freedom

Open Access Article

1 - Identity Discourse of Islamic Revivalism: Backgrounds and Thoughts

The discourse of ‘Islamic Revival’ is the first influential reaction to Modernity. Opposing the secular modernists, they tried to develop and establish their own discourse, supporting rationalism, justice, freedom, equality, gradual changes and reforms, councils, parlia More

The discourse of ‘Islamic Revival’ is the first influential reaction to Modernity. Opposing the secular modernists, they tried to develop and establish their own discourse, supporting rationalism, justice, freedom, equality, gradual changes and reforms, councils, parliamentary government system, adapting to Islamic Law (Shari‘a), and so on. In fact, the discourse of ‘Islamic Revival’ that developed in the period of Qajar from the inside of the domestic changes in Islamic countriesas attempted to offer a religious understanding of the ways of confronting the issues challenging Islamic societies (including Iran), and stressed the necessity of taking actions about and reactions to the modern identity. The Consequences and effects of modernity on political, economic, social, and cultural sectors of the Iranian society made the theorists of the discourse redefine traditions, models and institutions related to the traditional life, and clarify their relations to the concepts such as rationalism, freedom, equality, progress and law, in confrontation with the concepts emerging from the condition of the new civilization. Manuscript profile

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2 - Interpretation of Religion (Din) and its Influence on the concept of Freedom in the Political Thoughts of Mohammad Mojtehed Shabestari and Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi
amir roshan محسن شفیعی سیف آبادی

After the triumph of Islamic Revolution in Iran, scholars in the fields of religion and politics faced many new issues in the areas of politics and interpreting religious texts. Among them Mohammad Mojtehed Shabestari and Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi dealt with religious More

After the triumph of Islamic Revolution in Iran, scholars in the fields of religion and politics faced many new issues in the areas of politics and interpreting religious texts. Among them Mohammad Mojtehed Shabestari and Mohammad Taqi Mesbah Yazdi dealt with religious texts either using traditional ways or hermeneutical ones. Having different methods, tendencies and intensions, they offered to interpretations of religious texts and issues like freedom. Using Quitin Skiner’s methodology of intentional hermeneutics, the authors of the present article try to clarify the main cause of the difference in their political views and its effect on their political views on issues like freedom. Shabestari, taking interpretative and hermeneutical method, with the purpose of preserving fate and human aspect of the believers, interprets religion in a way that can accept freedom and open socio-political conditions with tolerance. Mesbah, focusing on traditional jurisprudential ways, with the purpose of preserving the status of religion in political and social affairs as he believes that religion has perfect and comprehensive teachings and instructions for humans in achieving transcendental goals, limits human freedom and denies liberal social and political conditions. Manuscript profile

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3 - Value Pluralism and Freedom in the Thoughts of Isaiah Berlin
یاشار جیرانی

One major claim of liberalism in the latter half of the twentieth century was that it can be considered as a normative system due to value-based pluralism, a concept of its. The first scholar to introduce this in terms of a systematic thought was the English political p More

One major claim of liberalism in the latter half of the twentieth century was that it can be considered as a normative system due to value-based pluralism, a concept of its. The first scholar to introduce this in terms of a systematic thought was the English political philosopher, Sir Isaiah Berlin. Defining liberalism as a school placing negative freedom on top of value hierarchy, he argues that liberalism is inferable from the principles of value pluralism. He tries to confirm a logical entailment between value pluralism and preference of negative freedom in three ways, including, giving importance to having choice, opposition to utopia, and belief in existence of universal values. We will see how these ways fail to confirm such an entailment. The article discusses the possibility of inferring any value preference from the above mentioned relying on its anti-rationalist feature and decision making patterns. Manuscript profile

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4 - Conceptual Evolution of “Law” in the constitution process of Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad kamalizade

The constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran as an influential concept and phenomenon, needs to be investigated historically to make clear the formation process of its constituent concepts and elements. The concepts and elements have been formed before revolution and as More

The constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran as an influential concept and phenomenon, needs to be investigated historically to make clear the formation process of its constituent concepts and elements. The concepts and elements have been formed before revolution and as a result of revolution on one hand, and the intellectual attempts of compilers regarding conventionalizing issue. The great characters of revolution not only did not have any perception and special thought of law in their minds, but also they did not think well about the process of law formulation. So while formulating the constitution, they are faced with various difficulties for formulating the key clauses such as sovereignty problems and peolple’s rights and principal freedoms. So for understanding the philosophy and the process of constitution phenomenon in Islamic Republic of Iran, the historical concepts and its formation process and also conventionalizing process of laws should be considered. This goal is achieved considering the mentalities and intentions of formulators of Islamic Republic of Iran’s law while responding the era’s problems. Manuscript profile

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5 - The Concept of Right and Freedom in Talibov's Thought
fardin moradkhani

Iranian Constitutionalism as an important event of the Iranian new Ages introduces many new concepts to Iranian thought. The concept of right as well as the concept of freedom as two important concepts were put forward by the thinkers of this age and theorized about it. More

Iranian Constitutionalism as an important event of the Iranian new Ages introduces many new concepts to Iranian thought. The concept of right as well as the concept of freedom as two important concepts were put forward by the thinkers of this age and theorized about it. Intellectuals, as one of the groups involved, played a major role in designing these concepts. They were able to acquaint Iranians with many concepts of the new era, such as law, parliament, limitation of power, freedom, equality, constitution, and so on. Talibov Tabrizi's words about the concept of right are more precise than others. Talibov's life outside of Iran and his familiarity with the writings of Western scholars have led him to carefully examine new concepts. He has spoken precisely about many modern concepts. He deals with the basis of law, types of rights, violations of rights, and conflicts of rights. It also calls for freedom as one of the evidences of right and tries to find theoretical foundations for this important demand of Iranian constitutionalism. He has the emphasis on praising freedom, linking it with the right, setting limits on freedom, and the avoidance of chaos. Relying on Talibov's works and using a descriptive-analytical method, this article seeks to examine the question of what is the place and meaning of right in Talibov's thought and what is its relation to freedom. And an attempt has been made to explain his theory of rights and freedoms as two key concepts in Iranian constitutionalism. Manuscript profile

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6 - Republican freedom and its criticism based on the Quranic foundations of AllamehTabatabai
Eshagh Soltani Mansour Mirahmadi

Republican freedom is one of the prominent concepts in the field of freedom that, despite its long-standing historical roots, has been of particular interest to freedom researchers for the past two decades. This article, based on a text-based interpretive approach, firs More

Republican freedom is one of the prominent concepts in the field of freedom that, despite its long-standing historical roots, has been of particular interest to freedom researchers for the past two decades. This article, based on a text-based interpretive approach, first discusses what the concept of republican freedom is. He then uses the anthropological foundations of freedom outlined by AllamehTabatabai in his commentary on Al-Mizan and critically evaluates this concept based on the verses of the Holy Qur'an. According to this concept, the mere possibility of arbitrary intervention by an external factor, regardless of whether there is interference in action or not, means the destruction of the freedom of members of society and their enslavement. Based on the Quranic principles of freedom, there are fundamental contradictions in two levels of this concept. At the basic level, this concept is based on the understanding of independence from man, which is in conflict with the truth of the divine caliphate of man and its accessories. At the process level, this concept intends to design tools for the objective realization of freedom and protection based on the individual will of members of society. Whereas the nature of relying on the individual will of man is in fact relying on the nature of the human employer; A trait that itself is the cause of tyranny and disruption of the enjoyment of their freedoms by members of society. It is only by relying on the element of "right" that human society can be freed from tyranny and human beings can enjoy freedom. Manuscript profile

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7 - Review the Legal and Moral Challenges Posed by Cinema Freedom
رحیم آل شیخ Bijan Abbasi Ali Akbar Gorgi

Cinema freedom is a concept that is rooted in freedom of expression, and in fact the cinema, as the seventh art, seeks to achieve this through its own audio-visual style. Freedom of cinema and its legal and moral challenges have always been one of the challenges of the More

Cinema freedom is a concept that is rooted in freedom of expression, and in fact the cinema, as the seventh art, seeks to achieve this through its own audio-visual style. Freedom of cinema and its legal and moral challenges have always been one of the challenges of the states, and thus, governments have taken measures such as cultural regulation and a priori supervision to do their most important tasks as well as the pot production measures. Hence, the current paper aims at examining the legal and moral challenges posed by the freedom of cinema. Having expanded the concept, it will examine the subject of research, public order and cinema freedom. This is a descriptive-analytical paper based on thematic documents. Data was collected using library sources. Data was analyzed using legal documents analysis method. The results suggest that: Freedom of cinema raises many legal and moral challenges that governments can, with their own regulations, partly reduce the legal and moral challenges of cinema freedom. Manuscript profile

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8 - Ethical structure regarding freedom of information and filtering in Iran
vali mirzaei ,amir vatani mehdi abbasi sarmadi

Freedom of information and freedom of expression in the Islamic society are two dimensions of the ethical behavioral pattern of government, so that, on the one hand, all members of the community should have the right to express their views and express their views. On th More

Freedom of information and freedom of expression in the Islamic society are two dimensions of the ethical behavioral pattern of government, so that, on the one hand, all members of the community should have the right to express their views and express their views. On the other hand, the society is obliged to provide for the free access of individuals to each other. Slowly The underlying principle in these two types of freedom is the principle of "Abaha" in philosophy, in the sense that whenever a matter of doubt or doubt is subject to restriction or prohibition, it must be the principle of freedom rather than limitation, while the provision Restrictions on freedom must also be enforced by law and not arbitrarily. Separation from this ethical model of government. It is necessary to review the substantive filtering standards in line with the international human rights system. For this reason, individuals must have the necessary freedom to publish and publish information. Although in the Islamic and legal ethics of freedom of expression in our country, there is no right to restrict the freedom of expression or the prohibition of free access to information, but the law is also subject to limitations that must be respected so that the imposition of probable limitations on freedom It should also be part of the needs of a democratic society, so that the legislator can not place anything as a restriction on freedom of expression and information. What is being discussed in this article is to examine the limits of information freedom and filtering Manuscript profile

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9 - Position of people’s social political participation in respect with religious, with relying on Quran’s verses and Naj al-Balagha

Political participation and the rule of majority (democracy) is one of the new models and the achievements of modern civilization for the administration and management of the community. The complexity of managing society and the demands of the people and deployment of t More

Political participation and the rule of majority (democracy) is one of the new models and the achievements of modern civilization for the administration and management of the community. The complexity of managing society and the demands of the people and deployment of this extended model in advanced societies, remind our tasks in further understanding of this general right from the religious point of view. Interestingly, this pattern in a unique and at the same time sublime and brilliant form, 1,400 years ago in the reign of Imam Ali has been implemented. In this paper, the importance and amount of political participation in their own social destiny according to the Quran and Nahj al-Balagha and interpretation and analysis of some Islamic scholars has been examined Manuscript profile

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10 - An investigation on Freedom and Authorization according to Existentialism; (Based on the votes of Kierkegaard)

This article makes a brief mention intellectual foundation of existentialism and by reviewing some of the most important anthropological ideas of Kierkegaard, tries to analyze critically the concept of liberty and freedom from his perspective, to some theoretical reflec More

This article makes a brief mention intellectual foundation of existentialism and by reviewing some of the most important anthropological ideas of Kierkegaard, tries to analyze critically the concept of liberty and freedom from his perspective, to some theoretical reflections on the foundations necessary to refer existentialism. Our analysis in this paper shows that despite profound accuracy Kierkegaard on the concrete conditions of human life and in favor of the principle of free will and choice in the realization of one's true identity, But his approach to the concept of human freedom and philosophical challenges faced conflicts with some principles of Islamic anthropology. The most controversial cases include: lack of serious attention to the relationship between individual and social freedoms, incompatibility between the concept of individuality and subjectivity of truth, freedom and the lack of attention to the inherent limitations of human and disregard of the passive nature of some human choices and choices Manuscript profile

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11 - Cognitive Megametaphor of "Freedom" in Kurdish language, According to Sherko Bekas Poetry
Samad Aliaghayee Vahid Gholami sadegh mohammadi

Cognitive Megametaphor of "Freedom" in Kurdish language, According to Sherko Bekas Poetry Abstract One of the most important and recent approaches in criticizing literary works is cognitive linguistics. Conceptual Metaphor Theory is one of the main theoretical framew More

Cognitive Megametaphor of "Freedom" in Kurdish language, According to Sherko Bekas Poetry Abstract One of the most important and recent approaches in criticizing literary works is cognitive linguistics. Conceptual Metaphor Theory is one of the main theoretical frameworks in Cognitive Semantics. According to it, metaphor is not just a matter of word, but it is about thought and reason. In all of conceptual metaphors mapping is primary, and they use a source domain language as a pattern for showing the target domain concepts. Megametaphors are set of macrostructures in linguistics which built by other conceptual metaphors in superstructure of the text. This investigation aims to study cognitive megametaphor of "freedom" in the; Now a Girl is my Homeland, a book by Sherko Bekas. How Bekas used different kinds of conceptual metaphors in the undercurrent to form freedom megametaphor at the superstructure, is the main question in this study. The results show that freedom and its relevant concepts are the most common concepts in Bekas poetry. Key words: Cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors, megametaphors of freedom,Kurdish language, Sherko Bekas Key words: Cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors, megametaphors of freedom,Kurdish language, Sherko Bekas Key words: Cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphors, megametaphors of freedom,Kurdish language, Sherko Bekas Manuscript profile

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12 - A model for analyzing the Creative organizational climate in research and development organizations
mansour sadeghi mal amiri

The importance of creativity in successful conservation organizations, this research has focused on the nature of creative organizational climate. So, what creative organizational climate heuristic approach based on multiple scientific literatures published in the field More

The importance of creativity in successful conservation organizations, this research has focused on the nature of creative organizational climate. So, what creative organizational climate heuristic approach based on multiple scientific literatures published in the field was investigated, leading to the discovery of the creative organizational climate. Dimension based on exploratory, assessment questionnaire, and the subjects that prepare and basic science research and development organizations, researchers are distributed, completed and collected. The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, divergent validity and internal consistency shows that research and development in the country, five dimensions of freedom, trust, resources, encouragement and interaction assay ¬ size of the creative organizational climate are effective. The atmosphere of the current state of organizations based on five dimensions shows that the levels of organizational climate Tues ¬ tions (creative and non-creative medium) are the medium. The climate of these organizations is creative organizational climate from most to least encouragement, resources, trust, cooperation and freedom Manuscript profile

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13 - Improving Robotic Arm Control via Model Reference Adaptive Controller Using EMG Signals Classification
Mahsa Barfi Hamidreza Karami Elham Farahi Fatemeh ّّFaridi Seyed Manouchehr Hosseini Pilangorgi

The purpose of designing and manufacturing prosthetic organs is to create their maximum behavioral similarity to human organs. The aim of this paper is to improve the robotic arm control via Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) based on Lyapunov theory using EMG data More

The purpose of designing and manufacturing prosthetic organs is to create their maximum behavioral similarity to human organs. The aim of this paper is to improve the robotic arm control via Model Reference Adaptive System (MRAS) based on Lyapunov theory using EMG data classification. In this paper, human arm is modeled with a robot with two degrees of freedom. The proposed control method is MRAS. The outcome of this research is a robotic arm with MRAS, using the classification of electromyogram (EMG) data recorded from human arm movements, results in proper tracking of the reference signal, less overshoot and steady-state error compared to the conventional PI controller. For this purpose, using two electrodes, EMG data is collected from the anterior deltoid and middle deltoid muscles of the arm of five female athletes and by performing two movements of abduction and flexion of the arm. Then, after eliminating noise, integral of absolute value (IAV), zero crossing (ZC), variance (VAR) and median frequency (MF) are extracted. Then, classification is done by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method to detect movements based on data characteristics. Finally, the proposed controller and model are designed according to the EMG characteristics to achieve the proper control response and the appropriate command signal is sent to the controller to perform the corresponding movement. The results and the values of the obtained errors show the conformity of the model and controller behavior with the predefined movement pattern. Manuscript profile

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14 - The principle of freedom of contract in dealing with its limitations
elham ahmadi bani

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15 - Maxine Greene's Public Space: Beyond the Walls of the Standard Education
Bakhtiar Shabani Varaki Tahereh Javidi Kalateh Jafarabadi

The main purpose of this article is the representation of Maxine Greene views about public space and its major potentials for the rethinking of the educational behavior in schools. Thus, first of all, this idea is emphasized that public spaces are important places for d More

The main purpose of this article is the representation of Maxine Greene views about public space and its major potentials for the rethinking of the educational behavior in schools. Thus, first of all, this idea is emphasized that public spaces are important places for discussion (for dialog) and a free exchange of ideas and information, through which an individual human being can make his voice heard, while at the same time listening to other individuals’ voices, without being bothered by any fear and threat arising from a wide range of human contradictions, differences, conflicts and ambiguities that are inherent in human communication. Second, along with describing and criticizing the educational space governing the current schools, based on Greene ideas, it is demonstrated that the public space can provide new contexts for going beyond educational standards, and thus may secure grounds for the realization of agency, freedom, democracy and a shared world in the education of learners. Manuscript profile

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16 - Culture, Education and Unrealized Possibilities: Essay about the Neglected Human Freedoms Behind Culture and Education
elham zareh mohammad hasan karimi

By looking beyond what is often said about the importance and necessity of education and culture in shaping human and society, this article seeks to analyze the other side of culture and education that does not let the pupils to think in other ways of life and prevent t More

By looking beyond what is often said about the importance and necessity of education and culture in shaping human and society, this article seeks to analyze the other side of culture and education that does not let the pupils to think in other ways of life and prevent them from creativity. Using the concept of "unrealized possibilities", the paper emphasizes on the ways in which culture and education prevent pupils from attention to some possibilities such as freedom and comprehensive development. The main goal of the paper is to answer these questions: How does culture and education restrain human minds from creativity and lead to the unrealized possibilities? How can the unrealized opportunities be realized? The method of critical analysis is used in order to answer these questions. The findings indicate that unrealized possibilities can be realized through providing pupils with cultural intelligence, creativity, meta-cultural vision, active role, and individuality. Manuscript profile

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17 - The Nature and Realm of Responsibility of Human from the Perspective of Sartre and Islamic View of Action

The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nature and the realm of responsibility from the perspective of Sartre and Islamic view of action. In order to do this, two methods of conceptual analysis and comparative analysis were used; using the method of conce More

The aim of this study is a comparative analysis of the nature and the realm of responsibility from the perspective of Sartre and Islamic view of action. In order to do this, two methods of conceptual analysis and comparative analysis were used; using the method of conceptual analysis, the nature of human responsibility, regarding to the nature of human and its freedom in both views, was examined and then, their similarities and differences were comparatively analyzed. The comparison was analyzed from four aspects of the origin of responsibility and the criteria (nature of responsibility), absolute/bounded responsibility and individual/social responsibility (realm of responsibility). First, despite the initial similarities between the two perspectives on the origins of responsibility, these are distinct by considering the concept of abandonment. Second, these two views, according to two aspects of the objective/subjective and absolute/relative of the responsibility criteria, are naturally different. Being absolute/ bounded, as the third component, makes the two views closer together in the responsibility realm. Fourth, individual/social responsibility of acts deals with the comparative study of this realm from another perspective. Manuscript profile

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18 - A Reflection on the Critical Themes about Hegelian Education with Regard to Phenomenology of Spirit
khosrow Bagheri Meysam Sefidhkhosh

The aim of this study is to review the critical themes on Hegelian education based on the concept of education in Hegelian Phenomenology. For this purpose, this research has reviewed the critiques of Hegelian education by Conceptual Analysis method. "Normative education More

The aim of this study is to review the critical themes on Hegelian education based on the concept of education in Hegelian Phenomenology. For this purpose, this research has reviewed the critiques of Hegelian education by Conceptual Analysis method. "Normative education with emphasis on both teaching and learning poles" and "Rejecting the absolute freedom in education", are among the strengths reviewed. Education in Hegel's Phenomenology is based on the interaction of two poles of teaching and learning in order to achieve the desirable educational aims. Therefore the absolute/ negative freedom of individuals for respect to norms and educational values gives its place to positive freedom. "Totalitarianism in education" and "Ambiguity on freedom in childhood education", are two weaknesses in Hegel's education that have critically been reviewed. With this interpretation that totalitarianism in education does not only mean ignoring the other, but also the wisdom in Hegel is intertwined with the idea of the other and it develops by this interaction with others. However, the concept of freedom in childhood for recognizing the totality of the wisdom requires a reconstructive interpretation of Hegelian education. Manuscript profile

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19 - Power Structure and Its Relation to Family Instability (National study in Iranian society)
forozandeh jafarzadehpour

The structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The ma More

The structure of power in the family is an important issue that affects the stability of the family. In recent decades, various changes have taken place at different national levels and also within the Iranian family, which has left an impact on family stability. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between power structure and its relationship with family instability in Iran. This study has investigated the relationship between two variables using the secondary analysis method of 3819 married people in the National Family Survey data. The structure of power in three indicators of power construction, freedom of action and exercise of power, the method of exercising power with relevant sub-indicators and family instability in three indicators at the levels of action (marital conflict, and violence) and attitude (attitude to divorce) were studied under sub-indicators. Findings show that while the overall power structure in the Iranian family is significantly symmetrical, some indicators of power such as freedom of action and the exercise of power and methods of exercising power have significant effects on marital conflict, violence and divorce attitudes and increase family instability. In order to reduce divorce and increase family stability, it is necessary to allocate various programs and services, including counseling, etc., to families with more marital conflicts and families where more violence is reported. Men and women also have different attitudes toward the power structure and attitudes toward the consequences of divorce, and women are more tolerant of the consequences of divorce. Manuscript profile

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20 - The Penalty of Apostates and the Quranic Verse Forbidding Compulsion in Islam (Conflict and Conformity)
Faranak Pousti Ahmad Bagheri

The right to freedom is a basic human right. As every human being has the genetic will and the power to choose, he/she should have the legislative right to choose, and there should not be any obstacle in front of him/her. Freedom has many aspects, one of which is fre More

The right to freedom is a basic human right. As every human being has the genetic will and the power to choose, he/she should have the legislative right to choose, and there should not be any obstacle in front of him/her. Freedom has many aspects, one of which is freedom of thought, suggesting that every human being is entitled to think and research about everything. The other aspect is freedom of opinion, denoting that human beings are free to choose their religion and beliefs, and they should not be obliged to do so. The third aspect is freedom of speech and expression of views and opinions. Finally, the fourth aspect is freedom in action and behaviour, implying that every human being is entitled to act as he/she wishes. One of the objections raised by the opponents of freedom to prove violence and lack of freedom in Islam is the jurisprudential ruling on the murder of apostates. They maintain that if compulsion in belief is forbidden and Islam is accepted freely and voluntarily, then withdrawal from a belief should also be free. Thus, determining this kind of severe penalty for disaffiliation from religion is a reason to adhere to a belief based on coercion and imposition. Manuscript profile

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21 - riticism of feminist arguments on "freedom of abortion due to moral rights of mother and fetus" based on fundamental methodology in moral philosophy
Narges Roodgar zeinab kabiri

Freedom of abortion is one of the serious feminist demands that is pursued in different tendencies with different arguments. In some of the arguments of social feminists, this demand is addressed in order to achieve the moral rights of mother and fetus. The need for fre More

Freedom of abortion is one of the serious feminist demands that is pursued in different tendencies with different arguments. In some of the arguments of social feminists, this demand is addressed in order to achieve the moral rights of mother and fetus. The need for freedom of abortion because of the right of the fetus to enjoy favorable living conditions or because of attention to maternal quality, as well as because of the prohibition of compulsion to sacrifice as a moral right of women, as well as the right of women to conscious choice, are among the reasons. Some social feminists have suggested. According to the fundamental methodology, every theory of the humanities is influenced by the theoretical foundations of its evolution and cannot be understood without them. As a result, the correct evaluation of the theory depends on recognizing and examining the mentioned foundations. The above-mentioned feminist arguments with their claims about the moral right of mother and fetus have been formed in the supervisory foundations of the schools of philosophy of ethics. Has made them possible. Manuscript profile

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22 - Analytical and comparative research on types of freedom from the perspective of Islam and the West
mohammad sharifani Mohammad marefat

In this article, with descriptive and analytical methods and with the help of written documents, the types of freedom from the perspective of Islam and the West have been investigated and analyzed in order to increase the effectiveness and growth of moral productivity. More

In this article, with descriptive and analytical methods and with the help of written documents, the types of freedom from the perspective of Islam and the West have been investigated and analyzed in order to increase the effectiveness and growth of moral productivity. From the point of view of Islam, freedom is a means to achieve goals and it is different from the concept of laziness and laziness, which are considered morally reprehensible traits. Freedom in the social system, especially the religious society, has important benefits and effects by respecting its limits and boundaries. In order to achieve such an ideal, the types of freedom from the point of view of Islam must be carefully analyzed and examined. The question of the current research is, according to Islamic teachings, what are the types of freedom? What is the difference between the views of Islam and the West on the issue of freedom? What are illegitimate and unreasonable freedoms? In this article, it became clear that there are various types and definitions of freedom, each of which is concerned with its dimensions. Since man is a social being, he cannot have absolute freedom; Therefore, freedom will always be limited by limitations and conditions, and reason, revelation and law are its general limits. The religion of Islam accepts and emphasizes freedom of thought, expression, and politics with the considerations that are based on agreement with the fundamentals of religion, while separating freedom of thought from freedom of belief, and emphasizing freedom of thought and freedom from inquisition, freedom of belief. does not accept. Manuscript profile

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23 - Criticize to Kazantzakis based on Love, freedom and justice in opposite of Christian
Mohammad Hasan Barzegar arastoo mirani mohammadali mir

Christian morality has undergone various ups and downs since its formation. In the last two decades, Western thinkers, philosophers, and theologians have criticized the Bible and its teachings, the historical character of Jesus Christ, the behavior and actions of the ch More

Christian morality has undergone various ups and downs since its formation. In the last two decades, Western thinkers, philosophers, and theologians have criticized the Bible and its teachings, the historical character of Jesus Christ, the behavior and actions of the church and the its leaders in the Middle Ages. In his writings, Nikos Kazantzakis criticizes institutional Christianity, the portrayal of Jesus Christ in the Bible, and his teachings and Christian monasticism. Relying on components such as love, freedom and justice, he portrays the Christian to be a model for the human race in modern times, which is experiencing a moral and spiritual crisis. Kazantzakis critiques Christianity, in which the church and the clergy seek to justify the degenerate morals of society, the rich and the poor, and the domination of oppressors and tyrants over society through deterministic teachings. He sees Christian monasticism as devoid of the creative spirit that separates man from the earth today but does not take him to heaven. This study aims to present Kazantzakis critiques of Christian ethics through descriptive methods and data analysis in some of his works. Manuscript profile

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24 - Individual rights and freedoms in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Mohammad Nik Fekar

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has paid attention to individual and collective rights and freedoms in a chapter entitled "The Rights of the Nation". The freedom of assembly is one of the collective rights and freedoms that is directly stated in Article More

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has paid attention to individual and collective rights and freedoms in a chapter entitled "The Rights of the Nation". The freedom of assembly is one of the collective rights and freedoms that is directly stated in Article 27 of the Constitution and implicitly in Article 26 of the Constitution. Basic, identified and guaranteed. In this article, we analyze the importance that the Constitution has given to the freedom of assembly in Article 27 of the Constitution, and also emphasize the basic issue that freedom of assembly and marches cannot be absolute. Rather, the exercise of this right should be considered according to the conditions of the Islamic democratic society. Secondly, the constitution, while observing the standards of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the international community, has also taken into account the conditions and circumstances of its Islamic democratic society and has taken both into consideration. Also, in this research, an attempt has been made to first deal with the concept of public rights and freedoms in detail. Then, while stating the types of rights and freedoms, the right to assembly in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and other relevant laws and regulations have been specifically investigated. In this regard, while guaranteeing the implementation of this right, the necessity of the government's attention and supervision on how to implement this has been discussed. Manuscript profile

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25 - Freedom of will from view of Immanuel Kant and Mulla Sadra
Batoul Yarali Mohsenn Fahim mojtaba jafari

This essay in the field of philosofy of athics is a comparative research about freedom of will. According to Mullah Sadra, human actions are both voluntary and coercive. In his philosophy, the opposition of causal necessity to free will is one of the most important an More

This essay in the field of philosofy of athics is a comparative research about freedom of will. According to Mullah Sadra, human actions are both voluntary and coercive. In his philosophy, the opposition of causal necessity to free will is one of the most important and ambiguous issues. He proves the freedom of will through practical reason .He accepts a middle way in this case and calls his theory a theory of who are firmly grounded in knowledge. From this point of view, human actions are attributed to themselves on the one hand, and on the other hand, according to monotheism, actions are attributed to God. From Kant's point of view that free will is one of the fundamental foundations of his athics philosophy. He considers the desire for freedom to be inherent in human beings and man, as a rational being, has free will. According to Kant, the human will is a dependent will, but the will of God is a completely independent will. He considers theoretical reason incapable of proving the free will of man, but presupposes it in practical reason. Manuscript profile

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26 - Paradigmatic Shifts and the Emergence of the Modern Western Nation-State
Saeed Attar Mohammad kamalizadeh

In this research, we aim to trace the various paths that ultimately led to the emergence of the modern nation-state and its implications in contemporary political structures worldwide. What we now recognize as the modern nation-state, which continues to exist in various More

In this research, we aim to trace the various paths that ultimately led to the emergence of the modern nation-state and its implications in contemporary political structures worldwide. What we now recognize as the modern nation-state, which continues to exist in various forms of political systems, has its roots in ancient and gradual transformations in the West (Europe). These developments can be depicted as a paradigmatic narrative of the dialectic of needs and responses. This narrative begins with ancient Greece and its devotion to rationality and freedom, and continues along different paths, on the one hand, with modern evangelical traditions and the exploration of Roman legal structures, and on the other hand, by passing through historical, social, political, and economic contexts, the great Western powers (England, France, Germany, and the United States) have pursued different paths towards the emergence of the modern state. In retracing these various paths, we have utilized Kuhn's paradigmatic approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

27 - The Role of Women in the Slogan "woman, life, freedom" in Islam and the West
sakineh ganjkhanloo Tooba Shakeri golpaygani

The religion of Islam has always attached special importance to women, and in particular, there are many orders from Imams (peace be upon them) regarding women in religious texts and traditions. One of the important social matters today is the position and role of wo More

The religion of Islam has always attached special importance to women, and in particular, there are many orders from Imams (peace be upon them) regarding women in religious texts and traditions. One of the important social matters today is the position and role of women in the family and society. In Islamic traditions, however, girls and women are mentioned as divine virtues, even though in Islam, God rewards good deeds, and consecrations are questioned by God. By looking through Islamic foundations, one may understand what a high position women had and still have in Islamic thought; however, it is the opposite in the West and the "Woman, Life, Freedom" slogan. Accordingly, the greater the commitment to Islam and Islamic life, the higher the continuity of life. On the contrary, the lower the commitment to Islam, the lower the mental peace and comfort of the person in the living environment and society. Moreover, the collapse of the Western system is based on unlimited freedom. This paper applies a diverse methodology to refer to written documents, computer systems, scientific software, and a descriptive and analytical data processing method. Furthermore, by referring to religious sources, the paper aims to study the role of women in the Woman, Life, Freedom" slogan "in Islam and the West. The results are that referring to the Qur'an examines the traditions, position, and role of women in the family and the "Woman, Life, Freedom" slogan in Islam, bringing tranquility contrary to the West. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

28 - Ayatollah Naeini and the Establishment of a Revolutionary Democratic System
hamid jafari Seyedmohsen Alavipour

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Ayatollah Naeini and the Establishment   of a Revolutionary Democratic System   Hamid Jafari<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Seyyed Mohsen Alavipour<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Naeini was able to present a proposal for a democratic system entitled "Constitutional Government" through theoretical elaboration on concepts such as the constitution, the national assembly, councils, the necessity of consulting with the people's representatives, giving meaning and political weight to the principles of enjoining good and forbidding evil, emphasizing participatory democracy, the role of councils in overseeing laws, and ultimately introducing a new theory in Shia political jurisprudence. The theory prioritizes a form of "compromise" and, through this, provides the necessary intellectual groundwork for separating political affairs from religious matters. An examination of this theory within the framework of pioneering theoretical perspectives on political developments worldwide demonstrates the extent to which he was familiar with the foundations of a democratic system in the contemporary world. By incorporating religious and cultural teachings, he was able to design such a system based on the modern needs of Iranian society. This research aims to elaborate on the novel articulation of the principles outlined by contemporary political philosopher Hannah Arendt for a republic and a successful revolution, within Naeini's governance theory. Within this framework, it becomes evident that the founding principle emphasizes positive freedom and the participation of citizens who are equal under the law. The two fundamental principles of "liberty" and "equality" are well articulated within Naeini's legitimate government theory. Therefore, this theory can be considered as pioneering in modernizing the political structure of the country based on fundamental democratic principles. The research methodology employed is descriptive-analytical and relies on library research.   Keywords: Naeini, Arendt, positive freedom, participation, and foundation.   <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Ph.D. Student of political Science, Imam Khomeini and Islamic Revolution Research Institute, Iran h.jafari848586@gmail.com </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of Applied Policy Studies, Research Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Iran m.alavipour@gmail.com </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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