List of Articles Muscle

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  1 - Biomarkers of myocardial and skeletal muscle diseases in small animals
  Maedeh Ghari Mahdieh  Zaeemi
  Muscle diseases can be either inherited or acquired that result from several different disease processes including; infectious, drug- and toxin-induced, and immune mediated, endocrine and metabolic disorders. Standard hematological and biochemical, immunologic, molecula More

  Muscle diseases can be either inherited or acquired that result from several different disease processes including; infectious, drug- and toxin-induced, and immune mediated, endocrine and metabolic disorders. Standard hematological and biochemical, immunologic, molecular, pathological tests are indicated to diagnosis and monitoring these diseases. From the biochemical tests, the serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, and serum concentration of lactate, myoglobin, troponins, natriuretic peptides, are measured. The aim of this study is to introduce biomarkers that used nowadays to detect skeletal muscle and myocardial damage in small animals. It also provides information on the structure, function, metabolism, reference values and applicability of these biomarkers to provide a better understanding of the health status of skeletal and myocardial muscles by choosing an appropriate biomarker. Manuscript profile
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  2 - The Effects of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation with Two Consecutive Soccer Games on Stress Oxidative and Muscle Injury Markers in Male Collegiate Soccer Players
  Ehsan Arabzadeh
  10.61186/jspac.19775.1.1.1
  Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 consumption for fourteen days on the response of some indicators of oxidative stress and muscle damage following two consecutive football matches in college players Materials and Methods: for this p More

  Background: This study aimed to investigate the effect of coenzyme Q10 consumption for fourteen days on the response of some indicators of oxidative stress and muscle damage following two consecutive football matches in college players Materials and Methods: for this purpose, 24 football players (with an average age of 20.08±12.1 years, a weight of 63.28±65.1 kg and a maximum oxygen consumption of 53.12± 0.98 ml /per /kg of body weight) The three groups were studied over a fourteen-day period. The control group did not receive these supplements and exercise activities, but the experimental groups included the placebo group (300 mg aspartame) and the coenzyme Q10 group (300 mg ubiquinone supplement) during the course in addition to receiving a placebo or supplement the two 90-minute football matches were less than 48 hours apart. Then, according to the research plan, blood samples were collected from the subjects in two stages 24 hours before and after the period and MDA, LDH, CK and AST indices were measured. Dependent t-test, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were also used. Results: The results showed a significant difference between serum coenzyme Q 10 supplementation with serum MDA (P = 0.000) and AST (P = 0.006) concentrations from two consecutive football matches, while LDH levels (P = 0.970) and serum CK (P = 0.911) did not change significantly. Conclusion: Overall, the results show that supplementing coenzyme Q10 before and during a two-week match can have anti-oxidant benefits, so it can be recommended to college soccer players. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Effect of beta-alanine supplementation on carnosine amount and muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities of bodybuilding athletes
  Amir Abbasi Shahin Riyahi Malayeri Seyed Kazem Mousavi Sadati
  10.61186/jspac.19831.1.1.11
  Background: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of one session of exhaustive activity with supplementation of beta-alanine on the level of carnosine and muscle strength of upper and lower extremities of bodybuilding athletes. Materials and Met More

  Background: The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of one session of exhaustive activity with supplementation of beta-alanine on the level of carnosine and muscle strength of upper and lower extremities of bodybuilding athletes. Materials and Methods: Twenty bodybuilders were randomly divided into two equal groups of 10 who were taking supplemental beta-alanine and placebo. The experimental group consumed beta-alanine for 21 days and the placebo group received dextrose. The level of carnosine and muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities were measured before and after supplementation. Blood sampling was done before and after supplementation after session of exhaustive workout. Paired t-test and ANCOVA were used for data analysis using SPSS 21 software at a significant level (p <0.05). Results: The results of paired t-test showed that in all three variables of lactate, carnosine and growth hormone only in the beta-alanine group, a significant change was observed between pre-test and post-test (P <0.05). And amount of these variables in the post-test showed a significant difference compared to the pre-test. Also, ANCOVA test results indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups of beta-alanine and placebo in all three variables (P <0.05). Conclusion: Beta-alanine supplementation with an exhaustive exercise session increases the level of carnosine in blood and hence increases the fatigue tolerance of bodybuilding athletes and ultimately improves the muscle strength of the upper and lower extremities of athletes and bodybuilders. Therefore, bodybuilders can use this supplement to improve their performance. Manuscript profile
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  4 - The Effect of One Session of the Exhaustive Exercise & Caffeine Consumption on Muscle Fatigue Levels & Anaerobic Power of the Professional Female Karatekas
  Reza behdari Soudabeh   Ghasemi Seyed Kazem Mousavi Sadati
  10.61186/jspac.21058.1.2.16
  Background: The results of some research studies have revealed the positive effect of the caffeine consumption on the muscle fatigue and anaerobic power of the athletes. According to these findings, the purpose of the present research study is investigating the effect o More

  Background: The results of some research studies have revealed the positive effect of the caffeine consumption on the muscle fatigue and anaerobic power of the athletes. According to these findings, the purpose of the present research study is investigating the effect of one session of exhaustive exercise and caffeine consumption on muscle fatigue levels and anaerobic power of the professional female karatekas. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 professional female karatekas who had at least been present in the Karate national team selected camp once, were chosen based on the entrance criteria and the purposive sampling. The samples were randomly divided into three homogeneous groups consisting of 10 individuals (two groups receiving the 6 and 9 milligrams of caffeine supplement for each kilogram of body weight) and the placebo (6 milligrams of dextrose for each kilogram of body weight). The blood samples were taken prior to and after the anaerobic exhaustive test of Cunningham and Faulkner. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results of the study revealed that there was a significant difference between the control and 9-miligram caffeine groups in all variables (P0.005). Finally, the results of the study demonstrated that there was a significant difference resulting from the effect of 6 and 9-milligrams caffeine amounts on the levels of lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, peak, average, anaerobic power and fatigue of the professional female karatekas (P0.005), though, there was no significant difference among the lactic acid, PH and the anaerobic power drop (P×0.005). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it is recommended that female karatekas use the 9-miligram dosage caffeine supplement for reducing the levels of muscle fatigue and increasing the anaerobic power and blood PH. Manuscript profile
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  5 - The effect of chocolate milk consumption on muscle damage enzymes of men professional football players
  Amir Rajabi Jahroodi Reza Behdari
  10.61186/jspac.38812.2.6.68
  Background: Muscle damage caused by exercise occurs in all sports activities with eccentric contractions. The aim of the research was the effect of consuming chocolate milk on muscle damage enzymes of men professional football players. Materials and Methods: 22 male so More

  Background: Muscle damage caused by exercise occurs in all sports activities with eccentric contractions. The aim of the research was the effect of consuming chocolate milk on muscle damage enzymes of men professional football players. Materials and Methods: 22 male soccer players (24.5 ± 1.2 years old) were voluntarily and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. The training protocol for two weeks, 3 sessions per week and each session for 60-90 minutes included speed/plyometric training (ladder legs, agility training and coordination training) followed by resistance training. Subjects used 672 ml of chocolate milk supplement after training. Blood samples were taken before starting the research protocol and 48 hours after the last training session. Analysis of covariance test was used at a significance level of p<0. 05. Results: Consuming chocolate milk caused a significant decrease in CK, LDH, AST, ALT, ALP and muscle pain in male soccer players (P = 0.001). Conclusion: According to the results, chocolate milk supplement can be used as a factor in reducing muscle damage enzymes in male football players. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Influence of Β-Hydroxy-Β-Methyl Butyrate Supplementation on Strength, Muscle and Liver-Damage Indices Induced by Dual Pyramid Resistance Training in Beginner Bodybuilders
  Soleyman  Ansari Shahram Gholamrezaei Fahimeh  AdibSaber Mohammad   Moradnia
  10.61186/jspac.38872.2.5.50
  Background: It has been suggested that ingesting supplements decrease muscle soreness, increase muscle strength, hypertrophy, and health-related indices. This study investigated the influence of 8-week β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation combined with a du More

  Background: It has been suggested that ingesting supplements decrease muscle soreness, increase muscle strength, hypertrophy, and health-related indices. This study investigated the influence of 8-week β-Hydroxy-β-Methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation combined with a dual pyramid resistance exercise program on strength, muscle, and liver-damage indices (ALT, AST, CK, and LDH) and body mass index (BMI) in beginner bodybuilders. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 beginner bodybuilders was randomized to an intervention group (resistance training + HMB supplementation) and a control group (resistance training + placebo) for 8 weeks. Blood samples and body measurements were taken at baseline and after the end of the intervention. The subjects were evaluated for BMI, 1 repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and leg press prior to and after the training intervention. In addition, blood samples were obtained before and after 8-week resistance training to evaluate creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (Johnson et al.) responses. Results: After 8 weeks of HMB ingestion, serum levels of CK (p<0.001), LDH (p<0.014), and ALT (p<0.009) of participants in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, The HMB group showed greater gains compared with the placebo group in 1RM leg and bench press (p<0.001). Regarding BMI and AST serum levels, there were no significant differences between groups. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that HMB supplementation may attenuate the resistance exercise-induced muscle and liver damage indices and have beneficial effects on muscle strength. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Muscular Adaptations in Exercise: A Narrative Review
  Daniel Tarmast
  10.61186/jspac.39741.2.6.12
  Nowadays, sports science uses scientific methods and medical devices to assist people with any improvements in sports. Muscle adaptations have significantly benefited as a result of the use of these advanced devices. It has been shown that neuromuscular electrical stimu More

  Nowadays, sports science uses scientific methods and medical devices to assist people with any improvements in sports. Muscle adaptations have significantly benefited as a result of the use of these advanced devices. It has been shown that neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) devices effectively improve muscle function. The use of NMES devices in exercise physiology shows that neuromuscular adaptation is a current research area in both athletes and non-athletes. This narrative review aims to address neuromuscular adaptations and describe neuromuscular changes based on research using NMES. Many researchers and sports trainers will benefit from the results of this article by better understanding neuromuscular adaptations. NMES training has been shown to be an effective way to improve muscle growth, maximum voluntary strength, neuronal drive, oxidative metabolism, and antioxidant defense systems. In addition, NMES is capable of regulating the homeostasis of muscle proteins and increasing oxidative enzyme activity. In animal models, it has also been shown to increase axonal outgrowth, fiber reinnervation, and motor axon regeneration. Various NMES methods may decrease age-related muscle atrophy and functional deterioration. The use of NMES, which is one of the most successful strategies for increasing athletic performance through neuromuscular adaptations, is one of the most promising areas of research. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Investigation of the Level of Consumption and the Effects of Sports Supplements on the Satisfaction and Performance Quality of Bodybuilding Athletes
  Mohamad  Ilanloo Alireza  Eizadi Behzad Divkan
  Background: The use of different kinds of dietary supplements is rising dramatically on a global scale these days. These substances include multifunctional performance-enhancing supplements, herbal supplements, and everyday vitamins. The main objective of this research More

  Background: The use of different kinds of dietary supplements is rising dramatically on a global scale these days. These substances include multifunctional performance-enhancing supplements, herbal supplements, and everyday vitamins. The main objective of this research is to find out how bodybuilding athletes' performance quality, muscle efficiency, and degree of satisfaction are affected by sports supplements. Materials and Methods: This study used a survey approach conducted in the field using a standardized questionnaire in conjunction with a descriptive-analytical research design. The study's statistical population included 131 participants who were among the top ten bodybuilding competitors at national championships. For statistical analysis, Friedman and linear regression tests were used after the data was collected. Results: The study results suggest that the majority of respondents concur that the use of sports supplements directly affects the functioning of body muscles. Moreover, the prolonged use of supplements that enhance weight and muscle volume has an increased effect on the performance of these athletes. The benefits of sports supplements are particularly noticeable throughout the second to fourth years of training for bodybuilding athletes as they continue to use these supplements. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that sports supplements have a discernible influence on muscle efficiency and the performance of bodybuilding athletes. Nevertheless, the use of sports supplements does not have a substantial impact on athlete satisfaction. Manuscript profile