Validity

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating Validity of Probative Evidences and Its Application in Jurisprudence and Islamic Law
Seyed Abolqasem Naqibi Elham Maghzi Najafabadi

Abstract: The validity of probative evidences is one of the fundamental discussions in methodology of religion. Probative evidences (religious circumstantial evidences) are among the evidences needed for interpretation and inference of the Sharia rules, the signifiers o More

Abstract: The validity of probative evidences is one of the fundamental discussions in methodology of religion. Probative evidences (religious circumstantial evidences) are among the evidences needed for interpretation and inference of the Sharia rules, the signifiers of which–in addition to comparative signified–have sometimes evidentiary effects. Evidentiary effect in methodology means the religious effects attributable to the rational instruments, necessities and requirements, either ordinary or accidental, which can be taken as evidence or codes of action. In case of the validity of probative evidence and its reasons, three theories may be put forth: Some jurists attribute the nature of evidence, in terms of proof, depending upon its validity thus rule on absolute validity of probative evidence. Some others, however believing in absolute validity of the probative evidence, have attributed the reason to the quality of proof and attribution of the reasons for validity of the evidence. The third group of jurists believe in a detailed manner which draws a line of separation between various types of evidence and probative evidences. Apparently, to study the validity of probative evidences, the reasons for validity of the evidence must be taken into consideration. Therefore, if the reason behind validity of the evidence is an instance of compulsory obedience, its probative reasoning shall not be valid but if it is based on logical and consistent usages (which is true in the case of the majority of cases) the criterion will be constraints in logical usages and related terms. This is because men of reason at times take something as evidence while at the same time reject its probative values, such as evidence on probation, possession, presumption of marriage bed, and confession. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Legal-Jurisprudential Analysis of Conditional Sale Option in Relation to Transactions with Right of Restitution
Saeed Karami

Abstract: There is divergence of opinions on contracting or pledging in optional sale. Imamiyah jurists endorse the act and consider it as an instance of sale in nature. Sunni jurists identify optional sale as bay’ al-Wafa or buyback sale, associating it with a pledge ( More

Abstract: There is divergence of opinions on contracting or pledging in optional sale. Imamiyah jurists endorse the act and consider it as an instance of sale in nature. Sunni jurists identify optional sale as bay’ al-Wafa or buyback sale, associating it with a pledge (rahn) contract. The conditional sale can be analyzed in two ways: First, the conditional sale involving the contractual relationship between mortgagor (seller) and mortgagee (buyer) stipulated in Article 34 of the Law on Registration of Deeds; Second, the conditional sale that does not govern the contractural relationship between the seller and buyer, and it is a real sale under articles 485-462 of the Law. The conditional sale governing the contractural relationship between the mortgagor and mortgagee is an instance of transaction with the right of restitution (Article 33 of the Law). This is why the law has considered the request for registration of the property in conditional sale as a right for the debtor, because in this type of conditional sale the buyer does not intend to conclude a contract of sale. Any negligence of this criterion will raise ambiguities: First, any conditional sale will be taken as the one with the right of restitution, whereas it is otherwise. Second, the real conditional sale has been well stipulated in Article 399 of the Civil Code; therefore, all sales stipulated in Article 399 of the Civil Code must be considered as the transactions with the right of restitution. It is clear that the existence of the element of option in a sale contract does not mean it is an instance of transaction with the right of restitution. Articles 33 and 34 of the Law on Registration of Deeds are not exclusive to provisions of Article 459, because this article is not about the conditional sale governing the contractual relationship between the mortgagor and mortgagee, whereas articles 33 and 34 of the Law govern such relationship. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - A Study of Conceptual Authority in Discerning the Condition of Banning Halal and Authorizing Haram in Imamiya Jurisprudence
Seyed Abolqasem Naqibi Sajjad Razaghi

The condition of banning Halal and authorizing of Haram is one of the most important discussions in Imamiya jurisprudence. Jurists consider the proviso enforceable in case the condition does not ban Halal nor authorize Haram. There is difference of opinion among them on More

The condition of banning Halal and authorizing of Haram is one of the most important discussions in Imamiya jurisprudence. Jurists consider the proviso enforceable in case the condition does not ban Halal nor authorize Haram. There is difference of opinion among them on conceptual authority in discerning the condition of banning Halal and authorizing Haram. Some jurists like Sheikh Ansari are of the opinion that the condition leading to authorization of an unchangeable rule on Haram and banning an unchangeable rule on Halal, shall be considered an instance of banning Halal and authorizing of Haram. Some other jurists, like Mohaqeq Yazdi and Nayini believe that the verdicts must first be divided into mandatory and conditional rules before expressing any authorization or banning. In mandatory rules, the late Naraqi – like Sheikh Ansari – only considers commitment to unchangeable rules (Wajib or religiously obligatory act and Haram or religiously forbidden) against the Book and Sunnah or tradition, however, commitment to act or avoid to act in permissible rules is allowed. Also, he says any change in conditional rules by setting a condition is against the Sharia law. Some other jurists, like Imam Khomeini, have resorted to the common law in expressing the quality of authority in its discernment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Study Validity and Reliability of Digital Citizenship Scale in Birjand City
Sadegh Hamedinasab Someyyeh Bakhshiparikhani

10.52547/jstpi.20903.17.68.34

Due to the growing number of new media, the number of digital citizens in society is increasing day by day. A digital citizen is a citizen who has the ability to use the online services provided by the government of each country to the best of his ability. The purpose o More

Due to the growing number of new media, the number of digital citizens in society is increasing day by day. A digital citizen is a citizen who has the ability to use the online services provided by the government of each country to the best of his ability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity and reliability of digital citizenship scale in Birjand city. The statistical population of this study was all individuals aged 18 years and older in Birjand city, of which 384 were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The instrument used in this research is a digital citizen questionnaire, Chui, Glassman and Kristol (2017). Content validity of the Persian version was verified according to the opinion of the experts. Factor structure of digital citizenship questionnaire was investigated using both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The exploratory factor analysis showed that 4 substances have high yields in more than one factor; these materials were eliminated, and finally the final model included four factors; Internet political activity, technological skills, critical and local-global awareness. It came out with 22 substances. For reliability of this tool, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used, which coefficient for its components was 0.79- 0.99. Given that the validity and reliability indicators of the Persian version of the Digital Citizen scale were all favorable, it can be used as a valid and reliable tool to identify digital citizens. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Psychometric Properties of the Profile of Emotional Competence: A Pilot Study
Negin Bakhshi Farideh Yousefi

Abstract The present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC) among Iranian students. To this end 518 high school female students were selected in 2019 academic year using cluster sampling metho More

Abstract The present study aimed to examine the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC) among Iranian students. To this end 518 high school female students were selected in 2019 academic year using cluster sampling method and they completed the profile of emotional competence (Brasseur, Grégoire, Bourdu, & Mikolajczak, 2013), cultural competence Questionnaire (Central Vancouver Island Multicultural Society, 2007), and satisfaction with life scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). To investigate validity, confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity were used. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed two-factor structure of the questionnaire and yielded two factors named as intra emotional competence and inter emotional competence. The correlation coefficients of the questionnaire scores with life satisfaction and cultural competence were 0.30 and 0.90 respectively. These results showed the convergent validity of the scale. To assess the reliability the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was used. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was in satisfactory level for each factor (α = 0.80 for intra emotional competence, and α = 0.78 for inter emotional competence), and the total score of the scale (α = 0.92). The findings suggest that the profile of emotional competence is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing emotional competence of Iranian high school students and can be used as a suitable instrument in psychological research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Psychometric Properties of the Profile of Emotional Competence
Negin Bakhshi Farideh Yousefi

The present study aimed at examining the validity, reliability, and the factor structure of the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC) among Iranian students. To this end, 518 high school female students were selected in the 2019 academic year using cluster sampling meth More

The present study aimed at examining the validity, reliability, and the factor structure of the Profile of Emotional Competence (PEC) among Iranian students. To this end, 518 high school female students were selected in the 2019 academic year using cluster sampling method, and they completed the Profile of Emotional Competence (Brasseur, Grégoire, Bourdu, & Mikolajczak, 2013), Cultural Competence Questionnaire (Central Vancouver Island Multicultural Society, 2007), and Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). To investigate the validity, the confirmatory factor analysis, and the convergent validity were used. The findings of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed a two-factor structure of the questionnaire and yielded two factors named as intra emotional competence and inter emotional competence. The correlation coefficients of the questionnaire scores with life satisfaction and cultural competence were 0.30 and 0.52 respectively. These results showed the convergent validity of the scale. To assess the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s alpha was used. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was in satisfactory level for each factor (α = 0.78 for intra emotional competence, and α = 0.80 for inter emotional competence), and the total score of the scale (α = 0.92). The findings suggest that the profile of emotional competence is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing emotional competence for Iranian high school students and can be used as a suitable instrument in psychological research. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire related to the health of Iranian adolescents with congenital heart disease
hassan erami hamidreza hassanabadi robabe noury Alireza Moradi Kourosh Vahidshahi

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire related to the health of Iranian adolescents with congenital heart disease. Participants were 180 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years with congenital heart disease and th More

The aim of this study was to determine the psychometric properties of the quality of life questionnaire related to the health of Iranian adolescents with congenital heart disease. Participants were 180 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years with congenital heart disease and their parents who referred to Shahid Rajaei Heart Hospital. Instruments were health-related quality of life questionnaire (PedsQL™) and general version quality of life questionnaire (PedsQL™) and general anxiety section of CSI-4 questionnaire. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data to evaluate the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. The findings of factor analysis indicated 7 factors in the Adolescent Questionnaire and the Proxy Report Questionnaire. The Adolescent and Proxy Health Quality of Life Questionnaires have an acceptable validity in Iranian society and can be used to assess their quality of life. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the six-factor model of achievement goals questionnaire in the students of the junior and senior high schools
Mohsen Arbezi Mahboubeh Fouladchang

The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the six-factor model of achievement goals questionnaire (Elliot et al., 2011) in the students of the junior and senior high schools. In order to investigate the validity and reliability of th More

The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the six-factor model of achievement goals questionnaire (Elliot et al., 2011) in the students of the junior and senior high schools. In order to investigate the validity and reliability of the achievement goals questionnaire in the junior high school students, 279 students in Evaz city (in the south of Fars province) who were studying in the academic year of 2020-2021, were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to the electronic version of the questionnaires of achievement goals (Elliot et al., 2011) and intrinsic motivation (Choi et al., 2010). Also, in order to investigate the validity and reliability of this questionnaire in the second group, 420 students were selected in the same city and academic year using the convenience sampling method and responded to the electronic version of the questionnaires of achievement goals (Elliot et al., 2011), academic self-regulation (Pintrich & DeGroot, 1990) and academic engagement (Reeve, 2013). Data were analyzed using SPSS-16 and AMOS-21 statistical software. The content, construct and convergent validity of the mentioned questionnaire were investigated using the opinion of educational psychology experts, confirmatory factor analysis and correlation coefficients of the component scores with related variables. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to investigate the reliability of the questionnaire. Experts confirmed the representativeness of the questionnaire items to measure the achievement goals in the six-factor model presented by Elliot et al. (2011). The achievement goals model test includes the components of task-approach, task-avoidance, self-approach, self-avoidance, other-approach, and other-avoidance, confirming the six-factor structure of this questionnaire according to the primary research. Also, the logical connection between the components of achievement goals with related variables indicates the convergent validity of this questionnaire. In addition, Cronbach's alpha coefficient confirms the reliability of the questionnaire. In total, the findings of the research show that the Persian version of the mentioned questionnaire is one of the suitable psychometric indicators for measuring the six components of achievement goals in two groups of students of the junior high school and senior high school students; And it has the necessary efficiency to measure the mentioned achievement goals. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The Investigating the Factor Structure and Psychometric Characteristics of Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale in Females
Nasim Zafargholizadeh Ali khademi Reza Tasbihsazan-Mashhadi

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Factor Structure and Psychometric Characteristics of Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale in females. This research have done using mixed-method in two qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative sect More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the Factor Structure and Psychometric Characteristics of Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale in females. This research have done using mixed-method in two qualitative and quantitative sections. In the qualitative section of the research, expert interviews included 7 experts on family and Couples therapy were conducted using structured interviews and semi -structured interviews that led to the extraction of primary indicators.The method of research in the quantitative part was descriptive –correlation. The statistical population included married females in Urmia in 2017, and 1000 of these females were selected by available sampling. The tools of the present study were Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale (EAPS) and Marital Happiness Scale (MHS). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. Based on exploratory factor analysis, five factors were identified: Family Properties, media, Sexual behavior style, Personality Traits and cognitive. Overall, the extracted factors accounted for 51/56% of the total variance of the test. Content validity, Structural validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to determine the validity. Fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis model, confirmed validity of this attitude scale. Its reliability through the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.88 obtained. Based on the findings Extramarital Affairs Proneness Scale is a valid and reliable tool and can be used in clinical and research situations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Psychometric Adequacy of Women's Sexual Well-being Scale in Married Women: Validity, Reliability and Factor Structure
reza chalmeh fatemeh abdolahi

10.52547/fash.2.1.29

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Female Sexual Well-Being Scale in Iranian married women. For this purpose, a sample of 297 married women (with a mean age of 33.7 years and an age range of 24 to 45 years) was More

The aim of this study was to investigate the validity, reliability and factor structure of the Female Sexual Well-Being Scale in Iranian married women. For this purpose, a sample of 297 married women (with a mean age of 33.7 years and an age range of 24 to 45 years) was selected by simple random sampling. The Psychological Well-Being Questionnaire (Reef, 1995) and Women's Sexual Well-Being Scale (Rosen et al., 2009) were completed by the sample group. The validity of this scale was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis methods, convergent and simultaneous validity. The reliability of the scale was evaluated by two methods of Cronbach's alpha and halving. The results of factor analysis using principal component method and varimax rotation showed that this scale consists of 4 factors with the titles of interpersonal relationships, cognitive-emotional domain, physical stimulation and orgasm satisfaction, which is more than 66% of the variance. They explain the whole. The convergent validity of this scale indicated a satisfactory correlation between the dimensions of the female sexual well-being scale and the total score. To determine the simultaneous validity of the scale, the correlation between the dimensions of the female sexual well-being scale and the psychological well-being scale was used, which indicated a favorable correlation (p <0.001). Cronbach's alpha and halving coefficients for the whole scale and its dimensions ranged from 0.63 to 0.82. The final result is that the Persian form of the Women's Sexual Welfare Scale has good validity and reliability in Iranian society and can be used in research, educational and clinical situations. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Normalization of the Cognitive Questionnaire about Body and Health (cabah)
فریده نرگسی farzad zandi alireza mokhberi maryam khadirzare

Dysfunctional beliefs about illness and physical symptoms have been identified as risk factors for health anxiety. The Body and Health Cognitions Questionnaire (CABAH) is one of the most comprehensive tools for measuring health cognition. The aim of this study was to st More

Dysfunctional beliefs about illness and physical symptoms have been identified as risk factors for health anxiety. The Body and Health Cognitions Questionnaire (CABAH) is one of the most comprehensive tools for measuring health cognition. The aim of this study was to standardize Questionnaire 30 of this questionnaire in Iran. The number of samples in this study included 869 male and female students with health anxiety in Sanandaj Azad University, Kurdistan University and Khorramabad University of Medical Sciences who were selected by convenience sampling. Were evaluated. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method and the construct validity was obtained by confirmatory factor analysis using Lizrel software. The Cronbach's alpha value of the whole questionnaire is 0.80, which indicates the appropriate internal consistency of the questionnaire. Also, the correlation between two parallel forms in the halving test for the CABAH questionnaire was 0.61, which is also acceptable. Therefore, in general, it can be said that the CABAH questionnaire has good reliability and can be used as a valid tool. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Construction and Normalization of computerized working memory test for children
AliAkbar Shariifi Hossein Zare

In the case of working memory in children, due to the basic challenges in evaluating it, there are few tools. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and standardizing a computerized working memory test for children. The method of this research is a d More

In the case of working memory in children, due to the basic challenges in evaluating it, there are few tools. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and standardizing a computerized working memory test for children. The method of this research is a descriptive study and test development. Among the first to sixth grade students of Shahrekord, 324 students were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and were measured by computerized working memory test for children. The results of exploratory factor analysis using principal component analysis with varimax rotation showed that 9 subscales explained 86.54% of the variance of the data. The first, second, third, and fourth factors explained 29.42, 19.78, 18.86, and 18.49 percent of variance, respectively. Also, the test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.814 was obtained for the whole test and the correlation between Working Memory Test Battery for Children and the computerized working memory test for children in the range of 0.513 to 0.791. In total, the findings of the research showed that computerized working memory test for children has satisfactory psychometric properties in the Iranian children's pupulation, which can be used to measure children's working memory. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Making and Survey of Psychometric Features of Psychological-Marital Problems Questionnaire (PMPQ) in Women Who Field for a Divorce with a History of Early Marriage: A Mixed Study
seyed javad seifi Ghozlu Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi ALI rezaei sharif Ali Sheykholeslami

The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on marriage problems in women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage. The present research method is an exploratory-confirmatory design and consists of two stages. The first step is th More

The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on marriage problems in women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage. The present research method is an exploratory-confirmatory design and consists of two stages. The first step is the qualitative method and the exploratory method is used to make the tool. For this purpose, while interviewing 15 women applicants for divorce in the form of interviews with focus groups to the theoretical extent of data saturation, the initial form of the questionnaire was prepared. In the second stage of the research, using a quantitative method, the validity and reliability of the Questionnaire were investigated. For this purpose, 160 people were selected by available sampling from among women who field for a divorce with a history of early marriage in Ardabil in 1399, and completed the psychological-marital problems questionnaire and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Hudson Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire (1992). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods using SPSS and AMOS software. The results showed that the psychological-marital problems questionnaire contained 28 questions and 7 approved dimensions, which are: Anxiety, depression, confusion, insecurity and pessimism, nostalgia and loss, lack of mutual understanding and marital conflict. Calculation of validity and reliability of the questionnaire showed that this Questionnaire has high validity and reliability. Therefore, it can be used in research and evaluation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Investigating the Influence of Human Resources Management Activities on Customer Loyalty in the Hoteling Industry Using a Multilevel Approach
zahra Nikkhah-Farkhani Mohammad shaykhzade

10.52547/journalitor.36121.11.21.1

Considering the fact that customer loyalty is regarded as one of the most important concerns of hotel managers, this study sought to investigate the influence of human resources management activities on customer loyalty using a multi-level approach. The statistical popu More

Considering the fact that customer loyalty is regarded as one of the most important concerns of hotel managers, this study sought to investigate the influence of human resources management activities on customer loyalty using a multi-level approach. The statistical population of the study comprised of managers, staff, and customers of four-star and five-star hotels in Mashhad. Moreover, the statistical sample size of the research at the organization level consisted of thirty-four, one-hundred and forty, two-hundred and forty managers, staff, and customers at organizational, staff, and customer levels, respectively. On the other hand, Sam’s 12-item questionnaire (2008) and the 17-item questionnaire developed by Al-Rafiei et al. (2013) were used to measure the human resources management activities and the staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, respectively, whose validity and reliability was tested using the Content validity method and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Finally, HLM 7.02 and the SPSS software were used to analyse the collected data. The results proved the positive influence of human resources management activities on the staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, and in turn, on the satisfaction and loyalty of the customers. Therefore, it could be argued that hotel managers can increase the loyalty of their customers by emphasizing human resource management activities and improving their staff’s satisfaction and loyalty, which would increase the profitability of hotels in the long term by reducing marketing costs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The relationship of Quran with Traditions
علی نصیری

Objective(s): There are four ideologies regarding the validity and Manbaee’at (being the primary source) of Quran and the traditions: 1) Quran-orienticism discusses that the only source for perceiving religion is the Holy Quran. 2) Tradition-orienticism argues that re More

Objective(s): There are four ideologies regarding the validity and Manbaee’at (being the primary source) of Quran and the traditions: 1) Quran-orienticism discusses that the only source for perceiving religion is the Holy Quran. 2) Tradition-orienticism argues that resorting to the Infallibles’(AS) Sunnah is the only source for learning about religion. 3) Quran-orienticism and Tradition-orienticism focuses on the issue that Tradition is the same as Quran in validity and Manbaee’at. 4) Double-orienticism says that Tradition is infereior to Quran with respect to validity and Manbaee’at. Method(s): the present research is based on a descriptive-exploratory method. Thus , for deduction of the Quranic data, the writer has analyzed the content of the Quran. Conclusion : The followers of Quraniyoon movement are in favor of the first ideology while the Akhbaris supports the second one. Allameh Tabatabaee and Shatebi are among the followers of the third ideology. The writer of this article has attemped to address the fourth one. Based on Double-orienticism ideology tradition wit respect to validity and Mabaee’t possses independence. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of Persian Version of Premenstrual Coping Measure
Marziyeh Sadeghzadeh Meral Jafari Negar Ghomatipour

The present study was conducted with the aim of introducing and investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Premenstrual Coping Measure (PMCM (. This research, in terms of method, is a descriptive-cross-sectional-correlation study that its po More

The present study was conducted with the aim of introducing and investigating the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Premenstrual Coping Measure (PMCM (. This research, in terms of method, is a descriptive-cross-sectional-correlation study that its population included all the female students in Salman Farsi University of Kazeroon in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sample group included 303 female students who were selected by the available sampling method and actually participated in the present research by answering the online questionnaire. This questionnaire, in addition to the Persian version of the PMCM, included the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, Multidimensional Health Locus of Control-C, and the Menstrual Attitude Questionnaire. Research data has been analyzed in SPSS-22, AMOS-22 and JASP-09. The results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis have confirmed the existence of a five-factor structure in the scores obtained from the Persian version of the premenstrual coping strategies scale. The values of Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald's omega also showed good internal consistency in the total scale and its five subscales. The correlation coefficients between PMCM, and three other research tools, while confirming the construct validity, suggested a close relationship between premenstrual strategies and an internal locus control for health and an attitude based on expectation and prediction of menstruation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Studying factors affecting communication skills in government organizations
Davood Kiakojouri

Organizational communication includes a process in which two or more units of a group exchange the information they need through an exchange of opinions, and since communication is one of the primary elements of management, managers must communicate effectively with the More

Organizational communication includes a process in which two or more units of a group exchange the information they need through an exchange of opinions, and since communication is one of the primary elements of management, managers must communicate effectively with the people of the group or their peers at different levels. establish that this research is a mixed research design of an exploratory type, so quantitative and qualitative data are combined with each other by the method of connecting data, that is, connecting two sets of data by building one on the basis of the other. In the following, using in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 15 managers of the national sample using the snowball interview technique, and after theoretical ghosting, the collected data sets were organized using MAXQDA10 software and coding techniques. Then, for scaling, the calculation of face validity, content validity (CVR) and (CVI) and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used, and by distributing 500 questionnaires among 25 executive bodies of Gilan province and collecting 429 questionnaires, hypotheses were tested using the Pearson correlation method. Conducting and confirming all hypotheses and the final research model for the communication skills of managers in government organizations including information exchange, feedback, situational, technology application, analytical-perceptual, cognitive-behavioral and social skills were presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Fundamentals of Validity of Ownability in Imamiyah Jurisprudence and Positive Laws
Mohammad Mohammad Baramai سيدحسن داودالموسوی

Understanding the fundamentals of ownability of a property is important in distinguishing property from non-property. Since jurists of Imamiyah jurisprudence have no consensus on definition of ownability of a property and the Civil Law has not specified what the proper More

Understanding the fundamentals of ownability of a property is important in distinguishing property from non-property. Since jurists of Imamiyah jurisprudence have no consensus on definition of ownability of a property and the Civil Law has not specified what the property is by definition, the importance of understanding the fundamentals of ownability of a property has further come to light. This paper intends to find a unified criterion for validity of ownability of a property, analyze the criteria set by the jurists, and investigate the strengths and weak points of the expressed criteria. The criterion thus achieved helps distinguishing property from non-property in doubtful cases. Such power of distinction helps us in various issues since ownability is a matter of credibility and the right understanding of ownability and its attachments depends upon acquiring knowledge on credit concepts and its specifications. Therefore, this paper points to some instances of credits. The author of this paper is of the opinion that the major criterion for understanding ownability is the rational approach toward this subject and other criteria expressed are either problematic or abundant. The paper has finally discussed available solutions in case doubts appear in conventional and legal ownability of a property. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The main components of evaluating the credibility of users according to organizational goals in the life cycle of big data
Sogand Dehghan shahriyar mohammadi rojiar pirmohamadiani

Social networks have become one of the most important decision-making factors in organizations due to the speed of publishing events and the large amount of information. For this reason, they are one of the most important factors in the decision-making process of inform More

Social networks have become one of the most important decision-making factors in organizations due to the speed of publishing events and the large amount of information. For this reason, they are one of the most important factors in the decision-making process of information validity. The accuracy, reliability and value of the information are clarified by these networks. For this purpose, it is possible to check the validity of information with the features of these networks at the three levels of user, content and event. Checking the user level is the most reliable level in this field, because a valid user usually publishes valid content. Despite the importance of this topic and the various researches conducted in this field, important components in the process of evaluating the validity of social network information have received less attention. Hence, this research identifies, collects and examines the related components with the narrative method that it does on 30 important and original articles in this field. Usually, the articles in this field are comparable from three dimensions to the description of credit analysis approaches, content topic detection, feature selection methods. Therefore, these dimensions have been investigated and divided. In the end, an initial framework was presented focusing on evaluating the credibility of users as information sources. This article is a suitable guide for calculating the amount of credit of users in the decision-making process. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - Reliability and Validity of the Short Form of the Reflective Function Questionnaire
Fatemeh Arab Ali doosti محمود دهقانی maryam roshan somayeh robat mili

<p>The aim of this study was to validate or determine the psychometric properties of the Reflection Function Questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included all students of Payam Noor universities in West Azerbaijan (Miandoab, Shahindej, Bukan, Urmia) a More

<p>The aim of this study was to validate or determine the psychometric properties of the Reflection Function Questionnaire. The statistical population of this study included all students of Payam Noor universities in West Azerbaijan (Miandoab, Shahindej, Bukan, Urmia) and Tabriz who were studying in the academic year 2017-2018. Among them, 570 people were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling, and answered the 8-question Reflective Function Questionnaire (RFQ). The collected data was randomly divided into two equal parts (n=285) for exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The results obtained from exploratory factor analysis with principal components and oblimin rotation showed a two-factor structure which were named certainty and uncertainty. The amount of eigenvalue for certainty and uncertainty were 2.04 and 1.39, respectively. Also, the first factor (certainty) and the second factor (uncertainty) explained 25.56 and 13.42 percent of the variance of scores. The results of confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the bifactor structure (χ2=76.12, df=48, P=0.01; GFI=0.98; AGFI=0.96; CFI=0.98; RMSEA=0.03). Cronbach's alpha coefficients for factors were 0.78 and 0.76, respectively. In addition, the retest results for certainty and uncertainty factors were 0.76 and 0.73, respectively, and the composite reliability index for these two factors were 0.88 and 0.86, respectively. The results of Pearson's correlation to examine convergent validity with attachment styles and Emotion regulation difficulty showed that there is a significant relationship between these variables at the 0.01 level. Also, using the Fornell and Locker index, the discriminant validity of RFQ was confirmed. According to the obtained results, the validity and reliability of the Persian version of RFQ can be confirmed.</p> Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - The Psychometric Properties of Benjamin`s Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Questionnaire Introject Surface (Self-Concept)
sara mirzaei feizabadi habib hadian fard Mohammad Reza Taghavi Mehdi Reza Sarafraz

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surface (self-concept) in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The study participants were 324 students (185 girls More

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surface (self-concept) in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The study participants were 324 students (185 girls and 139 boys) who were studying in the second semester of 2023 academic year, and completed Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surfase (self-concept), Beck Depression Inventory-II (1996), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988) and Beck Suicide Scale Ideation (1988). The Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS-26 and AMOS-25 software. The results show the reliability of this questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Spearman's and Guttman's correlation coefficients in the split-half method, as well as its validity through the convergent coefficients of the dimensions of this questionnaire with other valid tests and finally the construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that Benjamin`s SASB-self-concept (Introject) questionnaire has very good reliability and validity in Iranian students. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Comparative Study Of Suspension Of Validity Conditions From The Perspective Of Imam Khomeini And Ayatollah Khoei
Farshid Khosravi

10.61186/ahrar.45874.4.7.1

Although the ruling on the suspension of validity conditions in contracts is clear and unambiguous among legal scholars, and even though according to Articles 699 and 1068 of the Civil Code, suspension in divorce and warranty is invalid, their suspension based on validi More

Although the ruling on the suspension of validity conditions in contracts is clear and unambiguous among legal scholars, and even though according to Articles 699 and 1068 of the Civil Code, suspension in divorce and warranty is invalid, their suspension based on validity conditions is acceptable to legislators and legal scholars. For example, according to Article 700 of the Civil Code, the suspension of warranty based on its validity conditions does not invalidate the contract. However, since in Imami jurisprudence and among jurists, the suspension of a contract is subject to certain conditions, including its validity conditions, there is a difference of opinion among jurists regarding the validity or invalidity of such a suspensive condition. In this research, using a descriptive and analytical method, the views of the late Imam Khomeini and the late Khoei, two prominent contemporary jurists, have been examined on this issue. Based on the analysis of the opinions of these jurists, it can be concluded that although these two great scholars have different views on whether suspension invalidates a contract in its creation or origin, they agree on the ruling of suspension based on validity conditions in a contract. The difference is that unlike Khoei, who explicitly stated the ruling on such a condition, Imam Khomeini did not directly refer to this issue, and the ruling on the validity of this condition can be inferred from his fatwas. Manuscript profile

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