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Open Access Article

1 - Dental Fracture Management in Cat and dog
Faezeh Alipour

Dogs and cats with broken or fractured teeth are an extremely common presentation for small animal practitioners. Every day, patients will be seen with a fractured tooth, dental caries, pulpal hemorrhage or some other dental complications. Many of these conditions are a More

Dogs and cats with broken or fractured teeth are an extremely common presentation for small animal practitioners. Every day, patients will be seen with a fractured tooth, dental caries, pulpal hemorrhage or some other dental complications. Many of these conditions are a source of pain to the animal but often ignored by the owners. Extraction, usually, is not the only solution, because the teeth of small animals respond very well to advanced dental techniques, especially endodontic treatment. This paper discusses treatment options for fractured teeth including endodontic treatment, vital pulp therapy, surgical dental extraction. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - A Review of Physiological Structures and Dental Disorders of Canids Using Radiography and Computed Tomography
Ferdos Fekri Amir Zakian Mohsen Abbasi Omid Zehtabvar Alireza Vajhi

Canids are heterodont and diphyodont animals, which most of adult canids have 42 permanent teeth. Nowadays, attention to the oral and dental disorders in pets has gained a special region in veterinary medicine and on the top of these problems can be referred to dental i More

Canids are heterodont and diphyodont animals, which most of adult canids have 42 permanent teeth. Nowadays, attention to the oral and dental disorders in pets has gained a special region in veterinary medicine and on the top of these problems can be referred to dental infections and other periodontal diseases. Anatomy and positioning of teeth and periodontal diseases also could be observed by diagnostic imaging techniques included radiography and CT-scan. Radiography is an effective method for dental examination with low-cost and fast execution times and can be performed during surgery. Although, computed tomography is high contrasted method in oral cavity examination that facilitates the diagnosis of multiple disease. Precise and detailed imaging of the region of interest even before changes become clinically apparent, the reduced examination time than oral radiography, 3D imaging in different views, but expensiveness and risks associated with anesthesia may be the restrictive factors. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Methods of Determining Age of Ruminants and Camelids by Using Dentition Patterns
Sare Rezaei Amir Zakian Nima Moradpour

Determining age is very important in domestic livestock because in addition to health, nutrition and grazing, from point of veterinary science some of the special disease it is age dependent and appear at certain ages. Therefore, knowing the age of domestic livestock fo More

Determining age is very important in domestic livestock because in addition to health, nutrition and grazing, from point of veterinary science some of the special disease it is age dependent and appear at certain ages. Therefore, knowing the age of domestic livestock for the farmers both in terms of anticipating and preventing diseases and in terms of treatment is important and have a significant effect on exploitation, usage of animals in different services and the cost of farm. One of the methods of determining and judgment of the age in domestic animals is the use of the number, shape and date of tooth eruption. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide practical and useful information for determining the age in ruminants and camelids, as reviewed by peer-reviewed articles and resources in recent years. We hope that this article will be useful to all students of veterinary medicine, active clinicians in large animals field, animal dentistry enthusiasts and other related businesses. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Evaluation of the Right to Oral Health of a Child and its Realization on the International Stage
Aghil Mohammadi Aghil Mohammadi Abdosaheb Niknam

Health is one of the most important human rights. The right to oral health is one aspect of this right and an integral part of public health pertains to the disease-free status and chronic pain in the mouth, face and throat. Among the human groups, children are the most More

Health is one of the most important human rights. The right to oral health is one aspect of this right and an integral part of public health pertains to the disease-free status and chronic pain in the mouth, face and throat. Among the human groups, children are the most vulnerable to various health threats, and therefore international instruments, in particular the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), emphasize the right to children's health. Oral diseases are among the factors that seriously affect this right. These diseases not only cause pain, but also affect the eating, speaking and quality of life, inner and social self-esteem of the child. Based on a descriptive-analytical approach and in the light of an overview of the international law approach to the right to health and the right to oral health and the explanation of children's rights in this field, the present paper addresses the question of the right to oral health and what is the position of child in oral health? This paper concludes that, despite the particular importance of children's oral health and the achievement of important results in this area, Oral diseases continue to be widespread among children and the right to do so is faced with many obstacles and limitations. In addition to international institutions, it is essential that states, along with global health programs for all, are targeted and organized, in particular to prevent these diseases and improve access to primary health care. Access to health information around the world, the use of new technologies, regular and annual reports by states on children's oral health can help promote the right to children's oral health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Analytical Stator Design for Reducing the Cogging Torque in Surface-Mounted PM Motors
M. R. Alizadeh Pahlavani V. Zamani Faradonbe

We present an analytical method for the calculation of cogging torque in surface permanent-magnet (PM) motors. The cogging torque is calculated by integrating the Maxwell stress tensor inside the air gap. The stator design techniques are applied to reduce the cogging to More

We present an analytical method for the calculation of cogging torque in surface permanent-magnet (PM) motors. The cogging torque is calculated by integrating the Maxwell stress tensor inside the air gap. The stator design techniques are applied to reduce the cogging torque in SPM motors. The used techniques are stator dummy slots, teeth pairing and stator slot skewing. The direct search method is used to find the optimum geometry in the mentioned methods. Finally, the validity of the proposed model and the obtained results are verified with Finite Element Analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Multi-Objective Optimization of Surface-Mounted PM Machines Using an Analytical Model for the Pole-Shifting Method
V. Zamani Faradonbe S. Taghipour Boroujeni

In the presented work an analytical model is developed for the pole-shifting method in the surface-mounted PM machine at no-load condition. The machine cogging torque and the harmonic spectrum of the air gap flux density are most no-load indexes of the machine performan More

In the presented work an analytical model is developed for the pole-shifting method in the surface-mounted PM machine at no-load condition. The machine cogging torque and the harmonic spectrum of the air gap flux density are most no-load indexes of the machine performance. It is shown that, although, the pole-shifting reduces the machine cogging torque; it destroyed the half-odd symmetry in the PMs and produces even harmonics in the air gap flux density. The even harmonics of the air gap flux density, results in undesired torque pulsations. Using the developed analytical model and the direct search method a multi-objective optimization is carried out for the machine cogging torque and the total harmonic distortion of the air gap flux density. Since, the considered variables are not in a same unite; a normalized technique is applied. Finally, the developed model and the obtained results are verified by finite element analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Improving Age Estimation of Dental Panoramic Images Based on Image Contrast Correction by Spatial Entropy Method
Masoume Mohseni Hussain Montazery Kordy Mehdi Ezoji

In forensic dentistry, age is estimated using dental radiographs. Our goal is to automate these steps using image processing and pattern recognition techniques. With a dental radiograph, the contour is extracted and features such as apex, width and tooth length are dete More

In forensic dentistry, age is estimated using dental radiographs. Our goal is to automate these steps using image processing and pattern recognition techniques. With a dental radiograph, the contour is extracted and features such as apex, width and tooth length are determined, which are used to estimate age. Optimizing the resolution of radiographic images is an important step in contour extraction and age estimation. In this article, the aim is to improve the image resolution in order to extract the appropriate area and proper segmentation of the tooth, which makes it possible to estimate age better. In this model, due to the low resolution of radiographic images, in order to increase the accuracy of extracting the desired area of each tooth (ROI), the image resolution increases using spatial entropy based on the spatial distribution of pixel brightness, along with another increasing resolution method, like the Laplacian pyramids. Increasing the resolution of the image leads to the extraction of appropriate ROI and the removal of unwanted areas. The database used in this study is 154 adolescent panoramic radiographs, of which 73 are male and 81 are female. This database is prepared from Babol University of Medical Sciences. The results show that by using fixed tooth segmentation methods and only by applying the proposed effective method to improve image resolution, the extraction of appropriate ROI increased from 66% to 78% which shows a good improvement. The extracted ROI is then delivered to the segmented block and the contour extracted. After contour extraction, age is estimated. The age estimation using the proposed method is closer to the manual age estimate compared to the method that does not use the proposed algorithm to increase the image resolution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Evaluation of effective criteria on reducing anxiety in the design of dental clinics
Bita Samanipour maryam dastgheib parsa Kimia Sadat Tabibzadeh

<p>Attending the dental office and being on the unit for examination is not so easy and relaxing. One of the problems that causes people not to go to the dentist on time is fear and anxiety. this research was conducted with the aimed of evaluating the effective criteria More

<p>Attending the dental office and being on the unit for examination is not so easy and relaxing. One of the problems that causes people not to go to the dentist on time is fear and anxiety. this research was conducted with the aimed of evaluating the effective criteria for reducing anxiety in design of dental clinics. Therefore, a comparative - comparative method was used to conduct the research and the required information was also collected using library and document methods in order to identify and categorize the factors affecting anxiety reduction in dental clinics and after that, according to these components, a few samples of dental clinics were examined and analyzed in the forms of tables and graphs in the article, and the components of each case sample were studied and investigated separately to achieve the purpose of the research. The results of the data show that environmental factors such as light, color, form and furniture have a greater effect than human factors such as the appropriate design of the entrance, legibility and access and creating integration between the interior and exterior spaces, on reducing anxiety in the design of dental clinics. The amount of this effect in natural factors such as the presence of atrium and green apace, yard design according to the climate, noise control with light music and interaction with nature reaches its lowest level compared to other factors.</p> Manuscript profile

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