms, and dedicated almost prominent poets to contemporary culture and art. Pejman Bakhtyari, is of the same grade poets like Radi Azarakhshi, Rahi Moayeri, Amiri firozkoohi, vahid Dastjerdy and Forouzanfar. He is one of contemporary poets whose poems have not been investigated in detail up to now. This essay explains and analyses music and imagination in his poems and concludes that among main factor of poem, (eg, language, music and imagination), music is salient in his works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Another Approach to Music of Poem and its Relation to Subject, Imagination and Poetical Feelings
Parand Fayaz Manesh

Music is a component of poem and its constituent. Music highlights the speech and differentiates poem from prose. This article addresses this aspects of poem and connection between song of speech and other elements. To this end, firstly we define music and its sorts in More

Music is a component of poem and its constituent. Music highlights the speech and differentiates poem from prose. This article addresses this aspects of poem and connection between song of speech and other elements. To this end, firstly we define music and its sorts in Persian poem, then the connection between music of poem and subject, imagination and feelings. This study shows that music of poem along side four division by Persian literary men, divides to three categories: external music (prosodic aspect of poem) side music (special song of harmony between ending words of half. Vers “Row and rhyme”) and medial music (different harmonies resulting from rhetorical communications and meaning relevances). But poem is an account of society, principles, faith, and poet’s thoughts; and music of poem is his/her language of heart and his/her feelings. Different styles of poetical music – that is, rhythm, rhyme and raw and words and vocable - are elements which transfer meaning, feeling and imagination of poet to audience and musical variety, in this regard, is an important factor in inducing subject and poetical feelings to others. Maintaining harmony and relations between poetry music and other elements, poet attempts to approach to main purpose of poem, that is, impressing notions and internal contains of poem. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Template, image maker in vahshi bafghi poem
ayat shokati alireza tayogh

The image, if not the basis of the poem, is one of the main elements of its construction; the poets, by creating their poetic images, as well as displaying their imagination, reveal individual tendencies and their personal and periodic style. The study titled "The Simil More

The image, if not the basis of the poem, is one of the main elements of its construction; the poets, by creating their poetic images, as well as displaying their imagination, reveal individual tendencies and their personal and periodic style. The study titled "The Simile, the Image Format in vahshi bafghi poem, examines the poet's sonnets in terms of the quantity and quality of the images, and, using stylistic considerations, makes it clear that the poet picks up his image. In his sonnets, he seems to have used the analogy to almost metaphor according to his tendency to simplify. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Kalami, Philosophical, and Gnostic Approaches to the Hadith of ‘Ama
Mahdi Zamani

It has been narrated in a famous hadith from the Holy Prophet (s) that, before the creation of people, God was in “‘ama” (cloud). There have been several different and contradictory ideas concerning the content of this hadith. Muslim mutikallimun, gnostics, philosophers More

It has been narrated in a famous hadith from the Holy Prophet (s) that, before the creation of people, God was in “‘ama” (cloud). There have been several different and contradictory ideas concerning the content of this hadith. Muslim mutikallimun, gnostics, philosophers, and interpreters have studied this hadith based on their own principles and have benefitted from it in their own philosophical system. Mutikallimun have interpreted it based on their tanzihi (transcendent) and tashbihi (comparative) views and either confirmed or rejected it. Some Muslim gnostics assume that “‘ama” refers to God’s henas, and others believe that it represents the station of monas. They have matched this term with “merciful breath”, “truth of the creature”, “absolute imagination, and “substance of the world” and have granted it a sublime place. In his Transcendent Philosophy, Mulla Sadra equates ‘ama with “unfolded being”, “unity of bringing together” and “truth of truths” and, through the interpretation of hadith, reaches some conclusions about the dominance of divine existence over all places and times and attempts to reconcile tanzih with tashbih. Manuscript profile

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5 - Genealogy and Identity of the World of Suspended Ideas in Illuminationist Philosophy
Seyyed Mohammadali Dibaji

The theory of suspended ideas is one of Suhrawardī’s most important philosophical innovations. Several challenging queries have been ventured regarding this theory; for example, questions have been raised about the identity of this world in the hierarchy of the realms o More

The theory of suspended ideas is one of Suhrawardī’s most important philosophical innovations. Several challenging queries have been ventured regarding this theory; for example, questions have been raised about the identity of this world in the hierarchy of the realms of being. This question, in its Illuminationist sense, has been posed as follows: Is the identity of this world of the type of light, darkness, or a combination of both of them? Another question asks whether this theory is related to the legacy of Islamic philosophy, wisdom, and kalām, and to which views it leads in its genealogical sense in the history of these three disciplines. The findings of the present study indicate that the discussions of the faculty of imagination in Fārābī’s philosophy, imagination and spherical souls in Ibn Sīnā’s philosophy, the belief in Purgatory in Islamic kalām, and the theory of allegory in gnosis are the philosophical and ideological legacies which have influenced the explanation of this theory. On the other hand, resorting to Suhrawardī’s principles and arguments to explain this theory and the identity of the world of Ideas indicates that the existents of the world possess collective modal ideas and both luminous and dark identities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Ontology of Imagination in Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra
Mohsen Habibi

The faculty of imagination is considered to be among the inner faculties of the soul by Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra. Ibn Sina considered it material in nature, while Mulla Sadra maintained that it was immaterial, and both adduced some arguments to support their views in th More

The faculty of imagination is considered to be among the inner faculties of the soul by Ibn Sina and Mulla Sadra. Ibn Sina considered it material in nature, while Mulla Sadra maintained that it was immaterial, and both adduced some arguments to support their views in this regard. In considering imagination as material, Ibn Sina had to deal with some serious philosophical problems such as corporeal resurrection and preservation of certain souls. While responding to his arguments, Mulla Sadra provided several arguments in order to demonstrate his own stand on this issue. On evaluating the arguments of these two philosophers, the author finds Mulla Sadra’s position to be more acceptable than that of Ibn Sina. Moreover, by confirming the immateriality of the faculty of imagination, Mulla Sadra had several achievements such as justifying the preservation of memory during old ages and some other meta-psychological problems and demonstrating ascension, corporeal resurrection, and subsistence of simple human souls, which Ibn Sina also sought to resolve. Therefore, it can be concluded that Mulla Sadra’s theory regarding the immateriality of imagination is more functional and can facilitate the process of adducing rational justifications and arguments for some religious beliefs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - A Critical Analysis of Abdulrazzaq Lahiji’s View of the World of Suspended Ideas
Zakaria Baharnezhad

Believing or not believing in the world of suspended Ideas is one of the philosophical problems which affects philosophers’ approaches and methods in conducting their studies. Hence, it is necessary to examine this problem more profoundly following a new approach and be More

Believing or not believing in the world of suspended Ideas is one of the philosophical problems which affects philosophers’ approaches and methods in conducting their studies. Hence, it is necessary to examine this problem more profoundly following a new approach and benefitting from original and authentic sources. In the same vein, the present paper is intended to, firstly, present a clear picture of the “world of suspended Ideas” and its difference from “Platonic Ideas” in Suhrawardi’s view. Next, the author explains Hakim Abdulrazzaq Lahiji’s view of Suhrawardi’s world of suspended Ideas and presents his critique in this regard. Finally, he tries to respond to Lahiji’s criticisms. The author does not believe that he has covered all the details with respect to the theme of this paper; however, he can claim that no reliable research or critical study has ever been conducted on Hakim Lahiji’s view of the theory of suspended Ideas. Mulla Hadi Sabziwari, the theologian philosopher, provided some responses to Lahiji’s criticisms in his book of Asrar al-hikam; nevertheless, his responses are not conclusive, and they are very difficult to understand. It is hoped that this study opens the way for a new series of research activities in this regard. The author also hopes that future studies on the world of suspended Ideas will not suffer from the potential deficits of this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Place of the Faculty of Imagination in the Emanation of Acts with a Reference to its Educational Consequences (with an Emphasis on Mulla Sadra’s Self-Knowledge)
Narges Movahedi Marzieh akhlaghi zohre Esmaiyli Alireza Parsa

The emanation of acts, according to Muslim philosophers, occurs at two stages: “perceptive principles” and “provoking principles”. The analyses of the place of the faculty of imagination in the perceptive principles of act are of the type of epistemological discussions More

The emanation of acts, according to Muslim philosophers, occurs at two stages: “perceptive principles” and “provoking principles”. The analyses of the place of the faculty of imagination in the perceptive principles of act are of the type of epistemological discussions which explore the effects of perceptive faculties, particularly the faculty of imagination, on the scientific principles of the emanation of acts. The main purpose of this study is to explain how the faculty of imagination affects the emanation of acts at its different stages of emanation. The approaches supporting Mulla Sadra’s views indicate that, firstly, this faculty holds an important place in the development of the principles underlying the perception, visualization, and affirmation of acts. Secondly, they argue that the effective sources of the visualizations of the faculty of imagination include the perceptions of the five-fold senses, ontological representations of Man, and, even beyond them, Man’s essence, so that, through the change, control, and transcendence of such sources, some positive educational outcomes arise in relation to human behavior. Thirdly, given the analysis of the stages of the emanation of act, “intention” can be considered compatible with the stage of concept and judgement in the process of emanation of act, which, considering Mulla Sadra’s meta-approach (stating that perception is emanated at the level of imagination) can directly affect the soul. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A Comparative Study of the Proofs of the Immateriality of the Soul in Demonstrating Imaginal Immateriality in the Views of Muḥaqqiq Ṭūsī and Mullā Ṣadrā
Ahmad Abedi Arani Mohammad Reza Karimi Vala Mohsen Pirhadi

One of the main proofs demonstrating the subsistence of the soul is the immateriality of the soul. However, solving the dilemma of the subsistence of all human souls depends on the analysis of the quality of the immateriality of the soul and demonstrating imaginal immat More

One of the main proofs demonstrating the subsistence of the soul is the immateriality of the soul. However, solving the dilemma of the subsistence of all human souls depends on the analysis of the quality of the immateriality of the soul and demonstrating imaginal immateriality. Muḥaqqiq Ṭūsī has tried to prove the immateriality of the soul and has essentially propounded immateriality as an argument for demonstrating the subsistence of the soul. Although he has not referred to the demonstration of imaginal immateriality, some of the proofs he presents have the potential to be used in proving this kind of immateriality. On the other hand, he believes that the souls which have reached the level of rational immateriality also enjoy imaginal immateriality. Mullā Ṣadrā has also demonstrated the rational and imaginal types of immateriality in order to solve the problem of the subsistence of all souls and, basically, his attempts at demonstrating imaginal immateriality were at the service of demonstrating the subsistence of all souls. Some of Mullā Ṣadrā’s proofs are similar to those of Muḥaqqiq Ṭūsī. Mullā Ṣadrā believes that the application of some of these arguments to imaginal immateriality is perfect and, in addition to them, he also provides some independent reasons in order to demonstrate the rational and imaginal types of immateriality. Hence, through proving that the faculty of imagination is one of the levels of the soul and an immaterial thing by itself, he has managed to reason for the subsistence of the souls which have not moved forward from the level of imaginal immateriality. Here, the authors state that the arguments propounded by Muḥaqqiq Ṭūsī are capable of demonstrating imaginal immateriality and, accordingly, as Mullā Ṣadrā indicates, the subsistence of all human souls is possible in the light of demonstrating the imaginal immateriality of the soul. This has been clearly explained based on Sadrian principles; nevertheless, before Mullā Ṣadrā and in Muḥaqqiq Ṭūsī’s studies, imaginal immateriality can only be witnesses in those souls which have reached the level of rational immateriality. This argument cannot solve the problem of the subsistence of all human souls. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Explaining the Concepts of Illuminationist Philosophy in Iranian Houses
‏Takameh Abbasnia Tehrani Khosro Sahhaf Hassan Rezaei Abolghasem Qavam

Illuminationist philosophy is a discoursive-intuitive and light-centered school of philosophy. It has exercised a significant effect on Iranian art and architecture because of the Iranian-Islamic philosophical concepts that it employs. The present paper examines the ef More

Illuminationist philosophy is a discoursive-intuitive and light-centered school of philosophy. It has exercised a significant effect on Iranian art and architecture because of the Iranian-Islamic philosophical concepts that it employs. The present paper examines the effects of Illuminationist views as a common language for the design of spiritual houses in the contemporary era. Hence, following a descriptive-analytic method, the authors initially explain some of the concepts and ideas in Suhrawardī’s Illuminationist philosophy and then examine their manifestation in the architecture of Iranian houses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - A Comparative Judgement of the Views and Principles of Mullā Ṣadrā and Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī on the Problem of Corporeal Resurrection
Seyyed Ali Razizadeh Seyyed Abbas Zahabi

Both Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī and Mullā Ṣadrā believe in corporeal resurrection; however, they follow different approaches in this regard. A comparison of their views shows similarities in some of their principles but fundamental differences in some others. The origin of their More

Both Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī and Mullā Ṣadrā believe in corporeal resurrection; however, they follow different approaches in this regard. A comparison of their views shows similarities in some of their principles but fundamental differences in some others. The origin of their difference is their philosophical principles and, particularly, the discussions of “identical restoration of the non-existent” and “immateriality of faculties”. The rational demonstration of Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī’s corporeal resurrection was based on his belief in identity with the identical restoration of the non-existent, which has led to some incorrect conclusions such as the materiality of the immaterial dimensions of the soul in the process of resurrection. On the other hand, in contrast to Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī’s claim as to philosophers’ lack of belief in corporeal resurrection, Mullā Ṣadrā tried to prove it philosophically for the first time. Although his philosophical approach gave rise to some criticisms against him, the same approach was the secret behind his immunity against repeating the same mistakes committed by mutikallimun, including Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī. Mullā Ṣadrā rejected the theory of the restoration of the non-existent and believed in other worldly and not elemental corporeal resurrection. Therefore, to demonstrate the restoration of individuals’ acts, he did not have to resort to mutikallimun’s theory of the “return of dispersed components” of human beings. One of the other differences between the views of these two philosophers concerns the problem of the multiplicity and immateriality of faculties. Both thinkers believed in the immateriality of the soul, but Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī maintained that soulish faculties lack multiplicity and tried to bring it in line with the idea of the identical restoration of the non-existent. However, Mullā Ṣadrā believed that the solution to the problem of corporeal resurrection, similar to many other problems, must be sought in the specific method of the soul’s knowledge, particularly, the immateriality of imagination. This paper aims to explain and evaluate the fundamental differences between the views of Fakhr al-Dīn Rāzī and Mullā Ṣadrā regarding the problem of corporeal resurrection. Manuscript profile

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12 - Stereotype imaginations influencing pilgrims’ social trust toward people of Mashhad
fateme eshaghi Mohammad مظلوم خراسانی ali akbar majdi

Analyzing and describing “pilgrims’ stereotype imaginations” and “social confidence of pilgrims toward people LIVING in Mashhad” are the two important components in relationships and social interactions of the guest-host. Data were gathered through surveying, using a qu More

Analyzing and describing “pilgrims’ stereotype imaginations” and “social confidence of pilgrims toward people LIVING in Mashhad” are the two important components in relationships and social interactions of the guest-host. Data were gathered through surveying, using a questionnaire. Statistical population included 310 pilgrims visiting the holy city of Mashhad. The results showed that pilgrims assume the people in Mashhad to be warm, sociable, kind, down to earth, hospitable, patient (positive stereotype imaginations) and to some extent religious and lawful (average or neutral level) and also profit-making, money lovers, stingy and mean, and unfair (negative stereotype imaginations). The level of pilgrims trust toward people in Mashhad was average. Using One-way Variable Analysis and Multiple Regression Methods, to check the hypotheses, showed that pilgrims’ stereotype imaginations had a positive meaningful relationship with the level of social confidence of people in Mashhad, and had the most effect among all measured variables. Other important, effective factors were ethnocentrism, satisfaction, social-economic status, gender, marital status, and ethnicity. Other variables that influenced stereotype imaginations of pilgrims included gender, place of residence, ethnicity, satisfaction, and ethnocentrism. Manuscript profile

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13 - Analyzing of Henry Corbin’s view in Symbol Exegesis and Active Imagination role in understanding of Islamic Theosophical texts
عبدالله راز

Theosophical texts are among the most important and considerable part of our heritage. These texts include useful experiments for today addressees. In different periods, interpreters and addressees according to different mind and knowledge fields had different views More

Theosophical texts are among the most important and considerable part of our heritage. These texts include useful experiments for today addressees. In different periods, interpreters and addressees according to different mind and knowledge fields had different views about these works. Nevertheless it can be said that the way of texts exegesis is always opened. These texts must be reviewed according to different views in different ways. Also their teachings and their fluid mystical language are interpreted according to needs and mental fields and also internal tendencies of addressees and researchers. Manuscript profile

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14 - The problem of prophecy from the point of view of Farabi and Ibn Meimoun
Mohammad Ali Akhavian

The issue of "prophecy" has long been the focus of philosophers' discussions. This research uses a library method to analyze the truth of prophecy between two philosophers, one from the Islamic school and the other from the Jewish Sharia. From the point of view of both More

The issue of "prophecy" has long been the focus of philosophers' discussions. This research uses a library method to analyze the truth of prophecy between two philosophers, one from the Islamic school and the other from the Jewish Sharia. From the point of view of both philosophers, man was created to achieve true perfection and happiness, and the only way to reach true and lasting happiness is through the existence and guidance of the Prophet, and following the Prophet's instructions will make them reach It becomes perfection and happiness. In this research, firstly, we independently stated the views of both philosophers in relation to prophecy, and at the end of the research, we determined that their views are the same in relation to the truth, necessity, attributes, levels of prophets, duties and prophetic revelation. However, in the parts related to distinguishing a prophet from a non-prophet, divine law from non-divine, the best of prophets, and the ways of receiving revelation, their views differ from each other. Manuscript profile

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15 - A Critique of the Theory of Transmigration and Shahrzūrī’s Demonstrative Arguments Based on Ibn Sīnā’s Principles
Mahmud Saidiy

The theory of the transmigration of the soul is one of the oldest views that has been propounded in the history of thought in order to explain the quality of reward or punishment of human beings and the nature of the eternity of the human soul. Shahrzūrī is one of the m More

The theory of the transmigration of the soul is one of the oldest views that has been propounded in the history of thought in order to explain the quality of reward or punishment of human beings and the nature of the eternity of the human soul. Shahrzūrī is one of the most prominent Illuminationist philosophers, who has presented a coherent theory for the demonstration of ascending and descending transmigration. He has initially criticized Ibn Sīnā’s arguments on refuting the theory of transmigration and, then, provides some reasons to prove it. The present study demonstrates that Shahrzūrī’s criticisms of Ibn Sīnā’s arguments are wrong because, given the capability of the body, the active intellect grants the soul to the body. To prevent the soul’s lingering for doing acts, there must be a temporal concurrence and equality between the numbers of previous and new between-body states of the soul. Shahrzūrī’s arguments for proving the theory of transmigration are defective because the problems of the inhibition of the gathering of two souls in a body and the lack of concurrence and equality between the previous body of the soul and its next body still remain to be solved. Manuscript profile

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16 - Absurdity of Imagination in Transcendent Wisdom: An Epistemological Critique of the Proof of Lack of Material Properties and the Addition of Opposites in Imagination
reza jamalinezhad SEYED SADRADDIN TAHERI Abolfazl Mahmoodi

In the present article, in line with the problem of cognition and knowledge, an attempt has been made to give a brief explanation of some epistemological principles of the celibacy of imagination in transcendent wisdom, such as the relation between the issuance and the More

In the present article, in line with the problem of cognition and knowledge, an attempt has been made to give a brief explanation of some epistemological principles of the celibacy of imagination in transcendent wisdom, such as the relation between the issuance and the subject of the soul to imaginary forms. Imagination is one of the broad concepts that are discussed in the fields of epistemology, ontology and anthropology and has a different place in each field. In the epistemological system of transcendent wisdom, imagination is the bridge between the intellectual and sensory powers, and in this way the epistemological problem is solved by the connection between sensory and intellectual perceptions. Have celibacy. The abstraction of this power is based on several arguments. The most important proofs of the abstraction of the imagination in transcendent wisdom is one argument of lack of material properties and the other argument of imagining contradictory things. To review the power of these arguments in the direction of the problem of cognition. Manuscript profile

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