Affect

Open Access Article

1 - THE WORD OF IMAM ALI IN PERSIAN POEM
Ahmad razi

The poets of persian literature, from beginning up to now have recited many pure and prominent poems in prais of Imam Ali. All these praises indicate the multi dimentions of unique personality of Imam Ali and fascination of peots toward him. With a little consideration More

The poets of persian literature, from beginning up to now have recited many pure and prominent poems in prais of Imam Ali. All these praises indicate the multi dimentions of unique personality of Imam Ali and fascination of peots toward him. With a little consideration in the works of peots, we come to knowing that they did not only praised the Imam, rather they made Imam's words as their own thoughts and works backing and support of their literal accuracy. They mixed it with their gentle expression and used it in their subject matter makings and portraitings. In this article, the fields, history and the way of being affected with Imam Ali's words, is being studied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigating the Role of Conceptual Metaphors in the Evolution of literary styles (Relying on Body Metaphors in Farrokhi Sistani, Anvari, and Hafiz's poems)
Mohammad Taheri Masoumeh Archandani

The conceptual metaphor is the mind’s technique for conceptualizing affairs. The mind tries to conceive and contemplate some intangible affairs for itself with the help of this fundamental construct. Hence, it is expected that by changing it, we will also see a change i More

The conceptual metaphor is the mind’s technique for conceptualizing affairs. The mind tries to conceive and contemplate some intangible affairs for itself with the help of this fundamental construct. Hence, it is expected that by changing it, we will also see a change in thought-related macro-systems. Among these macrosystems are literary styles that have many factors involved in changing them. This article tries to answer the question of how the change of conceptual metaphors in time has an effect on the change of literary styles through analytical-descriptive method. To answer it, we trace the conceptual metaphors related to the body, which include the words "hand, eye, heart and head", in a selection of poems by Farrokhi Sistani, Anvari and Hafez. By analyzing the obtained information, we conclude that conceptual metaphors have undergone significant changes over time that are in line with the evolution of literary styles and are variables affecting the evolution of styles. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Studying the Relationship between "Moral Value" and "Making Informed choices" viewpoint of Nahj al-Balāghah
mohsen javady Fatemeh marzeih Hosseini kashani

The honorable book, Nahj al-Balāghah, is the moral and valuable treasury of Islamic school. So, explaining "what is moral value" from point of view of this great book, in presenting "Islamic moral theory" is helpful. Moral value belongs to secondary philosophical inel More

The honorable book, Nahj al-Balāghah, is the moral and valuable treasury of Islamic school. So, explaining "what is moral value" from point of view of this great book, in presenting "Islamic moral theory" is helpful. Moral value belongs to secondary philosophical inelligibles. Therefore defining it by differentia and genus is impossible, and one of the ways to discover its essence and identity is to study the relationship between "moral value" and other different things, like act itself, act consequence, agent's intention, and his/her making informed or uninformed choices. So, one of important questions in this arena is that "how does moral value link to person's making informed choices?" The result, obtained out of investigating moral statements of Nahj al-Balāghah, and through scrutiny of the role of intellect and affection in acts moral value, is that from viewpoint of Nahj al-Balāghah, intellect is central, and affection impacts on valuableness of acts when it is dominated by intellect, though the influence of affection on moral value isn't denied and the Imām praises and disapproves some of affections and emotions and sometimes sees some role for affection in valuableness of acts Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Behavioral and ethical prerequisites Managers’ Adherence to Organization Justice Rules: An Investigation into the Central Role of Managerial Motives and Discretion
Nahid Radmanesh Abolhassan Faghihi Karamallah Daneshfard

Though substantial research has been carried out on employees’ reactions to organizational justice rules, far less research has examined the ethical and ethical causes of managers to adhere to the rules of justice. Taking a proactive approach to organizational justice, More

Though substantial research has been carried out on employees’ reactions to organizational justice rules, far less research has examined the ethical and ethical causes of managers to adhere to the rules of justice. Taking a proactive approach to organizational justice, the present study the causes of managers’ adherence to distributive, procedural, informational, and interpersonal rules of justice. The statistical population of this research was the managers at the different levels of employed management practices selected from 34 government organizations. The sample under study included 356 people selected through cluster sampling. The data collection was conducted using standardized questionnaires. Data analysis was performed through confirmatory factor analysis and parametric statistics using Smart PLS and SPSS software. The results of the research revealed that both cognitive (i.e. effective compliance with subordinates, desirable social identity maintenance, and justice) and affective (i.e. high positive affect and low negative affect) motives were associated with managerial adherence to justice rules. Moreover, cognitive motives were more strongly associated with justice rules adherence for justice dimensions over which managers perceived less discretion, while affective motives were more strongly associated with justice rule adherence for justice dimensions over which managers perceived much more discretion. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Affect in the Relationship between Meaning in Life and Mental Health
Leila Mohammadi Mohammad Ali Besharat Mohammad Reza Rezazade Masoud Gholamali Lavasani

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of positive and negative affect in the relationship between meaning in life and mental health. The sample consisted of 337 students (153 males and 184 females) from University of Tehran at three levels: BA, More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of positive and negative affect in the relationship between meaning in life and mental health. The sample consisted of 337 students (153 males and 184 females) from University of Tehran at three levels: BA, MA and PHD. Participants are chosen by available sampling. The students answered the Crumbaugh Maholick (1964) Meaning of Life Questionnaire, Veit and Ware (1983) Mental Health Inventory and Watson et al (1988) Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. For analyzing data, we used some indexes such as Frequency, Percent, Standard deviation, Pearson correlation test and for proving the mediating role, we used Pathway analysis. The results showed a significant positive and negative relationship between meaning in life and psychological well-being as well as psychological distress. The Pathway analysis showed that positive and negative affect has mediating role in the relationship between meaning in life and mental health. According to the result, it can be concluded that, attention to meaning in life and improve it in students life lead to increasing positive affect and as a result can influence mental health and decrease expression of negative affect and psychological distress level. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The Effect of Positive Affect Induction on Verbal Cognitive Performance in Extroversion Personality
Niloofar Abedini Parviz Azadfallah

In the present study, the effect of positive affect induction on verbal cognitive performance in extrovert and introvert personality types is studied. The first sample of the research includes 180 female students of Tarbiat Modares university selected with available sam More

In the present study, the effect of positive affect induction on verbal cognitive performance in extrovert and introvert personality types is studied. The first sample of the research includes 180 female students of Tarbiat Modares university selected with available sampling method. With respect to their score in Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and based on statistical analysis, 30 participants (in 2 extrovert and introvert groups) were chosen for the next step of the research. In the next step, a short movie clip for inducting positive affect was shown to the half of the participants, then respectively, the first verbal task and PANAS questionnaire were taken. After that, all previous steps (with an equal verbal task) were done but this time for negative affect induction. For the remaining participants, the reverse process was done, i.e., first negative affect induction and then positive affect induction. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics methods and t-test of two dependent groups, t-test of two independent groups and Yu-Mann-Whitney test. The observations showed that the positive affect induction improves the verbal fluency performance. On the other hand in the case of positive emotional induction, extroverts have better verbal performance than introverts. conclusion: In general the results showed that the positive affect induction affects the cognitive performances. Also, personality traits associated with affections such as extroversion can modify these effects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The Moderating Role of Meaning at Work in the relationship between Self Leadership with Affective Capital and Affective-Collective Investment
Maryam Rostam Pour Mohsen Golparvar

The meaning at work through impact on individual and work goals has a significant impact on the relationship between different variables in work environments. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the moderating role of meaning at work on the relations More

The meaning at work through impact on individual and work goals has a significant impact on the relationship between different variables in work environments. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the moderating role of meaning at work on the relationship between self-leadership with affective capital and affective-collective investment. Research statistical population was the employees of Saderat bank in Isfahan city. Among them, 243 employees were selected using convenience sampling. Research instruments were self-leadership questionnaire (Houghton et al, 2012), meaning at work questionnaire (Steger et al, 2012), affective capital questionnaire (Golparvar, 2017) and affective-collective investment questionnaire (Golparvar, 2018). Data were analyzed with the use of Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. Results revealed that there is positive significant relationship between self-leadership with meaning at work, affective capital and affective-collective investment. Results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that meaning at work moderates the relationship between self-leadership with affective capital and affective-collective investment. This means that when meaning at work is high, there is a positive significant relationship between self-leadership with affective capital and affective-collective investment (p<0.01), but when meaning at work is low, there is not a significant relationship between self-leadership with affective capital and affective-collective investment (p¬>0.05). The results show that meaning at work have high power to impact the relationship between self-leadership with affective capital and affective-collective investment Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Moderating Role of Meaning at Work in the Relationship between Self Leadership with Affective Capital and Affective-Collective Investment
Mohsen Golparvar Maryam Rostampour

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the moderating role of meaning at work on the relationship between self-leadership with affective capital and affective-collective investment. Research statistical population was the employees of Saderat bank in Is More

This research was conducted with the aim of determining the moderating role of meaning at work on the relationship between self-leadership with affective capital and affective-collective investment. Research statistical population was the employees of Saderat bank in Isfahan city. Among them, 243 employees were selected using convenience the sampling method and responded to Self-Leadership Scale, Meaning at Work Scale, Affective Capital Scale, and Affective-Collective Investment Scale. Data analyzed with the use of Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression analysis. Results revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between self-leadership and meaning at work, affective capital and affective-collective investment. The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that meaning at work moderated the relationship between self-leadership and affective capital and affective-collective investment. This means that when meaning at work is high, there is a positive and significant relationship between self-leadership and affective capital and affective-collective investment (p<0.01), but when meaning at work is low, there is not a significant relationship between self-leadership and affective capital and affective-collective investment (p>0.05). The results showed that meaning at work had high power to impact the relationship between self-leadership and affective capital and affective-collective investment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Exploring to Moderating Role of Ethical trait On Model of Brand Affect in Banking Services
Mohammad Reza Karimi Alavijeh Amir Aslani Aslani Afrashteh

Research has shown that in the services industry, such as banking, in addition to the Perceived Quality of Service and brand trust, ethical behaviors of businesses plays a substantial role in shaping and maintaining long-term relationships between organizations and thei More

Research has shown that in the services industry, such as banking, in addition to the Perceived Quality of Service and brand trust, ethical behaviors of businesses plays a substantial role in shaping and maintaining long-term relationships between organizations and their customers. So, in addition to the perceived quality of service, business ethics in services can also have a positive effect on the trust and loyalty of customers. Therefore, this study first examines the relationship between the perceived quality of service, the trust and the brand's Affect, and then examines the effect of ethical traits as a moderating variable on the relationship between perceived quality of service and the trust that leads to the brand's affect. This research in terms of purpose is considered as an applied research; in terms of data collection, it is considered as a descriptive-survey research and To analyze the data and to test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling using Smart PLS software is used. The statistical population is the Students of the Faculty of Management and Accounting of Shahid Beheshti University. 180 Structured questionnaire based on literature was administered to the target statistical sample. Simple non-probability sampling method is used. The results indicate that perceived quality of service has a significant positive impact on Brand Trust and Brand Trust is also found a predictor variable having a significantly positive impact on brand's affect. Also, the role of moderating variable of ethical traits was confirmed and it is significant. Finally the results of the modeling tests show that ethical traits also enhance trust. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Identify factors affecting the success of pension funds (using the technique of content analysis)
Mohammad kashi mohsen rasoulian

One of the main concerns and future threats to the economies of developing countries is the performance of pension funds. Today, pension funds are considered by policymakers in the public sector as a good choice for implementing economic programs. Therefore, this study More

One of the main concerns and future threats to the economies of developing countries is the performance of pension funds. Today, pension funds are considered by policymakers in the public sector as a good choice for implementing economic programs. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the factors affecting the success of pension funds. The research method is applied in terms of purpose, which due to the complexity in identifying and extracting the desired components, the qualitative-content analysis method has been used. The study population includes university professors, experts and pension fund managers who were selected to collect information through a semi-structured interview method, which was selected through the available sampling method. Data analysis showed that after ten interviews, categories were formed and reached theoretical saturation. The main achievement of this research is identifying 19 effective factors in 4 main management groups; Technical and specialized; It is external and economic. If these factors are taken into consideration in the formulation of policies and policies of the country, the disruption in the national economy and its dependence can be reduced and controlled by the planned programs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Identifying and Prioritizing the Factors Affecting the Faculty Development in the University of Tehran
داود قرونه Seyyed Mohammadi Mirkamali عباس بازرگان سیدکمال خرازی

This study intends to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the faculty development (FD) in the University of Tehran. An exploratory mixed method study was conducted in two phases: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative phase, the factors affecting the More

This study intends to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the faculty development (FD) in the University of Tehran. An exploratory mixed method study was conducted in two phases: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative phase, the factors affecting the development of faculty members were identified and categorized through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts who were selected by purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, the viewpoints of 282 persons of faculty members of Tehran University who were selected by stratified relative sampling procedure were collected in the form of descriptive research method and the measurement tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. Two general categories of factors were identified as a result of qualitative phase, through open and axial coding method: 1. Personal factors and 2.Organizational factors. Then, in quantitative phase, data were analyzed by using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and also factors affecting the FD were prioritized. The results indicate that among personal factors, the personality characteristics of faculty members with the relative weight of 0.302 has the greatest impact on FD and then motivation, academic background, professional commitments, and responsibility are respectively with the relative weight of 0.251, 0.194, 0.135, and 0.118. The highest priority among organizational factors is organizational culture and climate with the relative weight of 0.277 and then factors such as career promotion system, management, development opportunities, and also structural factors and economic factors are in the relative ratios of 0.216, 0.18, 0.138, 0.104, and 0.85. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Comparison of the Ideal and Actual Affective States of Opiate-Dependent Addicts and Non-Addicts and Their Relationship to Personality Characteristics
S. Said Pournaghash Tehrani

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the ideal and actual affective states of opiate-dependent addicts and non-addict group and their relationship to personality characteristics. The retrospective research method was used in the present study .The statistic More

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the ideal and actual affective states of opiate-dependent addicts and non-addict group and their relationship to personality characteristics. The retrospective research method was used in the present study .The statistical population consisted of all opiate-dependent individuals who themselves had referred to rehabilitation centers in Tehran in 2012. A sample of 30 opiate-dependents was chosen. Also, 30 non-addicts were selected by convenience sampling who were matched on age. The two groups filled out Affect Valuation Index (AVI) and Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Analyzing the data showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in all subscales of the AVI (ideal) except for the subscale of HA. Also, significant differences were observed between the two groups in the subscales of P, LA, and N of actual AVI. Furthermore, there were significant differences in the NS, RD, and SD subscales of TCI. Regarding the differences between the addict and non-addict groups, significant differences existed in all subscales of actual AVI and ideal AVI except for the LAN and HAN subscales. In short, in terms of ideal and actual affective states and personality characteristics, there were differences between opiate-dependent individuals and non-addict groups. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Investigating the effect of salespeople’s personal interaction on customers word- of - mouth with mediating role affective customer experience and moderating role of customer ethnocentrism and foreign product affinity (Case study of: customers of Janbo chain stores in Tabriz)
Ramin Bashirkhodaparasti Nasrin Nemati

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personal interaction of sellers on the tendency of customers to word-of-mouth marketing by considering the mediation of effective customer experience and moderation of customer ethnicity and the desire for forei More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of personal interaction of sellers on the tendency of customers to word-of-mouth marketing by considering the mediation of effective customer experience and moderation of customer ethnicity and the desire for foreign product among customers of Janbo chain stores in Tabriz. The statistical population is the customers of Janbo chain stores in Tabriz. To determine the sample size, considering that the target population is unlimited, the Cochran sample size determination formula was used and the sample size was 382 people. Sampling method is available in the present study. Data were collected through a questionnaire and to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire we used Cronbach's alpha coefficient, the value of which was calculated for the whole questionnaire 0.874. Also, SPSS software version 25 was used for data analysis and Smart PLS software was used for inferential statistics and hypothesis testing. The results of the study indicate a positive and significant effect of personal interaction of sellers on the desire to market word of mouth to customers and in this regard the effective customer experience has a mediating role and also the moderating effect of customer's ethnicity and desire for foreign product on effective customer experience. Took. Therefore, the main question of this research is whether the personal interaction of sellers affects the desire for word-of-mouth marketing through the mediation of effective customer experience and moderation of customer ethnicity and desire for foreign products among customers of Janbo chain stores in Tabriz? Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Identifying and ranking factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics
Mehran Ehteshami Mohammad Hasan Cheraghali Bita Tabrizian Maryam Teimourian sefidehkhan

This research has been done with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry, focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics. After reviewing the literature, semi-stru More

This research has been done with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry, focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics. After reviewing the literature, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 academic and road freight transportation industry experts in Iran, who were selected using the purposive sampling method and saturation principle. In the quantitative part, the opinions of 170 employees of this industry, who were selected based on Cochran's formula and stratified sampling method, were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Delphi technique, literature review and coding were used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part, inferential statistics and SPSS and smartPLS software were used. Finally, 40 indicators were extracted in the form of 8 factors and ranking of indicators and affecting factors was done using factor analysis. The result of this research shows that the internal factors have the highest rank and software infrastructure, hardware infrastructure, economic, external factors, legal, cultural and penetration factor are in the next ranks respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that organizations consider their human resource empowerment program in line with the use of technology and digital tools. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Empowering students' mathematical learning with a network analysis approach based on Dimtel
Mohammad Alipour Fathkouhi mohammad hassan behzad Hamid Rasouli Ahmad Shahvarani Semnani

The National Council of American Teachers has always emphasized the importance of learning mathematics in the school process. In this article, with the aim of identifying factors affecting math learning, 17 sub-criteria for empowering students' math learning with the he More

The National Council of American Teachers has always emphasized the importance of learning mathematics in the school process. In this article, with the aim of identifying factors affecting math learning, 17 sub-criteria for empowering students' math learning with the help of research background, textual content analysis and systematic review of 61 specialized articles and books and specialized interviews with 13 experts in mathematics education It has been categorized into 6 main groups. Then, with the help of DANP technique and pairwise comparisons, the weighting of these variables and the relationships between them were discovered. To collect data, questionnaires created by a pair of researchers were used, whose validity and reliability were confirmed with the help of inconsistency rate and kappa index. The results of the analysis show that the most important enablers in terms of impact are: emotional, psychological, physiological, sociological, content and environmental factors. Also, the most important sub-criteria in order of weight are: textbook content and concepts, motivation, self-concept and self-regulation, cooperation and correct communication with the teacher. In terms of interaction, the most important main factors are: environmental enablers, physiological enablers, sociological enablers, emotional enablers, psychological enablers and content enablers.By identifying and categorizing these variables, mathematics instructors and teachers can use these components more effectively in their teaching and learning so that students can perform better in learning mathematics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Identifying the factors influencing the performance of employees during the Corona crisis by thematic analysis
shohreh namjouyan maysam chegin marziyeh mohammadi

The spread of Covid-19 caused a significant transformation in the way people and organizations live and work. Therefore, to stay competitive on the labor market, organizations must develop comprehensive strategies that allow them to identify their environmental opportu More

The spread of Covid-19 caused a significant transformation in the way people and organizations live and work. Therefore, to stay competitive on the labor market, organizations must develop comprehensive strategies that allow them to identify their environmental opportunities and threats in accordance with market conditions. In addition, they must continue their activities. Tehran has taken place. The main question of this study is: What factors affected the performance of the employees of the contracting company during the Corona crisis? To answer this question, theories and models related to the subject and previous research have been investigated. Research in the current study is based on qualitative methods and an exploratory approach. The statistical sample of this research, which was selected by the snowball method and in a targeted manner, includes 14 managers and experts of a large contracting company in the metropolis of Tehran. The requirement was extracted using thematic analysis method. The results included 60 open codes in the form of 4 main concepts and 16 sub-themes. The results of the research showed that the 4 main criteria of organizational culture, job satisfaction, leadership and management, and finally, information and communication technology have the greatest effect in modifying the negative effects of the covid-19 disease on the performance of employees. Based on the results obtained, the 4 main criteria of organizational culture (with a weight of 0.446), satisfaction Job (with a weight equal to 0.331), leadership and management (with a weight equal to 0.152) and finally technology Information and communication (with a weight equal to 0.070) respectively have the greatest effect in modifying negative effects The covid-19 disease has an effect on the performance of employees. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Revealing the hidden side of things, through painting based on the philosophy of Gilles Deleuze
Seyedeh Maryam Ghazi ali moradkhani Mohammad shokri

Based on the notions of Gilles Deleuze, the researcher studied the expression of hidden aspects of objects through painting. By tracing the development of art from the prehistoric era to the postmodern era, using a method based on color orientation and how it affects se More

Based on the notions of Gilles Deleuze, the researcher studied the expression of hidden aspects of objects through painting. By tracing the development of art from the prehistoric era to the postmodern era, using a method based on color orientation and how it affects sensation, going beyond figuration, which includes intersections and pauses, beyond studies focused on form and content, color and color sensation of the paintings can be investigated as an essence of the interaction of the forces affecting the concepts concealed on the canvas. The investigation of surface-level conflicts of colors on canvas was set aside in favor of examining the painting process as a result of concealed thoughts and the true expression of colors, allowing for the achievement of the ideas hidden in the colors. To collect data for this qualitative research, a desk study was carried out. The purpose was to identify the qualities of modern painting that are based on color orientation and how it impacts perception, as well as to identify the mechanisms affecting color relationships on the painting canvas. In order to explore a perspective on painting, the researcher developed a framework by highlighting the key notions in Gilles Deleuze’s theories. Making the invisible visible was finally accomplished through the study of colors, the absolute significance of a visual reality that has nothing left to convey, and by accepting the shift from the cliches of visual and action paintings. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Identifying and Ranking Factors Affecting the Digital Transformation Strategy in Iran's Road Freight Transportation Industry Focusing on the Internet of Things and Data Analytics
Mehran Ehteshami Mohammad Hasan Cheraghali Bita Tabrizian Maryam Teimourian sefidehkhan

This research has been done with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry, focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics. After reviewing the literature, semi-stru More

This research has been done with the aim of identifying and ranking the factors affecting the digital transformation strategy in Iran's road freight transportation industry, focusing on the Internet of Things and data analytics. After reviewing the literature, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 academic and road freight transportation industry experts in Iran, who were selected using the purposive sampling method and saturation principle. In the quantitative part, the opinions of 170 employees of this industry, who were selected based on Cochran's formula and stratified sampling method, were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. Delphi technique, literature review and coding were used to analyze the data in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part, inferential statistics and SPSS and smartPLS software were used. Finally, 40 indicators were extracted in the form of 8 factors and ranking of indicators and affecting factors was done using factor analysis. The result of this research shows that the internal factors have the highest rank and software infrastructure, hardware infrastructure, economic, external factors, legal, cultural and penetration factor are in the next ranks respectively. Therefore, it is suggested that organizations consider their human resource empowerment program in line with the use of technology and digital tools. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The Effectiveness of Happiness Training on, Positive Affect and Life Expectancy in Women with Postpartum Depression
g b m bagheri

<p>This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of happiness training on positive affect and life expectancy in women with postpartum depression. The statistical population of this research included all women with postpartum depression who referred to health centers in More

<p>This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of happiness training on positive affect and life expectancy in women with postpartum depression. The statistical population of this research included all women with postpartum depression who referred to health centers in Kohgiluyeh, Iran during the first quarter of 1400 (Iranian calendar year). From this population, 30 women were randomly selected and assigned to experimental and control groups (15 participants in each group). Both groups completed the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) by Watson and the Herth Hope Index (HHI) before the intervention. The experimental group participated in eight 120-minute group happiness training sessions. After the intervention, both groups completed the questionnaires again. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and one-way MANCOVA with SPSS software. The findings indicated a significant positive relationship between happiness training and both positive affect and life expectancy in women with postpartum depression (P < 0.05), as demonstrated by one-way ANCOVA. Therefore, happiness training is an active, purposeful, and appropriate treatment for psychological disorders in primary care centers. This treatment improves patient performance, enhances skills, and helps patients cope with their issues and problems.</p> Manuscript profile

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