consciousness

Open Access Article

1 - The Review of Time Processing in Shams Ghazals: Applying Stream Of Consciousness Technique
مینا بهنام ابوالقاسم قوام Mohammad taghavi محمدرضا هاشمی

Some of Molavi’s ghazals have specific features that guide readers’ mind through intellectual basics of stream of consciousness works. The study reviewed the category of Time in Molavi’s ghazals using theoretical bases of this technique about Time. Research hypothesis i More

Some of Molavi’s ghazals have specific features that guide readers’ mind through intellectual basics of stream of consciousness works. The study reviewed the category of Time in Molavi’s ghazals using theoretical bases of this technique about Time. Research hypothesis is as follows: time warps, repetitive round trips to past and present time during every Ghazal and the importance of present time in creation moment of Molavi’s poem. We can divide time in his Ghazals, in a general categorization, to two linear-continuous and nonlinear- discontinuous kinds. Second kind of time closes Ghazals to stream of consciousness works. Measuring basis for time warps is start moment of Ghazal in the study. Molavi, based on rule of free association dominating his mental domain travels from present to past, past to present, and in some cases, travels to future reviewing past mementos and in some cases, time warps and round trips to past and present are so fast and continuous. This issue can affect language, narrative methods, kind of imagery and other cases in Ghazal. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The Theory of Consciousness and Eternity of Being in Mowlavi’s Gnostic Point of View
حسين نوين

On the basis of an intuitive knowledge, as well as by reference to Koran verses and his sacred knowledge, Mowlavi regards all particles of the universe as conscious, living, and dynamic, linked in an innately coordinated manner with the Conscious Totality governing all More

On the basis of an intuitive knowledge, as well as by reference to Koran verses and his sacred knowledge, Mowlavi regards all particles of the universe as conscious, living, and dynamic, linked in an innately coordinated manner with the Conscious Totality governing all the being. Within this system, such a connection would be completed when the elements of existence, including human beings, detach themselves from their material aspects and promote their spiritual dimensions. This is what is called the law of entropy and negentropy in physics. Mowlavi's mystic unity of existence confirms this doctrine. He, like Einstein, believes in two kinds of lights, sense and regent; he considers the human death as a process of changing the light of sense into the regent light, and into eternity. All phenomena are moving toward the wisdom governing the existence in a predetermined total coordination with universe of existence. Human beings’ connection with the Totality governing the universe, and reaching eternal illumination is possible in the light of intuition attained through invocation, meditation and purification of the soul. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - «Stream of Consciousness» in the Stories by «Mostafa Mastoor»
آرش مشفقی ناصر علیزاده خیّاط

As the colossal movement of »modernism« in the 20th century bloomed, it dominated all aspects of human life. Literature too, faced a metamorphosis in the form of novel, and emergence of new ways in narration. The term »Stream of Consciousness« was first used by the Amer More

As the colossal movement of »modernism« in the 20th century bloomed, it dominated all aspects of human life. Literature too, faced a metamorphosis in the form of novel, and emergence of new ways in narration. The term »Stream of Consciousness« was first used by the American psychologist »William James« in psychology, then entered the field of literature and became one of the modern narrative techniques. The present study has attempted to, first, give a brief description of the main features of the ‘stream of consciousness’, and then, investigate those features in some of the stories written by the contemporary modern Iranian writer, ‘Mostafa Mastoor’. In other words, the present paper tries to find the answer to the question of the possibility of classifying some of Mastoor’s stories under the title of “stream of consciousness”, as some critics believes. It should be noted that the term ‘stream of consciousness’ is used for the stories having all or most of the features known for it. Therefore, the selected works of Mastoor's as samples do not mean that they are fully written under the rules of the ‘stream of consciousness’, rather, they aim at probing the strength of its effects in these works. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Typology and Distinctive Features of Quranic Narratives
َAbolfazl Horri

The present article is a study and analysis of typology of Quranic narratives, and their distinctive features making them different from some narrative genres such as legends, myths, and historical reports. At first, the genealogy of these genres is presented, and then More

The present article is a study and analysis of typology of Quranic narratives, and their distinctive features making them different from some narrative genres such as legends, myths, and historical reports. At first, the genealogy of these genres is presented, and then, referring to the verses (Ayahs) and reliable sources, the etymology of the words related to the Quranic narratives is investigated. The writer goes on with the typology of Quranic narratives, and the features distinguishing them from legends, myths, and historical reports. Although Quranic narratives may have some elements of storytelling, common to such genres, one thing is for sure: no matter what type they are, they were divinely revealed to the heart of the Prophet. Therefore, the idea of being false or superstitious is totally rejected. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - New Critical Theory: Beyond Postmodernism and Pos- Critical Thinking
جهانگير معيني علمداري

In this article, first, the main characteristics of new critical theory (NCT) is described as a response to postmodernism and a return to the early Frankfurt School. NCT challenges pessimism and Skepticism of postmodernism and post - critical thinking and revives radica More

In this article, first, the main characteristics of new critical theory (NCT) is described as a response to postmodernism and a return to the early Frankfurt School. NCT challenges pessimism and Skepticism of postmodernism and post - critical thinking and revives radical tradition. of critical theory of course NCT is also concerns about recent developments and wants to accomodate it, without assimilations with it simultaneously, NCT adheres principals and take refuge in reformism. So, NCT tries to compromise continuity and discontinuity, Finally NCT seeks for a radical solution for ills of late capitalism and for this matter goes beyond Habermasian and postmodern reconstructive approach. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Historical Time and Philosophical Time in Ibrahimi Dinani’s View
M‘asumeh Qorbani Anderehci

Perception of time is of an intellectual nature, and the human mind can easily divide it into seconds and minutes, for example, and measure it. However, when speaking of the truth of time, one is in fact faced with a complex and difficult mystery. The attempts at disamb More

Perception of time is of an intellectual nature, and the human mind can easily divide it into seconds and minutes, for example, and measure it. However, when speaking of the truth of time, one is in fact faced with a complex and difficult mystery. The attempts at disambiguating this mystery has resulted in wide-spread disagreements among philosophers and thinkers so that some of them hold that time exists while some others deny its existence. Gholam Hossein Ebrahimi Dinani, a contemporary Iranian thinker, conceives of time as an ontological entity. He has reanalyzed and reinterpreted the views of several thinkers regarding time and believes that everything in the world of being is manifested and emerges through the channel of human consciousness. He emphasizes that the relationship between Man and time is so strong that its rupture is meaningless. Dinani maintains that time has two dimensions: one is the material dimension, which is realized in the material world, and the other is the Ideal dimension, which is indeed perceived as a path towards the world of meaning. The latter, while being material, is of an Ideal nature. In his view, time in its material dimension is the same as the measure of motion, and time in the world of thought is identical with the form of human perception. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Pedagogical Narrative of Embodied Consciousness in the Post-Reductionist Era: The Inseparability of Mind-Body-Environment (MBE)
Zeinab Mahdavi Bakhatiar shabanivaraky Tahereh Javidi Calate Jaafar Abad

To narrate the pedagogy inspired by embodiment consciousness is the primary purpose of the paper. To reach it, firstly, the analytical account has offered the main consciousness streams which took a reductionism position about the phenomenon and, then, according to the More

To narrate the pedagogy inspired by embodiment consciousness is the primary purpose of the paper. To reach it, firstly, the analytical account has offered the main consciousness streams which took a reductionism position about the phenomenon and, then, according to the shortcomings they have created, we criticised them. On the one hand, dualism held that mind and matter are distinct substances and preferred the mind as a non-material entity, leading to explanatory gab and the hard problem of consciousness later. The eliminativist's argument about consciousness is that "there is no such a thing." Therefore, mental states and awareness are exclusively confined only to the brain and neuroscientific subjects. On the other hand, neurophenomenology takes a holism position and, by refusing the explanatory gap, believes that there is no split between the mind-body and the world. Varela introduced the embodiment as a feature of consciousness which means that the integrated experience is intimately connected to situations and arise from contexts. Thus, we are active in the world and show a reaction, rather than isolated Cartesian minds that consist of pure thought or generally eliminated consciousness. The idea demonstrates even better in the pedagogy field due to embodiment consciousness by identifying students' first-person experience and emotional aspects and recovering Cartesian subjective preference. Moreover, bypassing traditional, static and dogmatic structures, pedagogy inspired by embodiment consciousness endeavor to conquer elimination problems and explain that human beings do not live inactively in a society with a set of predomination stuff like morality which has already existed just in neural system and the brain biologically. Therefore, embodiment consciousness has been suggested as an alternative to the previous streams. Here, the pedagogical stream is non-linear, emergent, and chaotic, in which monologue turns to dialogue. In these circumstances, the pedagogic connection refuses to follow static, linear, and predetermined regulation but avoids pursuing blindness and imitation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The goals of Intellectual education based on Hegel's phenomenology stages of consciousness development
Reza Ali Nowrozi fahimeh hajiyani

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of intellect in Hegel's phenomenological approach to infer the goals of intellectual education from his viewpoint. The present study is descriptive research, and the research method is Frankenna's practical analog More

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the concept of intellect in Hegel's phenomenological approach to infer the goals of intellectual education from his viewpoint. The present study is descriptive research, and the research method is Frankenna's practical analogy. This study considers intellect to be divided into the hierarchal stages of "observant intellect," "active intellect," "practical intellect," and "absolute intellect," respectively, in terms of development and evolution. Results of the present study indicate that intellectual education at the stage of "observant intellect" includes the use of the "quality," "quantity," and "size" in the stage of "sensory certitude," "contemplation reflection" in the stage of "comprehension," and "good work idea" in the stage of "mental consciousness." Besides, the goals on intellectual education at the stage of "active intellect" include respect for the person as a goal in essence, and respect for the rights of others. The goals behind intellectual education at the "practical intellect" stage include the use of wise "purpose," "intention," and "aim" to achieve "moral consciousness critique" and the formation of "moral attitude" in the individual. The goals of intellectual education at the stage of "absolute intellect" include the use of religious arts to perceive the "absolute essence". Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - A Critical Study of the Definition of Practice in Mullā Ṣadrā
Fatemeh Sadat Ketabchi Keramat Varzdar

Mullā Ṣadrā maintains that the distinction of practice from other acts pertains to its “intentional” nature. In his view, “intention” includes the free will accompanied with the second level of consciousness acting based on the purpose of practice. Therefore, not each v More

Mullā Ṣadrā maintains that the distinction of practice from other acts pertains to its “intentional” nature. In his view, “intention” includes the free will accompanied with the second level of consciousness acting based on the purpose of practice. Therefore, not each voluntary act is called “practice”; rather, practice is a voluntary act that emerges along with the second level consciousness based on the purpose of act. The results of this study, which was conducted following a descriptive-analytic method and through the analysis of conceptual concomitants of practice, indicate that Mullā Ṣadrā’s definition is not mutually exclusive. This is because, based on the example of “self-conscious” robot, one can assume an agent that enjoys free will and consciousness but its act is not intentional. Therefore, to complete the definition of practice, in addition to free will and consciousness, one needs a third element or the same “choice”. Mullā Ṣadrā does not officially recognize “choice” as the third element of practice and reduces it to the same consciousness and the free will. Nevertheless, the present study demonstrates that he is wrong, and “choice” in the sense of “the freedom to use the free will” must be added to the definition of practice. This study mainly aims to examine the quiddative structure of “practice” in the Transcendent Philosophy and distinguish “practice” from other similar affairs. Manuscript profile

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