Methods of Determining Age of Ruminants and Camelids by Using Dentition Patterns
Subject Areas :Sare Rezaei 1 , Amir Zakian 2 , Nima Moradpour 3
1 -
2 -
3 -
Keywords:
Abstract :
Determining age is very important in domestic livestock because in addition to health, nutrition and grazing, from point of veterinary science some of the special disease it is age dependent and appear at certain ages. Therefore, knowing the age of domestic livestock for the farmers both in terms of anticipating and preventing diseases and in terms of treatment is important and have a significant effect on exploitation, usage of animals in different services and the cost of farm. One of the methods of determining and judgment of the age in domestic animals is the use of the number, shape and date of tooth eruption. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to provide practical and useful information for determining the age in ruminants and camelids, as reviewed by peer-reviewed articles and resources in recent years. We hope that this article will be useful to all students of veterinary medicine, active clinicians in large animals field, animal dentistry enthusiasts and other related businesses.
1. Smith B, Van Metre D, Pusterla D, Large Animal Internal Medicine. 6th edition. Mosby, 2017.
2. Anderson DE. Ohio State University Office of Veterinary Continuing Education presents camelid medicine, surgery, and reproduction for veterinarians, March 27-31, 2002.
3. Torell R, Bruce B, Kvasnicka B, et al. Methods of determining age of cattle. Cattle Producer’s Library: CL712. University of Nevada, Reno, NV. Available online: http://www. unce. unr.edu/publications/files/ag/other/cl712. pdf (accessed on 4 July 2013). 2003.
4. Troxel TR, Gadberry MS, Cline S, et al. Factors affecting the selling price of replacement and market cows sold at Arkansas livestock auctions. The Professional Animal Scientist. 2002; 18(4):380-386.
5. Pace JE, Wakeman DL. Determining the age of cattle by their teeth. University of Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences, EDIS; 1983.
6. Thrift FA, Thrift TA. Longevity attributes of Bos indicus× Bos taurus crossbred cows. The Professional Animal Scientist. 2003; 19(5):329-341.
7. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Determination of age by teeth in domestic animals. In: Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., 1898. Page: 667
8. Food Safety Inspection Service. Using dentition to age cattle. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Accessed online at http://www.fsis.usda.gov/ofo/tsc/bse_information.htm on May 1, 2013.
9. Johnson RF. The stockman’s Handbook. 2nd. Ensminger, 1999; 539.
10. National Animal Health Monitoring System. Beef. Part IV: Reference of beef cow-calf management practices in the United States, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 2007-08.
11. Attwell CA. Age detemination of the blue wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus in Zululand. African Zoology. 1980; 15(3):121-130.
12. Grimsdell JJ. Age determination of the African buffalo, Syncerus caffer Sparrman. African Journal of Ecology. 1973; 11(1):31-53.
13. Kikule SB. Age-Chances in the Teeth of Zebu Cattle. The East African Agricultural Journal. 1953; 19(2):86-88.
14. Taylor RD. Age determination of the African buffalo, Syncerus coffer (Sparrman) in Zimbabwe. African Journal of Ecology. 1988; 26(3):207-220.
15. Haynes G. Tooth wear rate in northern bison. Journal of Mammalogy. 1984; 65(3):487-491.
16. Spinage CA. Incremental cementum lines in the teeth of tropical African mammals. Journal of Zoology. 1976 ; 178(1):117-131.
17. Spinage CA. Age determination of the female Grant's gazelle. African Journal of Ecology. 1976; 14(2):121-134.
18. Pienaar UD. Observation on developmental biology, growth and some aspects of the population ecology of the African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer Sparrman) in the Kruger National Park. Koedoe. 1969; 12(1):29-52.
19. Villegas VA. Determination of age of water buffaloes by the eruption of temporary and permanent incisors. Philippine Agric. 1929; 18:371-378.
20. Macgkegor, R. The domestic buffalo. R.C.V.S. Fellowship thesis, London, 1939.
21. Getty R. Sissons & Grossmajn, D, The anatomy of Domestic Animals, 5th. Edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1956.
22. Ageing camels by the teeth.Available at http://.www.fao.org, chapter 7, unit 58.
23. Fowler ME. Repulsion of the cheek teeth. In: Fowler ME, editor. Medicine and surgery of South American camelids: llama, alpaca, vicuna, guanaco. 2nd edition. Ames (IA): Iowa State University Press; 1998: 119-120.
24. Fowler ME. Dental disease. Medicine and surgery of South American camelids: llama, alpaca, vicuna, guanaco. 2nd edition. Ames (IA): Iowa State University Press; 1998: 112-120.
25. . Fowler ME. Digestive system. Medicine and surgery of South American camelids: llama, alpaca, vicuna, guanaco. 2nd edition. Ames (IA): Iowa State University Press; 1998: 305-319.
26. Niehaus A. Dental disease in llamas and alpacas. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice. 2009; 25(2):281-293.
27. Turner AS, McIlwraith CW, Hull BL. Techniques in large animal surgery. 2nd edition. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger; 1989: 364-368.
28. Mattoon JS. Radiographic technique for dental disease of camelids. Presented at Current veterinary care and management of Llamas and Alpacas. Columbus, Ohio, March 23, 2006.
