fluid

Open Access Article

1 - Geochemistry and origin of orogenic gold in Qolqoleh area, Kurdistan: using fluid inclusion and stable isotope methods
Taghipour Makizadeh فرهاد احمدنژاد

The Qolqoleh gold deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, about 50 km south-west of Saqqez. The rocks in the vicinity of the Qolqoleh deposit consist predominantly of Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences of phyllite, meta-l More

The Qolqoleh gold deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandaj–Sirjan metamorphic belt, about 50 km south-west of Saqqez. The rocks in the vicinity of the Qolqoleh deposit consist predominantly of Mesozoic volcano-sedimentary sequences of phyllite, meta-limestone, cholorite- sericite schist, metavolcanic and granitic intrusive rocks that have undergone greenschist facies metamorphism. Geochemical studies indicate that gold mineralization occur in the sulfide-quartz veins. Based on the number of phases present at room temperature and their microthermometric behavior, three fluid inclusion types were recognized: type I mono phase aqueous inclusions, type II two-phase aqueous inclusions (aqueous + vapor), that based on Th could be subdivided into two groups: type IIa show salinities of 5–13 wt.% NaCl equivalent and Th-tot of 205 to 255 °C. Type IIb with salinities of 15–19 wt.% NaCl equivalent and Th-tot of 335 to 385 C. Type III three-phase shows carbonic–aqueous inclusions (aqueous–LCO2–VCO2) with salinities of 9–13 wt.% NaCl equivalent and Th-tot of 345–385 °C. Furthermore, the mean values of density of ore-forming fluids, pressure and depth of mineralization are 0.79-0.93 gr/cm3, 2 Kbar and 7 Km respectively. On the basis of these data, the Qolqoleh gold deposit is categorized in meso zonal orogenic gold deposit. The δ_0^18 values of the ore-forming fluids are in the range of 7.2‰ to 8‰ and the D values are from -35.27‰ to -40.23‰, which indicate a source of deep-originated metamorphic water that is partially mixed with shallow meteoric water. The change of tectonic regime from compressional to extensional in association with the continuously increasing geothermal gradient, results in remobilization of large amounts of metamorphic fluids. Mixing of ascending orogenic drive fluids with descending meteoric fluids led to deposition of gold by sulfide minerals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Water/Rock interaction in Panah-Kuh skarn using carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in different calcite types, west of Yazd
Azam Zahedi Mohammad Boomeri

The Panah-Kuh calcic and magnesian skarns are located about 50km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province. Intrusion of Panah-Kuh granodiorite stock with an Oligocene-Miocene age into limestone-dolomite rocks of the Jamal Formation led to the formation of calcic and magn More

The Panah-Kuh calcic and magnesian skarns are located about 50km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province. Intrusion of Panah-Kuh granodiorite stock with an Oligocene-Miocene age into limestone-dolomite rocks of the Jamal Formation led to the formation of calcic and magnesian skarn in the Panah-Kuh district. Values of δ18O of the granitic rocks and δ18O and δ13C values of the calcite types were determined in this study. Based on these data, δ18O and δ13C values in the studied calcite types are lower than those of sedimentary calcites. These isotopic variations are mainly produced by infiltration of magmatic fluids into carbonate rocks in the Panah-Kuh deposit. Depletetion of the δ18O and δ13C value in the calcite types of Panah-Kuh skarn can be explained by magmatic fluids interaction (δ18O =11.0‰) that interacted with unaltered limestone rocks at 350-450oC with X(〖CO〗_2 ) = 0.05 and water/rock ratio of 25 to 50% . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Water/Rock interaction in Panah-Kuh skarn using carbon and oxygen stable isotopes in different calcite types, west of Yazd
Azam Zahedi Mohammad Boomeri

The Panah-Kuh calcic and magnesian skarns are located about 50km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province. Intrusion of Panah-Kuh granodiorite stock with an Oligocene-Miocene age into limestone-dolomite rocks of the Jamal Formation led to the formation of calcic and magn More

The Panah-Kuh calcic and magnesian skarns are located about 50km northwest of Taft City in Yazd province. Intrusion of Panah-Kuh granodiorite stock with an Oligocene-Miocene age into limestone-dolomite rocks of the Jamal Formation led to the formation of calcic and magnesian skarn in the Panah-Kuh district. Values of δ18O of the granitic rocks and δ18O and δ13C values of the calcite types were determined in this study. Based on these data, δ18O and δ13C values in the studied calcite types are lower than those of sedimentary calcites. These isotopic variations are mainly produced by infiltration of magmatic fluids into carbonate rocks in the Panah-Kuh deposit. Depletetion of the δ18O and δ13C value in the calcite types of Panah-Kuh skarn can be explained by magmatic fluids interaction (δ18O =11.0‰) that interacted with unaltered limestone rocks at 350-450oC with X(〖CO〗_2 ) = 0.05 and water/rock ratio of 25 to 50% . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Study of alteration, mineralization, and fluid inclusion in the Howz-e-Sefid zinc-lead deposit (Central Iran)
Mansor Adelpour godratollah Rostami Paydar

The Howz-e-sefid zinc-lead deposit is located 17 km northeast of Ardakan town in the central Iran tectonic zone. Host rock of this deposit is lower Cretaceous dolomitized carbonate rocks. In this area there are three major rock units. The Sangestan Formation as the lowe More

The Howz-e-sefid zinc-lead deposit is located 17 km northeast of Ardakan town in the central Iran tectonic zone. Host rock of this deposit is lower Cretaceous dolomitized carbonate rocks. In this area there are three major rock units. The Sangestan Formation as the lowest unit, is composed of shale and siltstone with calcarenitic interbeded layers. This unit is overlain by ankeritic massive dolomite and dolomitic limestone of the Taft Formation. The Abkouh Formation at the top, is composed of cherty or argillaceous limestone with massive reefal limestone. The host rock of deposit in the lower Cretaceous carbonate horizon along with other geological evidence indicate that this deposit has been primarily formed similar to the Mississipi Valley-type deposits. This conditions include carbonate and evaporatic sequences, special hydrothermal dolomitized horizons, lack of the effects of igneous intrusions and the presence of the important controling faults. Based on the observations, it can be concluded that the primary ores have been of the sulphide type including sphalerite, galena and pyrite. Due to their exposure to superficial oxidizing conditions and undergoing changes, the primary sulphide ores, have been converted into nonsulphide ore body. As a result, the primary sulphide ores have been changed into secondary minerals such as hemimorphite, smithsonite, cerusite and anglesite. In many cases, the nonsulphide minerals established in the structural fractures and fissures, shows the colloform texture. Therefore, it can be accepted that this type of minerals were formed under the effect of low temperature hydrothermal fluids.There are two types of fluid inclusions (type I: L and type II: L+V) in the carbonaceous ore bearing veins. On the basis of microthermometric study, the homogenization temperatures is between 150-260 °C. The salinity of fluid inclusions is low to intermediate (0.33-14.26 wt. % NaCl equivalent). Heating depressurization due to reduced pressure to boiling with low CO2 bearing fluid (0.62-0.98 gr/cm3) is the main mechanism of deposition. Based on evidence such as the nonhomoginity in filling degree of fluid inclusions, existence of a few vapor-rich phase shows boiling of ore fluid in faulted and fracture zones. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Determining the source of mineralizing fluid in Gol-e-Zard Zn-Pb deposit, Aligudarz using geochemical and fluid inclusion studies
Ali Reza Zarasvandi Mona Sameti Zahra Fereydouni Mohsen Rezaei Hashem Bagheri

The Gol-e-Zard Zn-Pb deposit is located in northeastern of the Aligudarz region (Lorestan province). This deposit is exposed in phyllite and meta-sandstones of upper Triassic-Jurassic of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. The mineralization includes sphalerite, galena and chalco More

The Gol-e-Zard Zn-Pb deposit is located in northeastern of the Aligudarz region (Lorestan province). This deposit is exposed in phyllite and meta-sandstones of upper Triassic-Jurassic of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone. The mineralization includes sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite, which are mainly along quartz veins. Two mineralized horizons are phyllite with high mineralization and meta-sandstone with low mineralization. The mineralogical studies show that galena, sphalerite and chalcopyrite are metallic ores and quartz is also the most abundant gang mineral in the studied deposit. The evidence indicate that the mineralization of the Gol-e-Zard deposit is syngeneic and epigenetic. The most significant structural pattern is the stratabound mineralization in the region. The aim of this study is to determine the type and characteristics the mineralizing fluid in the discriminating of mineralized horizons, besides the determining of source of the fluid in the Gol-e-Zard deposit. LREE enrichments (La/Lu average 4.8) and positive Eu anomalies (average 1.2) indicate the anoxic condition and hydrothermal fluids. Fluid inclusion data shows homogenization temperatures of 139-199.5°C, salinity 5.21-30.38 wt%equ.NaCl and density 0.9-1.1 gr/cm3 in this deposit. Investigation of evolution path of the fluids shows isothermal mixing of fluids during mineralization that comprises the mixing of magmatic water with sea water and also meteoric water. Thus, the mineralization can be summarized as: expulsion of the hydrothermal fluids from the depth, entering into sea water and reducing the temperature of hydrothermal fluids due to mixing with sea water, ascending to the sea level, moving through sediments and circulating in void spaces of and then the leaching of metals from sediments and deposited along the void space and quartz veins. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Ore-forming fluid source and effective parameters in the gold deposition at the Dashkasan deposit (NE Qorveh): structure, microthermometry and O-H stable isotopic evidences
Mohammad Moradi zahra Alaminia Ebrahim Tale Fazel Reza Alipoor

The Takab-Qorveh magmatic lineament between the Urumieh-Dokhtar and the Sanandaj-Sirjan zones contains important gold mines such as Dashkasan and Zarshuran. The Dashkasan deposit is located in the Kurdistan province and is one of the largest gold deposits in the Middle More

The Takab-Qorveh magmatic lineament between the Urumieh-Dokhtar and the Sanandaj-Sirjan zones contains important gold mines such as Dashkasan and Zarshuran. The Dashkasan deposit is located in the Kurdistan province and is one of the largest gold deposits in the Middle East domain. The gold is mainly hosted by porphyritic dacite and breccia. In spite of detailed previous studies, there is still debate regarding the genesis of the Dashkasan. Herein, this study present the source and evolution of the mineralizing fluids using the fluid inclusion and stable isotopic investigations. At Dashkasan, the breccia and mineralization are constrained by the steep NNE-SSW-trending faults. Alteration zones on the surface are phyllic, silicification, tourmalinization, argillic and minor propylitic. Sulfide minerals consist of pyrite, marcasite, arseno-pyrite, stibnite, chalcopyrite and to lesser amounts of bornite, sphalerite and galena associated with quartz, tourmaline, sericite, calcite and chalcedony. Result of microthermometry measurements shows a range of homogenization temperatures between 183-260 °C with salinities of 15.97 to 17.06 wt % NaCl equiv. The oxygen isotope composition of fluid in quartz ranges from 6.6 to 9.9 ‰, while, the tourmaline has δ18Oﬂuid values are in the ranges of 8.5 to 12.3‰. Also, the δDﬂuid values of the quartz and tourmaline ranges between -51 to -81 and -93 to -111‰, respectively. Integrating with previous studies, all these data, suggest a migration from a porphyry gold system (stage-I) with a magmatic source to a low-sulphidation epithermal (stage-III). Stage-II occurred simultaneously with the collapse and eruption of crater. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Geology and gold mineralization in the west of Kasnazan, south of Saqqez, Kurdistan province
Shojaeddin Niroomand Hossein Ali Tajeddin Saba Haghiri Qazvini

West of Kasnazan gold prospect is located 14 km south of Saqqez. The rocks in the area predominantly consist of Precambrian and Cretaceous volcanosedimentary sequences of schist, phyllite and marble which are intruded by granitoid bodies. The main gold reservoir in the More

West of Kasnazan gold prospect is located 14 km south of Saqqez. The rocks in the area predominantly consist of Precambrian and Cretaceous volcanosedimentary sequences of schist, phyllite and marble which are intruded by granitoid bodies. The main gold reservoir in the deposit is hosted inside a quartz syenite body that is intruded along a northwest-southeast shear zone. The high-grade gold ores belong to highly deformed mylonitic and ultramylonitic quartz syenite rocks which are associated with quartz, sericite-muscovite, carbonite and sulfide alteration minerals. Ore mineral assemblages of the deposit are simple and consist of pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite, magnetite, gold and iron hydroxide minerals. Gold grains with less than 40 microns in size have been found as intergrowth with quartz and also in the form of inclusions in pyrites. Fluid inclusion studies indicate homogenization temperatures between 137.4 and 240.5°C and salinity between 1.16 to 12.06 wt% NaCl eq. This study indicates that main characteristics of the geology and mineralization of the area are similar to orogenic type gold deposits. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Narratological Criticism of “Women Writer”
عليرضا شاهيني

Narrative of a story is the most important structural part of it. Appropriate and effective application of narrative methods is the main success base for every author to make his/her work lasting; therefore, narratological reviewing of a story and analysis of the new an More

Narrative of a story is the most important structural part of it. Appropriate and effective application of narrative methods is the main success base for every author to make his/her work lasting; therefore, narratological reviewing of a story and analysis of the new and creative methods of narrative are two important discussions in contemporary story criticism which, beyond motif and theme and content of the work, deals with the completely literary manifests of story text and reveals its different devices. “Women Writer” by Mahmoud Golab-Darei is a story which in its creation, writer particularly focuses on the contemporary narrative methods of story-writing. The considerable mental narrative and approaching to the language of poetry and poetic story, and also fluidity of narrative current which causes ambiguity in story and therefore tolerating different conclusions from reader is of the narrative feature of this story. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Underling Mechanism of Relationship between Working Memory and Fluid Intelligence
Rouhollah Shahabi Javad Ejei Parviz Azadfallah Vliyollah Farzad

.The present study investigates how working memory and fluid intelligence are related in 8 - 12 years old children

.The present study investigates how working memory and fluid intelligence are related in 8 - 12 years old children Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Intertextual elements and the flood of mind in the works of Mahmoud Akbarzadeh and Mohammad Reza Shams
maryam ghaffari jahed

The current trend of modernism in Iran is a new phenomenon that has attracted the attention of some writers and has produced works that have been successful in some cases with the pattern of western literature. Given that modernism still has its place in the fictional More

The current trend of modernism in Iran is a new phenomenon that has attracted the attention of some writers and has produced works that have been successful in some cases with the pattern of western literature. Given that modernism still has its place in the fictional literature of Iran as it should be, its entry into the child's literature can hardly be accepted. On the one hand, the authors' lack of attention to the childhood and adolescent age and the tendency to ambiguity make it impossible to understand the concept of the text for this group. In this study, with the aim of understanding the modernist features of child literature in recent decades and aspects of the authors' innovation, Mahmoud Akbarzadeh and Mohammadreza Shams have been focusing on the use of modern elements with an emphasis on the intertextuality and fluidity of the mind, and we conclude that Mahmoud Akbarzadeh in the field of modern scriptwriting , Has innovations, and most of the intertextual elements in his work are Faradastan and folklore, and in some cases, the fluid flow of mind is used to narrate the story. Mohammad Reza Shams' intertextual elements also include folk beliefs, folklore and myths, and have abundantly flowed from the fluid flow of mind. Therefore, his works are more complex than those of Mahmoud Akbarzadeh. : Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Myth of Peripatetic Hyle in the Transcendent Philosophy
Mohammad Reza Noornohammadi

The philosophical analysis of the changes in natural bodies led Peripatetic philosophers to the notion of hyle, which is a substance that essentially lacks actuality and remains fixed in the process of change. Peripatetic philosophers have employed this notion in many p More

The philosophical analysis of the changes in natural bodies led Peripatetic philosophers to the notion of hyle, which is a substance that essentially lacks actuality and remains fixed in the process of change. Peripatetic philosophers have employed this notion in many philosophical debates, including the famous division of existents into material and immaterial groups. Nevertheless, despite their emphasis upon this notion, Suhrawardī denied the existence of the Peripatetic hyle. Mullā Ṣadrā has not explicitly explained his views of hyle in any of his works; however, a careful study of his works and, particularly, philosophical principles indicates that the peripatetic hyle is not acceptable in the Transcendent Philosophy. In fact, some contemporary philosophers have even found the idea of the Peripatetic hyle to be self-contradictory within the framework of the Transcendent Philosophy. At the same time, the words hyle and matter are frequently used in Mullā Ṣadrā’s works because, apart from cases in which he explains the views of earlier philosophers, he also believes in a kind of hyle that should be called the “analytic hyle”. This kind of hyle is a secondary philosophical intelligible that is abstracted from the analysis of the trans-substantial motion. It bears a unity with from and can be used as a basis for the division of existence into fixed and fluid categories. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Reservoir Fluid Contact Detection Using Continues Wavelet Transform of Resistivity Log
امیر ملا جان مصطفی جاوید حسین معماریان بهزاد تخم چی

Exact assessment of reservoir fluid contacts and distribution is an important part of reservoir characterization. Reservoir fluid contacts may be detected by petrophysical interpretations, well testing, special core analysis and seismic inverse modeling techniques. In p More

Exact assessment of reservoir fluid contacts and distribution is an important part of reservoir characterization. Reservoir fluid contacts may be detected by petrophysical interpretations, well testing, special core analysis and seismic inverse modeling techniques. In practice, due to noneconomic and unavailability of well test and seismic data, wire line log data are commonly used. Since these contacts affected by complexity of reservoir properties, thickness of reservoir rocks, and some factors such as vug effect, fractures and mud filtrate invasion, it is essential to find a way for reducing such these factors. The present study uses data related to three wells of an oil field in southwestern Iran to detect oil-water contact by continues wavelet transform of resistivity log. The results obtained from this method are compared with well test responses to validate the proposed algorithm. The results show that this method is capable to detect fluids contact accurately Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Reservoir fluid type identification from petrophysical logs using pattern recognition methods
امیر ملا جان حسین معماریان بهزاد تخم چی

Identifying the type and distribution of reservoir fluids is one of the main things on well logging logs and well testing. Several methods have been proposed to identify the type of reservoir fluids that in general, it can be divided into two groups of methods; direct ( More

Identifying the type and distribution of reservoir fluids is one of the main things on well logging logs and well testing. Several methods have been proposed to identify the type of reservoir fluids that in general, it can be divided into two groups of methods; direct (e.g. well testing) and indirect methods (e.g. seismic and log interpretation). Petrophysical logs due to their high resolution and more conformity are more frequently used than seismic data. This study aims to identify reservoir fluid types in PLs, based on 3 classes of oil, oil-water and water, in carbon reservoir. Suggested method applies wavelet decomposition as well as classification and was applied to PLs in five wells of an oil field in southwestern Iran. Eventually, obtained results have been evaluated by well testing responses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes to improve hydrocarbon wells annular clearance space
Mohammad سلیمانی سعیده رعیت دوست

Proper drilling fluids has vital role for achieving to hydrocarbon reservoirs by using Drilling operation. Some important problems such as friction, stuck pipe, slow drilling rate, high torque and drag, lost of materials, density variation of mud can be happened due of More

Proper drilling fluids has vital role for achieving to hydrocarbon reservoirs by using Drilling operation. Some important problems such as friction, stuck pipe, slow drilling rate, high torque and drag, lost of materials, density variation of mud can be happened due of poor hole annulus and cuttings down falling that induce expensive drilling. Various drilling fluids have been widely used in the wells drilling to improve lifting capacity of drilled cuttings. In this paper, the experimental results have been studied that conducted on effect of Multiwall Carbon Nano tubes (MWNTs) as additives for lifting capacity of water based mud. The effect of Useful parameters such as amount of MWNTs used, cutting size and mud annular velocity on the drilling fluid cleaning capacity have been studied. The results show that lifted cuttings increase as the amount of MWNTs added increases. MWNTs associated with water based mud displays the stability against base mud since surface forces easily balance the gravity force and attached to drilled cuttings, resulting in increase of drag force acts to drilled cuttings and easily lifted cuttings to the surface. The MWNTs also will improve viscosity which will significantly increase carrying capacity of the mud. For small and medium cuttings, the improvement relatively simplified compare to the big cuttings. The impact will significantly Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Physiochemical characteristics of oOre-bearing fluids for celestite occurrence in the Zagros fold-thrust belt: using microthermometry studies
رضوانه حمیدی Hojjat Ollah Safari مهاسا روستایی

Oilgocene-Miocene celestite occurrences are observed across the carbonate-evaporite formations of Asmari and Gachsaran in the Zagros fold - thrust belt. The aim of this research is the study of fluid inclusions in our celestite deposits (Tortab, Tarak, Likak and Babamoh More

Oilgocene-Miocene celestite occurrences are observed across the carbonate-evaporite formations of Asmari and Gachsaran in the Zagros fold - thrust belt. The aim of this research is the study of fluid inclusions in our celestite deposits (Tortab, Tarak, Likak and Babamohamad) to reveal the nature of ore-forming fluids. Abundant structures including: geodic and vein-like structures as open-space filling along with replacement textures like mosaic and vein-like in a carbonate matrix are present. Moreover, celestite, calcite, gypsum and anhydrite are observed as the major minerals in this deposits. Based on petrographic studies, 5 groups of fluid inclusions were recognised, which are categorized as: Liquid mono phase (L), vapour mono phase (V), liquid-rich two phase (LV), vapor-rich two phase (VL) and multi-phase fluids (LVS). The results obtained from the study of microthermometry data show 134.3 to 291.8°C as homogenisation temperatures and salinities of 2.5-18.17 wt%, NaCl equ, all are involved in forming celestite. Based on the results of microthermometry data, it can be deduced that formation mechanism of celestite is resulted from reaction between fluid and rocks of the area. Moreover, tectonic activities such as uplift and diagenesis of beds along with dissolution of minerals have caused release of strontium in the fluids responsible for ore-forming. This has generally undertaken by two fluids of meteoric and brine origins over different stages of ore-formation, replacing anhydrite with strontium at high temperatures during late- diagenetic and epigenetic processes. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Geology, structure, texture, fluid inclusion and formation model of Michigan type copper mineralization in the Sebandoon deposit, Northeast of Iran
B. Hammamipour Baranji H.A. Tajeddin M. Movahednia

The Sebandoon copper deposit is located in the northern part of the Sabzevar subzone. The rock units exposed in the area consist of upper Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequences of trachyte, trachyandesite, basalt, split, shale, dacite and sandstone. The Sebandoon nati More

The Sebandoon copper deposit is located in the northern part of the Sabzevar subzone. The rock units exposed in the area consist of upper Cretaceous volcano-sedimentary sequences of trachyte, trachyandesite, basalt, split, shale, dacite and sandstone. The Sebandoon native copper deposit comprises stratabound mineralization which is hosted in split basalt. The main ore structures and textures in the deposit include disseminate, veinlets, open space filling and replacement forms. The ore mineral assemblages are simple and consist of native copper, coprite and malachite and main gang minerals are zeolite, calcite, quartz, chlorite and epidote. Fluid inclusion studies on ore-bearing zeolite reveal that majority of primary inclusions are liquid-rich two-phase (LV) ones. The studies indicate homogenization temperatures were between 228 and 340°C and salinity varied between 0.6 to 5.7 wt% NaCl eq. Based on the evidence from geology, mineralogy, alteration, fluid inclusion, and geodynamic environment, the Sebandoon copper deposit is similar to Michigan copper type deposits, in which copper was leached from the basaltic rocks during burial metamorphism and the ore-forming fluids moved upwards and subsequently deposited as native copper due to low pressure and mixing with meteoric fluids. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Mineralogy, geochemistry, and fluid inclusion characteristics of the Madanjoo skarn iron deposit, Sangan mining district, NE Iran
M. Fotovat Jami Masoud Alipour-Asll

The Madanjoo prospect is one of the eastern anomalies in the Sangan mining district. This area is located in the eastern part of the Cenozoic Alborz volcanic-plutonic arc. The geology of the area includes Jurassic shaly sandstone, lime mudstone, and sandstone, Upper Cre More

The Madanjoo prospect is one of the eastern anomalies in the Sangan mining district. This area is located in the eastern part of the Cenozoic Alborz volcanic-plutonic arc. The geology of the area includes Jurassic shaly sandstone, lime mudstone, and sandstone, Upper Cretaceous limestone and dolomitic limestone, and Upper Eocene tuff and lava flow sequences, Middle Eocene skarn rocks, and Quaternary sediments. The most important occurrence in the Madanjoo area is the penetration of ferrous fluids into terrigenous and carbonate formations, skarnization, and iron mineralization, which is characterized by the presence of magnetite and calcsilicates minerals. based on type and frequency of calcsilicates, The skarn zones include olivine-pyroxene-garnet skarn, garnet-pyroxene skarn, garnet skarn, pyroxene-wollastonite-magnetite skarn, magnetite skarn, phlogopite skarn, tremolite-actinolite skarn, and epidote skarn. Iron mineralization occurred as massive, banded, vein-veinlets, breccia, and disseminated forms mostly in the Upper Cretaceous limestone and dolomite rocks and along NE-SW fault zone trend. Magnetite is the main ore mineral accompanied with pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and secondary iron minerals. The composition of the Madanjoo garnet, pyroxene, and olivine are andradite-grossular (mostly andradite), diopside-hedenbergite (mostly diopside), and forsterite, respectively. Thermobarometry study based on pyroxene chemistry show that pyroxenes crystallized in temperature range of 458-689 °C, pressure of 2.21 kb, and depth range of 1-2.5 km. Three main paragenetic stages of skarn formation and ore deposition were recognized in the Madanjoo deposit: (1) a prograde stage developed with prograde garnet and pyroxene forming at 330° to 410 °C with a fluid salinity between 33 to 58 wt.% NaCl equivalent, (2) a retrograde garnet, tremolite- actinolite, and calcite which formed at 120° to 300 °C with fluid salinity of 16 to 49 wt.% NaCl equivalent, and (3) a post-ore stage with calcite and minor quartz veins that developed at 95° to 190 °C with salinity range of 2 to 15 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Possible iron ore formation mechanisms include: fluid mixing, boiling, and dilution with meteoric waters along with decreasing temperature. Finally, the Madanjoo iron mineralization is introduced as a magnesian exoskarn iron deposit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Geology, mineralization and fluid inclusion studies of the Lakhshak gold deposit, southwest Sistan suture zone
N. Heydarian Dehkordi S. Niroomand Hossein Ali Tajeddin Reza نوزعیم

Lakhshk deposit is located 28 km northwest of Zahedan and southwestern of Sistan suture zone. The main outcrops in the study area are Eocene schists consisting of calc-schist and quartz schist. These rocks metamorphosed under greenschist facies grade and were intruded More

Lakhshk deposit is located 28 km northwest of Zahedan and southwestern of Sistan suture zone. The main outcrops in the study area are Eocene schists consisting of calc-schist and quartz schist. These rocks metamorphosed under greenschist facies grade and were intruded by Oligocene rhyolitic and dacitic dikes and granitoid. The gold-antimony mineralization is structurally controlled by a NE–SW fault zone and shear zone, and hydrothermal alterations were mainly occurred in the contact zones of granitoid and calc-schist units. The high-grade gold mineralization (3.5 g/t) is spatially related to the intense sulfidation and silicification hydrothermal alteration zones in the inner parts of the zone as well as ductile-brittle (microfractures, fine veins/veinlets) deformation. The ore mineralogy is simple and includes pyrite, arsenical pyrite, stibnite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, gold, electrum, goethite, and stibiconite. The study of fluid inclusions on gold ores quartz shows the homogenization temperature in quartz-sulfide veins/veinlets with mineralization between 200 to 330 °C with a salinity of 8 to 13 wt.% NaCl equiv., which is compatible with the mixing and dilution process. Based on the results of geology, mineralogy, and fluid inclusion studies, gold mineralization in Lakhshak gold deposit is of orogenic type. Manuscript profile

List of Articles fluid

Rimag

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages