List of Articles Social Support

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  1 - Mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between perceived social support and entrepreneurial spirit of undergraduate students at University of Birjand
  reyhane ebrahimabadi
  The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between perceived social support and the entrepreneurial spirit of undergraduate students at University of Birjand. The research method was descriptive-corre More

  The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological empowerment in the relationship between perceived social support and the entrepreneurial spirit of undergraduate students at University of Birjand. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the statistical population consisted of 8304 undergraduate students of University of Birjand, that 340 people by using simple random sampling and based on Morgan's table were selected. The Perceptual Social Support Questionnaire (Zimet et al., 1988), Spreitzer and Mishra Psychological Empowerment Questionnaire (1995), and the Patrice and Attitude Entrepreneurship Questionnaire (1394) were used. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts. The reliability coefficients of the questionnaires were assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and 0.99 for social support, 0.98 for entrepreneurial spirit and 0.89 for psychological empowerment. Data analysis were done at descriptive level (frequency, mean, standard deviation) and inferential level (Pearson correlation, analysis of variance, regression and structural equation modeling). The results indicated that socially supported social support predicts entrepreneurial spirit (Beta=0.19), and predicts psychological empowerment (Beta= 0.42). Psychological empowerment is also a predictor of entrepreneurial spirit (Beta= 0.42). The findings showed that psychological empowerment plays a mediating role between perceived social support and entrepreneurial spirit and the research model has a good fit. According to the research results, social protection of family, friends and people has a reverse and significant relation with the entrepreneurial spirit of individuals. So that, by increasing the amount of social support, the entrepreneurial spirit of people decreases. The results also indicate a direct and significant relationship between social support and psychological empowerment.   Manuscript profile
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  2 - Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Quality of Life
  Mohammad Ali Besharat Samira Keshavarz Masoud Gholamali Lavasani Elham Arabi
  The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and quality of life. The method of present study was descriptive-correlational and population comprised general population of Sh More

  The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and quality of life. The method of present study was descriptive-correlational and population comprised general population of Shiraz city. Three handred and ninety one individuals (182 men, 209 women) were selected through convenience sampling method. Subjects were asked to complete the Schema Questionnaire (Young & Brown, 1999), Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF, 1998) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (Zimet, et al, 1988). Data analysis was accomplished by path analysis. Results showed that perceived social support has mediating role between disconnection/ rejection domain, impaired limits domain (p<0/01) and being other-directed domain (p<0/05) with quality of life. Based on findings, it can be concluded that early maladaptive schemas influence quality of life through perceived social support. Therefore, perceived social support and early maladaptive schemas should be the core of clinical focus in improving quality of life. Manuscript profile
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  3 - The Relationship between Mental Security, Social Support and Resiliency with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
  Parvane Shojaeimehr Khodamorad Momeni Jahangir Karami
  The aim of the current study was to study the the relationship between mental security, social support and resiliency with post traumatic stress disorder. Thus, 130 students in Sarpol-e Zahab city who were at high schools were chosen using convenient sampling method More

  The aim of the current study was to study the the relationship between mental security, social support and resiliency with post traumatic stress disorder. Thus, 130 students in Sarpol-e Zahab city who were at high schools were chosen using convenient sampling method the sample was proportional to demographic share of each region. The research method, was descriptive and correlation, and the scales included were Mental Security Logbook (Aminpour-retrieved from Maslow, Social Support Scale Sherborne and Stewart, Conor & Davidson Resiliency Scale and revised scale The Events Impact of the Weiss and Marmer. The data was analyzed using pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that, there was a negative relationship between mental security with post-traumatic stress disorder, between social support and ptsd, and between resiliency with ptsd. Manuscript profile
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  4 - The Role of Alexithymia to Predict High-Risk Behaviors based on Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support
  marzieh farzadnia
  The present research that is a descriptive and correlational study, aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support in relation between Alexithymia and tendency to high-risk behaviors in master degree girl students of one of the universities in Qom c More

  The present research that is a descriptive and correlational study, aimed to investigate the mediating role of perceived social support in relation between Alexithymia and tendency to high-risk behaviors in master degree girl students of one of the universities in Qom city who were studied in the year 2017-2016, was implemented. 470 students were selected in two phases by stratified and cluster random sampling, and completed multidimensional scale of P\perceived social support (MSPSS), Toronto alexithymia scale -20 (TAS-20), and scale of Iranian adolescents risk-taking scale (IARS). Analysis of data was done by using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis by using software SPSS 22 and Lisrel 8/72. According to the results, perceived social support had meaningful negative correlation with tendency to high-risk behaviors and alexithymia had meaningful positive correlation with tendency to high-risk behaviors. Path analysis showed that perceived social support had a mediating role in the relation between alexithymia and its tendency to high-risk behaviors. The findings of this research can be used to identify individuals who expose at risk and by strengthening emotional intelligence and relational and social skills, also, with strengthening perceived social support in individual with alexithymia can reduce tendency to high-risk behaviors. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Protection of Children from Violence in The Context of International Instruments
  Arian Petoft
  Because in preadolescence and adolescence, various physical and mental dimensions of the child are being formed and developed, childhood is the most sensitive and influential period of each person's life. Therefore, maintaining and guaranteeing the growth and physical a More

  Because in preadolescence and adolescence, various physical and mental dimensions of the child are being formed and developed, childhood is the most sensitive and influential period of each person's life. Therefore, maintaining and guaranteeing the growth and physical and mental health of the child is very important. Children should never experience domestic and social violence, and this is at the heart of international directives. Current international law obliges governments to protect all children from all forms of violence. Violence against children knows no bounds, and today it transcends race, class, religion, and culture, and there are children in all countries of the world who are always exposed to fear and experience of violence. In any case, this article is an attempt to provide a comprehensive answer to the question of what are the most important legal protections of international instruments, especially the Convention and the Declaration against Cases of Violence against Children. Thus, the present study step by step identifies and explains the most important fundamental rights of children in the context of international law. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Evaluate the Effects of Service Innovation, Social Media Marketing, and Social Support on Value Co-creation
  akbar hoshyar Alireza Rousta
  The present research has evaluated the effects of service innovation, social media marketing and social support on value co-creation in Iran Khodro Company.This research is based on the achievement of the development-applicative type and based on the objectives of the d More

  The present research has evaluated the effects of service innovation, social media marketing and social support on value co-creation in Iran Khodro Company.This research is based on the achievement of the development-applicative type and based on the objectives of the descriptive type of the case that the necessary data has been collected by the survey method. The statistical population of the research consisted of two sections, in the first section, all the customers of Iran Khodro Company in the 5 districts of Tehran, and in the second section, the employees of the agencies in the mentioned areas were included. 384 people and 50 people were selected based on available random sampling in the customer section using non-probability quota sampling method. Regarding the theoretical foundations and background of the research, using library resources and in the field part, the tool for collecting information is a standard questionnaire. The data were analyzed by structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software. The results of research hypotheses indicate that social media marketing, service innovation has an effect on value co-creation from both customers and employees, and the effect of social support on value co-creation is confirmed by employees but not by customers. Not approved. Therefore, focusing on innovation in services, organizations should try to strengthen value co-creation through social media marketing and social support from both the perspective of employees and customers. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Domestic Legal Order in Response to Violence against Children
  Arian Petoft
  Background and Aim: Childhood is the most sensitive period of human life in which various physical and mental dimensions of individuals are formed and developed. Hence, it is crucially important to maintain children's physical-mental health. In the present article, an a More

  Background and Aim: Childhood is the most sensitive period of human life in which various physical and mental dimensions of individuals are formed and developed. Hence, it is crucially important to maintain children's physical-mental health. In the present article, an attempt is made to depict the general outline of the domestic legal normative order in response to violence against children. Method: This study has been done in a descriptive-analytical way by using the library resources and especially laws. Results: Children should never be exposed to violent domestic or social situations and experience child abuse. Since children today will be responsible for society in the future, and the progress and development of the country depend on their proper upbringing and development; therefore, the issue of violence against children, which causes great harm to it, is of special concern to Iran's laws. Conclusion: In the current legal system, the response to violence against children knows no boundaries; today, there are various examples, such as violent physical and psychological punishment, parental neglect, exploitation, unhealthy cyberspace, drop out, pornography and pressures of poverty. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Investigation of Demand-Resources-Support Job Design Model in the Industrial, Financial, Healthcare, and Public Workplaces
  Hamidreza Oreyzi
  To investigate the effects of job demands on employees in job design, several models have been developed. One of these models is demand-resource-support model. It seems that this model varies in different organizational workplaces because of special features of these se More

  To investigate the effects of job demands on employees in job design, several models have been developed. One of these models is demand-resource-support model. It seems that this model varies in different organizational workplaces because of special features of these settings. This study was conduc-ted to investigate the demand-resources-support job design model in the industrial, financial, healthcare, and public workplaces. The re-search samples were selected from four sec-tors, namely industry (n=928), healthcare (n=526), financial department (n=483), and public organizations (n=582). The samples res-ponded to research instruments consisting of Time, Physical Effort, Autonomy, Skill Utili-zation, Social Support, Occupational Safety, Task Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Fatigue Questionnaires. Evaluation of measurement equivalence in four selections were tested via factor invariance technique. The re-sults showed that the six-factor model has a better fit than other models both in terms of the chi square indexes (respectively, in industry=1.85, in hospitals=1.67, in business =1.71, in governmental organizations =1.92) and in terms of absolute and detailed indexes (in all four groups, these values only reach to optimal levels=0.90 in the fifth model), as well as in terms of residual indexes (the amounts in all four groups in the fifth model were less than 0.04). The results showed that, in all four sections, skill utilization predicts task satis-faction and organizational commitment. The required time factor predicts the fatigue, and social support predicts all three variables of task satisfaction, organizational commitment, and fatigue. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Investigation of Demand-Resources-Support Job Design Model in the Industrial, Financial, Healthcare, and Public Workplaces
  Hamidreza Oreyzi hajar barati
  To investigate the effects of job demands on employees in job design, several models have been developed. One of these models is demand-resource-support model. It seems that this model varies in different orga-nizational workplaces because of special fea-tures of these More

  To investigate the effects of job demands on employees in job design, several models have been developed. One of these models is demand-resource-support model. It seems that this model varies in different orga-nizational workplaces because of special fea-tures of these settings. This study was conduc-ted to investigate the demand-resources-sup-port job design model in the industrial, finan-cial, healthcare, and public workplaces. The re-search samples were selected from four sec-tors, namely industry (n=928), healthcare (n=526), financial department (n=483), and public organizations (n=582). The samples res-ponded to research instruments consisting of Time, Physical Effort, Autonomy, Skill Utili-zation, Social Support, Occupational Safety, Task Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment,and Fatigue Questionnaires. Evaluation of mea-surement equivalence in four selections were tested via factor invariance technique. The re-sults showed that the six-factor model has a better fit than other models both in terms of the chi square indexes (respectively, in indus-try=1.85, in hospitals=1.67, in business =1.71, in governmental organizations =1.92) and in terms of absolute and detailed indexes (in all four groups, these values only reach to optimal levels=0.90 in the fifth model), as well as in terms of residual indexes (the amounts in all four groups in the fifth model were less than 0.04). The results showed that, in all four sections, skill utilization predicts task satis-faction and organizational commitment. The required time factor predicts the fatigue, and social support predicts all three variables of task satisfaction, organizational commitment, and fatigue. Manuscript profile
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  10 - The psychological problems in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the COVID-19 outbreak: the role of perceived social support, social problem-solving, and resilience
  Saeed Ariapooran Maryam Neisari
  The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of psychological problems of mothers of ADHD children in the COVID-19 outbreak: the role of social support, social problem-solving and resilience. 136 mothers participated in the study by convenience sampling More

  The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of psychological problems of mothers of ADHD children in the COVID-19 outbreak: the role of social support, social problem-solving and resilience. 136 mothers participated in the study by convenience sampling method and completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, Revised Social Problem-Solving Inventory (Short Form) and resilience scale (Short Form) were used to collect the data. Descriptive results showed that 41.91% of mothers had moderate to very severe depression, 58.82% had moderate to very severe anxiety, and 49.27% had moderate to very severe stress. There is a significant negative relationship between social support, positive social problem-solving styles (positive orientation and logical style) and resilience with psychological problems and a negative relationship between negative social problem-solving styles with psychological problems. The stepwise regression results confirmed the significant role of negative social problem-solving styles, positive social problem-solving styles, resilience and social support in predicting the psychological problems of mothers of ADHD children in the Covid-19 outbreak, respectively. Based on the results, strengthening the social support and paying attention to psychological strategies based on positive social problem solving and resilience to reduce the psychological problems of mothers with ADHD children is recommended. Manuscript profile
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  11 - The mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between identity styles and perceived social support with academic commitment
  mitra mashallahi Mahboubeh Fouladchang
  The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between identity styles and perceived social support with academic commitment. The research method was a descriptive correlational study using path analysis. The st More

  The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between identity styles and perceived social support with academic commitment. The research method was a descriptive correlational study using path analysis. The statistical population of this research included undergraduate students of Tabriz university during the academic year of 2021-2022. For this purpose, 300 students were selected using available sampling method. Data were collected using academic commitment scale (Human-Vogel and Rabe, 2015), berzonsky identity style inventory(Berzonsky,1992), perceived social support scale (Zimet et al.,1988) Academic self-efficacy Questionnaire (Owen and froman, 1988). The results showed that the research model fit well with the data collected. The results indicated that informative and normative identity styles can directly predict higher academic commitment and academic self-efficacy while Diffuse-avoidant style can directly and negatively predict academic commitment and academic self-efficacy Findings also showed that academic self-efficacy and perceived social support from family, friends and Significant others can directly and positively predict academic commitment. Besides, the research hypothesis regarding the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between identity styles and perceived social support with academic commitment was confirmed. Overall, the findings suggest that identity styles and perceived social support play an important role in predicting academic commitment Manuscript profile
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  12 - The Comparison of Resilience and Perceived Social support in infertile women with High and Low Levels of Infertility Stigma
  mahdieh shafieetabar
  This study aimed to compare resilience and perceived social support in infertile women with high and low levels of infertility stigma. The design of the present study was a descriptive and causal-comparative design. The statistical population was infertile women who ref More

  This study aimed to compare resilience and perceived social support in infertile women with high and low levels of infertility stigma. The design of the present study was a descriptive and causal-comparative design. The statistical population was infertile women who referred to Jihad Arak University's Royan Infertility Center in 1401. 98 infertile women were selected as the research sample by available and purposeful sampling method (49 infertile women with high and 49 infertile women with low levels of infertility stigma). Participants answered the Infertility Stigma Consciousness Questionnaire, Resilience Scale and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. The present study showed that infertile women with high levels of infertility stigma had significantly lower scores than the comparing group in resilience and perceived social support (P<0.05). Findings of this study clarify the importance of paying attention to psycho-social factors in dealing with the stigma of infertility. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Comparison of Resilience, Mindfulness and Perceived Social Support in Mothers of Children with ADHD and Learning Disabilities, with Mothers of Normal Children in Shiraz
  reza chalmeh Khadijeh arjmandi
  The aim of this study was to compare resilience, mindfulness and perceived social support in mothers of children with ADHD, learning disabilities and normalcy in Shiraz. Methodology: The statistical population of the present study was the mothers of children with Attent More

  The aim of this study was to compare resilience, mindfulness and perceived social support in mothers of children with ADHD, learning disabilities and normalcy in Shiraz. Methodology: The statistical population of the present study was the mothers of children with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder, Learning Disabilities and Normal in Shiraz. Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder, 52 mothers with children with learning disabilities and 54 mothers with normal children were selected and the Resilience Questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003), Mindfulness Questionnaire (Walch et al., 2006) and Social Support were selected. Perceived (Zimet et al., 1988). Data were analyzed using Levin test method (to check the homogeneity of variances), and multivariate analysis of variance (to check the differences between variables in the study group) and SPSS-24 software. Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between resilience, mindfulness and perceived social support between mothers of children with ADHD and learning disabilities with mothers of normal children; In a way, mothers of normal children had more resilience, mindfulness and social support. Conclusion: The final results showed that in the areas of resilience and mindfulness, mothers of hyperactive children / attention deficit and learning disabilities need resilience and mindfulness-based education and special rehabilitation programs to increase Perceived social support is needed. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Presenting a model of psychological helplessness in infertile women based on cognitive flexibility and psychological hardiness with the mediating role of perceived social support
  Fatemeh Hemmati فریده  انصافداران Seyed Mehdi Hosseini
  The purpose of this study was to test the model of cognitive flexibility and psychological hardiness on psychological helplessness with mediation of perceived social support. The study was a correlation through structural equation modeling. The statistical population in More

  The purpose of this study was to test the model of cognitive flexibility and psychological hardiness on psychological helplessness with mediation of perceived social support. The study was a correlation through structural equation modeling. The statistical population included all infertile women in Shiraz, which was selected from 250 people with targeted sampling method as sample. The research data were collected by Lovibond and L0vibond psychological helplessness questionnaire(1995), Dennis and Vonder Wal's cognitive flexibility questionnaire(2010), Ahwaz psychological hardiness questionnaire(1377) and Zimet and colleagues perceived social support questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS and AMOS software. According to the findings, the coefficient of direct pathway of cognitive flexibility to psychological helplessness, cognitive flexibility to perceived social support and psychological hardiness for perceived social support was significant. The coefficient of two direct pathways of psychological hardiness to psychological helplessness and perceived social support to psychological helplessness and also the indirect pathway coefficient of cognitive flexibility to psychological helplessness and psychological hardiness to psychological helplessness through perceived social support is not significant. In order to reduce the psychological helplessness of infertile women, measures should be taken to improve and increase psychological hardiness, cognitive flexibility and perceived social support. Manuscript profile