Gorgan

Open Access Article

1 - Analysis of urban vulnerability passive defense in regional Cities a case study in Gorgan

Today, the comprehensive crisis management programs and projects Application of Passive Defense before, the intensity of the extent of the losses caused by such risks are significantly reduced. The measures to reduce the risk is to apply the principles of passive defens More

Today, the comprehensive crisis management programs and projects Application of Passive Defense before, the intensity of the extent of the losses caused by such risks are significantly reduced. The measures to reduce the risk is to apply the principles of passive defense, as well as to apply these measures can be used to reduce risk to natural hazards and man-made helpful. However, due to our country's geographical and political situation is always at risk of natural hazards and man-made threats (war) has been and heavy human casualties and financial losses incurred. Therefore and considering the importance of research, the aim of this study was to assess the vulnerability of utility with passive defense approach in Gorgan is the purpose of descriptive - analytical and field studies and subsequent zoning and overlay data layers ( IndexOverlay) software is used GIS spatial analysis. In this study, using five criteria of access, population density, dispersion police stations 10+, building density and spatial distribution of critical facilities Gorgan and delineate them and finally made use of overlapping layers, It was found that the northwestern city of Gorgan to focus on vital installations such as electricity distribution companies Province, the national broadcast of petroleum products and the District of vulnerability is more in need of measures, planned in the framework of passive defense is . Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The role of the active tectonics in geomorphic anomalies of Gorgan Rud - Gharasu basin
Agh- Atabai Nemati معصومه روستائی

The study area is located in north of eastern Alborz range. In this study, it was evaluated the pattern of neotectonic in eastern Alborz and the distribution of seismicity and geomorphic pattern of Southern Golestan province. To assess tectonic activities in 22 separat More

The study area is located in north of eastern Alborz range. In this study, it was evaluated the pattern of neotectonic in eastern Alborz and the distribution of seismicity and geomorphic pattern of Southern Golestan province. To assess tectonic activities in 22 separated subbasins, we have analysed neotectonic indices: the stream– gradient index (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), reveres symmetry of topography (T), hypsometric integral (Hi), drainage basin shape (Bs) and mountain front sinuosity (Smf). The results of the analysis is accumulated and expressed as an index of relative active tectonics (Iat), which divided into four classes from relatively low to highest tectonic activity. The high class values of tectonic activity for Iat mainly occur in the south and southwest of the Gorganrud- Gharasu drainage basin, while the rest of the study area has classes of Iat suggesting moderate to low tectonic activity. The rate of tectonic activity in this area will increase from north to south. This increase can be related to the position of peaks steam gradient index along the faults and segment faults. Also value of drainage basin asymmetry is calculated for all of the subcatechments greater or less than 50 that shows tilt for each stream toward West or East. The results of this study show that the distribution of seismicity, geomorphic and tectonic movements of studied area has been affected especially by Khazar and North Alborz faults movement and thrust fault in north of Gorgan. Areas with high tectonic activity and the high measure of tilting indicate that there may be a thrust fault, with a NNE-SSW approximate trend. On the other hand, this seismicity trend may be related to a deep and relatively young thrust splay in north of the Alborz range front. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit, south-east of Gorgan
Zahra Moridi

The Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit with more than 1 km long and about 8 m in thickness is located in 60 km south-east of Gorgan. The Shirinabad deposit has been developed as a stratiform horizon along the contact zone of Triassic dolomitic limestones and Jurassic sh More

The Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit with more than 1 km long and about 8 m in thickness is located in 60 km south-east of Gorgan. The Shirinabad deposit has been developed as a stratiform horizon along the contact zone of Triassic dolomitic limestones and Jurassic shales and sandstones. The basal contact zone of the horizon is mainly undulatory, whereas the upper contact zone is concordant with the hanging-wall shales and sandstones. The rocks within the horizon show pelitomorphic, microgranular, oolitic and pisolitic textures. Textural analysis indicates both allochthonous and autochtonous origins for the Shirinabad deposit. Based on textural and mineralogical evidences the deposit can be divided into four distinct units. Kaolinite, anatase, routile, bohemite, hematite, goethite and berthierine are the principal constituents. From geochemical data, it is concluded that the Shirinabad deposit probably originated from basaltic volcanic rocks. Combination of mineralogical and geochemical data shows that the Shirinabad deposit formed in two stages. First, bauxite materials and clay minerals were developed as authigenic bauxitization processes of alkaline basaltic parent rock. Then, these materials were transported to karst depressions and formed the Shirinabad clay-bauxite deposit. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Hydrogeochemistry of Gorganrood river in Gonbad-e-Kavoos district, Golestan province
Abbas Teimori گیتی فرقانی تهرانی Hadi Jabari Abdol Rez Kaboli

Rivers are the key resources for drinking and agricultural purposes and the assessment of water quality is very important. In this study, a detailed investigation has been made for identifying the natural and anthropogenic processes that offected the quality of Gorganro More

Rivers are the key resources for drinking and agricultural purposes and the assessment of water quality is very important. In this study, a detailed investigation has been made for identifying the natural and anthropogenic processes that offected the quality of Gorganrood and its tributaries water in the Gonbad-e-Kavoos district. The Gorganrood is the longest river in the Golestan province (NE of Iran). During previous years, various wastewaters (i.e. domestic, agricultural and industrial) produced in Gonbad-e-Kavoos district have been discharged into the Gorganrood. To evaluate the chemical quality of water in the study area, 37 water and 6 wastewater samples were collected. The physicochemical parameters including pH and EC were determined in situ by an EC/pH meters. The concentration of major ions was measured using the standard methods. The piper and Wilcox diagrams were used to assess the water type and water quality for irrigation, respectively. Scatter diagrams were used to assess the hydrochemical processes influencing the chemistry of the water samples. Results of this study indicate that the pH and EC values of the water samples decrease in the city district. This is due to the discharge of urban wastewaters with lower EC and pH values which leads to the dilution of the river water. The lower concentration of nitrate in water samples collected in the city district is probably due to the denitrification process. Results show that the prevailing water types of Gorganrood and its tributaries are Na-SO42- and Na-HCO3-, respectively. The entrance of tributaries enhances the Gorganrood water quality for drinking and agricultural puposes. Along the river course, the natural processes of halite- gypsum- anhydrite dissolution and ion exchange, as well as anthropogenic factors (discharge of agricultural and urban wastewaters) deteriorate the water quality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Hydrochemical evaluation and qualitative deterioration assessment of Gorganrud River
Mojtaba G.Mahmoodlu Nader Jandaghi Maryam Sayadi

In this study, the hydrochemical evolution and qualitative deterioration of Gorganrud River water were investigated in a distance of approximately 100 km from the northern margin of the Alborz highlands to Gorgan Gulf. For this purpose, the analysis results of elven phy More

In this study, the hydrochemical evolution and qualitative deterioration of Gorganrud River water were investigated in a distance of approximately 100 km from the northern margin of the Alborz highlands to Gorgan Gulf. For this purpose, the analysis results of elven physicochemical parameters related to four hydrometric stations over a ten-year statistical period were used. Gibbs, Stiff, Piper, Durov diagrams as well as five saturation indices for carbonate, sulfate and chloride minerals were used to study the hydrochemical evolution of the river. Water quality changes in drinking (using Schoeller Diagram), agricultural (using Wilcox Diagram), and industrial (using corrosion indices) sectors along the Gorganrud River were also investigated. In this study, F test and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to analyze the variance of data and the number of factors affecting water hydrochemistry, respectively. The results showed that rock-water reaction, evaporation, and Gorgan Gulf saline water intrusion are the most important factors controlling the river water chemistry. Also, the water dominant type of Gorganrud River at the highlands margin is bicarbonate and as it enters the plain, it tends to reach full maturity, the type of sodium chloride. At all stations, river water is supersaturated with respect to calcite and dolomite but it is under saturated respect to anhydrite, gypsum and halite. However, evaporite minerals saturation increases in the flow direction. The quality of water for drinking and agriculture is suitable at the margins of highlands and as it enters the plain and the path to the Gorgan Gulf decreases sharply. According to the statistical analysis results, the most changes in physicochemical parameters are obtained between the Lazoure Station at the highlands margin and the Qazaghli Station in the middle part of the plain and after that no significant changes were observed between the quality parameters until Gorganroud outlet. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Landscape visualization methods in “Vis and Rāmin”
alimohammad rezaeihaftador

Abstract: The main issue in this paper is to examine Landscape visualization methods in "Vis and Ramin" Fakhruddin As'ad Gorgani. First, extract all images and then in term of content are categories as below: A) Water picture; b) sky picture; c) the image of the sun; More

Abstract: The main issue in this paper is to examine Landscape visualization methods in "Vis and Ramin" Fakhruddin As'ad Gorgani. First, extract all images and then in term of content are categories as below: A) Water picture; b) sky picture; c) the image of the sun; d) moon picture (e) Picture of flowers and plants. The findings of this paper show that, from the perspective of linguistic images (real) and virtual is overcome with virtual images. So it can be concluded that, Gorgani is considered to provide a realistic image of nature than the artistic use of nature images in Rhetoric and spiritual framework. Furthermore, from the perspective of dynamic and static images, from examined images such as the most ancient image overcome with static images, however, in rare cases can be seen the dynamic images. It is worthy of praise and it can be said that, Gorgani is observant (Argus-eyed) poet, with sense of humor, rich and impeccable taste. These features make him accomplish in description and nature landscapes illustration and show part of his eloquence power in this field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The prespective investigation of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions using the LEAP model (Case Study: Gorgan)
Maryam Ghaderian Abdolrasool Salman Mahini hamidreza kamyab

This study evaluated and analyzed energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in Gorgan. For this purpose, the demand and supply model of Gorgan was developed based on the baseline scenario and scenarios of improving energy consumption using the LEAP model until 141 More

This study evaluated and analyzed energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in Gorgan. For this purpose, the demand and supply model of Gorgan was developed based on the baseline scenario and scenarios of improving energy consumption using the LEAP model until 1414 (2035). In recent years, various strategies have been proposed to optimize energy consumption, which is among the most important strategies to reduce energy consumption and environmental emissions on an urban scale. These strategies generally include 1- Gradual increase of energy carrier prices according to the law of targeted subsidies, 2- Management of energy in the direction of the energy demand of the city, 3- Development of renewable energy technologies in the direction of demand and, 4- Increase of CNG share in the urban transport sector. First, each of these solutions was evaluated in the form of a scenario in the model environment and then their impact on energy consumption and environmental emissions was investigated. Finally, a new scenario was defined as the energy policy of Gorgan, which is the result of a combination of the four scenarios mentioned and indicates the simultaneous implementation of all strategies to improve energy and environmental emissions in Gorgan. At the end of the research, suggestions on energy consumption optimization based on the energy policy scenario of Gorgan are presented. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Extraction effect of deep and semi-deep wells on water table decline and groundwater qaulity parameters in Gorgan Plain
M. Pakdel M. G.Mahmoodlu N. Jandaghi A. Fathabadi Y. Nick Ghojogh

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of increasing uncontrolled drilling of water wells and subsequent extraction of renewable capacity of Gorgan plain aquifer on the decrease in groundwater level and some water quality parameters in a specific peri More

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of increasing uncontrolled drilling of water wells and subsequent extraction of renewable capacity of Gorgan plain aquifer on the decrease in groundwater level and some water quality parameters in a specific period of 30 years. For this purpose, the trend of rainfall changes, drilling wells, groundwater level fluctuations, as well as some physicochemical parameters were investigated in the studied period. Data analysis of variance was used to investigate the statistical differences between quantitative and qualitative parameters. The annual changes in drilling of authorized and illegal wells in the province shows an increasing trend in the number of wells drilled in the Gorgan plain, followed by an increase in the volume of water extracted since the early 1980s. The results of statistical studies, histograms of annual changes in groundwater level of deep and semi-deep wells as well as hydrographs of deep and semi-deep aquifers studied show a reduction in groundwater level in both semi-deep and deep aquifers in the study period. Since the average annual rainfall in the study period is almost constant, the drilling of shallow and deep wells followed by uncontrolled abstraction of deep and semi-deep aquifers is the most likely major factor in the decline of groundwater levels in the study plain. Based on the statistical results, a significant difference was observed between most of the physicochemical parameters of semi-deep and deep wells in the old and new periods. However, these changes are greater in semi-deep wells than the deep ones. Also, the two parameters Cl and Na, which are the main factors of water salinity, show the greatest changes. Hydrogeochemical diagrams of plain aquifers show an increase in soluble solids as well as changes in the type and hydrochemical facies of groundwater in the new period. However, the trend of changes in the shallow aquifer is more intense. Manuscript profile

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