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Open Access Article
1 - A Study on Usability Factor on the Intention and Behavior of Technology Usage in ATAUT2 in Healthcare Environments
zhila kazemiIntroduction: Using information and communication technology in healthcare system helps with the improvement in services quality. Hence, using it could provide great advantages for this business. The advantages of this technology reaches its top when it is implemented a MoreIntroduction: Using information and communication technology in healthcare system helps with the improvement in services quality. Hence, using it could provide great advantages for this business. The advantages of this technology reaches its top when it is implemented and used successfully. One of the main stages in realization of this goal is the success in acceptance of technology by its users. Hence, identifying the effective factors in successful acceptance of information technology is a vital necessity and acceptance is one of its main factors. Accordingly, this research studies software acceptance along with unified theory of usability and use of technology (UTAUT2) in patients’ use of medical diagnosis laboratories electronic portal in 2015. Methodology: This research is an analytic-descriptive study which was carried out in a cross-sectional form in 2014. The target statistical society included the patients who used Shiraz laboratories portals, which included 170 individuals. For sampling, stratified proportional to size was used to determine the number of samples needed from each studied center and also, purposive sampling was used to select the patients using portals and filling up questionnaires in each center. Data collection tool was a 25-item questionnaire which was adopted from Venkatesh et al. (2012) and Usability Assessment questionnaire. Ultimately, the data derived from the questionnaires was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), with Partial Least Squares approach and SPSS ver. 20 and Smart-PLS ver.3 software. Findings: Results from this research in Shiraz medical diagnosis laboratories, showed a significant relation between variables added value (t-value=2.88), hedonic motivation (t-value=3.88), habit (t-value=2.22) and usability structure (t-value=5.61) with the structure of intention to use and structures of usability (t-value=3.97) and intention to use (t-value=1.91) with usage behavior. Conclusion: Considering the findings in this study, the following recommendations could be proposed in order for the higher use of portals by the patients: informing patients about the advantages of using these portals, designing portals in a simple and understandable form, and increase in portals’ attractiveness could have a positive and effective impact on laboratory information system success. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Psychological Empowerment; An Instrument for Controlling the Employees' Cyberloafing Behavior in the Healthcare and Treatment Sector
Hossein Samadi-MiarkolaeiNowadays, the performance of healthcare and treatment sector, due to its nature and goal on the public health realm, is increasingly important and requires the excellent performance of its employees. Indeed, the strategic role of human resource, beside material and phys MoreNowadays, the performance of healthcare and treatment sector, due to its nature and goal on the public health realm, is increasingly important and requires the excellent performance of its employees. Indeed, the strategic role of human resource, beside material and physical sources, always is taken into account as the most important competitive advantage toward development of organizational productivity in healthcare and treatment sector, and this sector is doomed to having psychological empowered and healthy human resources. To do so, paying attention to the psychological empowerment and cyberloafing variables is required. Thus, the main purpose of the present research is exploring the relationships between psychological empowerment and cyberloafing in the healthcare and treatment sector. Present research, in terms of purpose, is an applied study, and in terms of data gathering way, is an analytical-correlation study. The statistical population of this study includes all the employees of Babolsar Healthcare and Treatment Network in 1397 [2018]. A sample includes 165 persons selected by simple sampling method. In order to explore the psychological empowerment (PE) and cyberloafing (CL), the standard scales are used. Data analysis through Pearson's correlation coefficient test and the step by step multiple regression has been done by SPSS software. Research results showed that there is a negative and significant relation between psychological empowerment and cyberloafing (r= -0/243; P<0/001). Also, the regression analysis test showed that the psychological empowerment explains the 24 percent of changes in cyberloafing variable. On the other, among psychological empowerment dimensions, only the meaning variable is able to negatively and significantly predict and influence on the employees' cyberloafing behavior. On the basis of this results, it could be perceived that the cyberloafing is impressed by psychological empowerment and this subject is very important in organizations. Thus, it is suggested to the organization's managers to use the techniques of increasing psychological empowerment in employees to utilize their capacities toward positive side (i.e. reducing the cyberloafing level). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The role of companies on environmental pollution and its effects on women's health (Case study of female employees of Assaluyeh Petrochemicals)
ِDavood HoseiniRad Hadi Abdi Ahmad Hashemi Mahdi ArshadiThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the role and social commitment of companies on environmental damage and its consequences and effects on the health and health of employees. Case study of female staff of Assaluyeh Petrochemicals. This study examines the MoreThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the role and social commitment of companies on environmental damage and its consequences and effects on the health and health of employees. Case study of female staff of Assaluyeh Petrochemicals. This study examines the role, commitment, and support of petrochemicals on the health, health, and staffing of women in relation to pollution and its detrimental effects on the environment. Assaluyeh Petrochemicals. In this research, it is an applied research and a descriptive survey. Our statistical population consists of petrochemical workers in the south of the country who have been involved in bladder cancer and most of these patients are those whose working conditions are such that they should be kept in open space outside office sites and buildings. They are involved in industrial pollution such as green space, repairs, and so on. The statistical population of this study consisted of 58 patients who were selected using the Cochran formula. Accounting plays an important role in corporate social responsibility, environmental crises, existing standards and standards, revenues and costs, and insurance franchises. According to the results of the hypotheses, there is a direct relationship between the role and commitment of petrochemical managers due to its pollutants and its detrimental effects on the environment and the health and health of its female employees. Thus, the incidence of bladder cancer among petrochemical workers is directly related to their work environment. The results show that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between the role and social commitment of companies and the health and health of female employees and their environment. Therefore, managers should play an important role in reducing the illness and health of their employees with the responsibilities they are responsible for, as well as supporting their franchisees with an appropriate insurance franchise for their medical expenses. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The Study of Solid Waste Management in Rural Healthcare Center (Case Study rural Healthcare Centers of Rasht)
fatemeh ghanbari zeynab bazargard batol sedighiMedical waste is a part of municipal solid waste which is classified as hazardous solid waste. One of the sources of medical waste is rural healthcare centers that are prominent because of having infectious waste. This research aims to study of medical waste in rural he MoreMedical waste is a part of municipal solid waste which is classified as hazardous solid waste. One of the sources of medical waste is rural healthcare centers that are prominent because of having infectious waste. This research aims to study of medical waste in rural healthcare center, the quantity of waste and the method of waste management.This study was done in two countries of Rasht. The method was according to physical analysis and questionnaires.Total amount of medical waste in studied area is 274.3 kg/year. The amount of semi-household waste and medical waste are 75 and 25 percent, respectively. The result of questionnaires indicates lack of solid waste management system in rural healthcare centers of Rasht.The results reveal that the amount of medical waste in studied district is low. This amount is a great deal less than the amount of municipal hospital waste in other research. Although the amount of medical waste is negligible, lack of management system for medical waste separation, storage and disposal will cause undesirable impact on human and their environment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A review of widely used industrial dyes and their removal methods from water and wastewater
Fariba Ostovar Marzieh HasanzadehIn recent years, the expansion of industries has led to increase industrial wastewater production and environmental pollution. Dyes materials are one of the most important pollutants in industrial wastewater. Today, dyes are widely used in various industries such as tex MoreIn recent years, the expansion of industries has led to increase industrial wastewater production and environmental pollution. Dyes materials are one of the most important pollutants in industrial wastewater. Today, dyes are widely used in various industries such as textile, paper, leather, printing, and cosmetics. Drainage of colored wastewater does not only affect the aesthetic aspect of the receiving water but also reduces the process of photosynthesis. Also, the colors and their intermediate products are toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic for aquatic life. Most of these dyes cause skin allergies, dermatitis, and itching, and accelerate the incidence of cancer and mutation in humans. Therefore, industrial wastewaters containing dye need to be treated prior to discharge into the receiving environment. The purpose of this study was to provide a summary of the most important industrial dyes, the health and environmental effects of dyes as pollutants, and to describe the methods for their removal from water and wastewater. In this study, different dye removal methods such as biological, physical and surface adsorption methods were described and the best process for treatment of colored wastewater was introduced considering the economical cost. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigation of microplastics as emerging contaminants in sources and health effects on humans, review study
Marjan Salari Mohammadbagher KhorasaniIn recent years, environmental contamination with plastics has become one of the biggest concerns of various communities. Microplastics (MPs) are plastics less than 5 mm in size. MPs remain in the environment for thousands of years without decomposing. However, accurate MoreIn recent years, environmental contamination with plastics has become one of the biggest concerns of various communities. Microplastics (MPs) are plastics less than 5 mm in size. MPs remain in the environment for thousands of years without decomposing. However, accurate analytical methods for the detection and characterization of MPs are scarce. In this descriptive-review study, based on the studies of various researchers and the papers of recent years, this contamination has been introduced and its adverse effects on human health and different environments have been discussed. The results of the studies have shown that microplastic contamination of salt has been reported significantly between four different sources: sea salt 0-1674, lake salt 8-468 and well rock salt 0-204 microplastic per kg (MPs/kg). The number of MPs in untreated water is 1437±34 to 3605±497 particles per liter and in general, the amount of microplastics in treated water is about 83% less than untreated water generally. The length and diameter should be considered when reporting the presence of MPs because the diameter is significant for respiration, while length plays a vital in durability and toxicity. Although the adverse health effects of microplastics have not been fully revealed, but the transfer of chemicals from microplastics to living organisms is a significant concern, and a better understanding of the potential dangers of microplastics is essential to human health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Impacts of Business Intelligence, Customer and Loyalty Satisfaction and Brand Value in Iran Hygienic and Cellulose Industry
Reza Aghaei Milad AghaeeToday organizations are working in an environment in which has uncertainty because of competition in the market. So, the organizations will get success which make their customers loyal by business intelligence and customer satisfaction and finally help to increase their MoreToday organizations are working in an environment in which has uncertainty because of competition in the market. So, the organizations will get success which make their customers loyal by business intelligence and customer satisfaction and finally help to increase their brand value. The aim of this research is considering the relationships between business intelligence, customer relationships and loyalty and brand value in hygienic and cellulose industry of Iran. Evaluation of each variable is a kind of decision making problem in which has internal systematic interactions between variables. So, we can use DEMATEL technique in FUZZY conditions for cause and effect relationships between variables. We benefit the ideas of 10 experts in cellulose and hygienic industry for considering the relationships between variables. The results show that there are systemic and network relation between research variables. Also, the results show that there is a two tailed relation between business intelligence and brand special value and customer satisfaction. Also, based on research results, customer satisfaction effects on loyalty, business intelligent and brand special value. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of the Right to Oral Health of a Child and its Realization on the International Stage
Aghil Mohammadi Aghil Mohammadi Abdosaheb NiknamHealth is one of the most important human rights. The right to oral health is one aspect of this right and an integral part of public health pertains to the disease-free status and chronic pain in the mouth, face and throat. Among the human groups, children are the most MoreHealth is one of the most important human rights. The right to oral health is one aspect of this right and an integral part of public health pertains to the disease-free status and chronic pain in the mouth, face and throat. Among the human groups, children are the most vulnerable to various health threats, and therefore international instruments, in particular the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989), emphasize the right to children's health. Oral diseases are among the factors that seriously affect this right. These diseases not only cause pain, but also affect the eating, speaking and quality of life, inner and social self-esteem of the child. Based on a descriptive-analytical approach and in the light of an overview of the international law approach to the right to health and the right to oral health and the explanation of children's rights in this field, the present paper addresses the question of the right to oral health and what is the position of child in oral health? This paper concludes that, despite the particular importance of children's oral health and the achievement of important results in this area, Oral diseases continue to be widespread among children and the right to do so is faced with many obstacles and limitations. In addition to international institutions, it is essential that states, along with global health programs for all, are targeted and organized, in particular to prevent these diseases and improve access to primary health care. Access to health information around the world, the use of new technologies, regular and annual reports by states on children's oral health can help promote the right to children's oral health. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Imposing learning based roadmap for the application of Industry 4 Internet of Things in the health care products industry
Niloofar Aminikalibar Fatemeh saghafi mansure hoorali SEDIGHEH RezaiianThere is a difference in the technology development model between developing and developed countries. In developing countries, it commences with learning the technology from innovations takes place in developed ones. Thus, the driving engine of technology development in MoreThere is a difference in the technology development model between developing and developed countries. In developing countries, it commences with learning the technology from innovations takes place in developed ones. Thus, the driving engine of technology development in late countries is learning the technology instead of providing innovation; in the way that the core of activities, organizations and communications are all concentrating on learning. The combination of virtual and real world has created a concept named as Industry 4.0. Nowadays, the application of Industry 4.0 in different scopes is expanding; applying it there requires setting a roadmap. This research aims to propose a learning-based roadmap for the application of industry 4.0 (especially the Internet of Things) in the sale and distribution of healthcare products. Here, there has been used the learning-based roadmapping method, the process of which is explained in eight steps. Two groups of a distinct expert panel including the business industry and technology industry contributed to this research; the Delphi method has been used to guarantee the convergence. The paper’s result can be used as a pattern for deployment in other related fields and secondly guidance in the industry to estimate required funds in the sale and distribution of health care products. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Use of Plasma Cavitation Reactor in condensation of sanitary sewage treatment Plant at IKCO Company
Leili Masoumi ghaleh Ali Sayadi malakami Amir Emami Naeemeh Shirakbari Javad Modabber Majid Javadyan sarcheshmeIn order to condensing the sanitary sludge, two types of complementary centrifugal and screw press devices are usually used. In this paper, in order to increase the efficiency and maximum dewatering in the final stage of the treatment plant, plasma cavitation reactor wa MoreIn order to condensing the sanitary sludge, two types of complementary centrifugal and screw press devices are usually used. In this paper, in order to increase the efficiency and maximum dewatering in the final stage of the treatment plant, plasma cavitation reactor was used. The input sample of the studied system is the output sludge of the sanitary wastewater treatment plant process of IKCO after entering the digestion tank and staying for one hour. Using a plasma cavitation reactor by rectifier, a voltage of 50 volts and a current of 110 amps was applied to 5 iron electrodes in the cavitation reactor tank with a volume of 1 m3 and the sample was tested for 8 days and every day for 8 hours. Then, the effect of the presence of cavitation reactor on the percentage of dry matter is compared with the centrifuge and multi-disc screw press system when they used alone. Based on industrial and laboratory results, a decrease of more than 80% of wet sludge (conversion of 100 m3 of sludge to about 20 m3 daily) was observed daily. Also, the COD of the outlet water from the final cavitation tank was less than 200 mg/L, also, the amount of its turbidity reached below 50 NTU after passing through sand filters in the final stages which can be used for irrigation and agriculture. Using plasma cavitation reactor was effective in reducing settling time and the final volume of wet sludge. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Socio-cultural impact assessment of establishing Marvdasht sports complex (Tehran municipal region7)
Khalil Mirzaei Marjan Pakdaman Farzad Abbasi neda AzimiThe present study seeks to respond to Qasr-Heshmatieh neighborhood residents’ needs regarding sports facilities. Some of the most important goals of this project include impacts such as direct and indirect empowering and informing the residents on health issues, providi MoreThe present study seeks to respond to Qasr-Heshmatieh neighborhood residents’ needs regarding sports facilities. Some of the most important goals of this project include impacts such as direct and indirect empowering and informing the residents on health issues, providing access to sports facilities, establishing public spaces and increasing social interactions in those spaces, increasing perceived safety and health for the residents of Qasr-Heshmatieh neighborhood due to the existence of a safe place for doing sports, improving residents’ physical health due to easier accessibility to sports facilities and equipment compared to the past, increasing the visits from other parts of the region to use the facilities and building new interaction, etc. The present study is descriptive in terms of process and applied in terms of the research objective. Documentary and field study were also used for data collection. However, it must be mentioned that the present study can also be categorized among assessment studies. The establishment of Marvdasht sports complex in Tehran municipal region 7 has both positive and negative impacts. The positive impacts include increasing social relations, social capital, safety for women, health, participation in sports activities, reducing addiction rate, change in the lifestyle, employment, creation of new jobs, revenue gain for the municipality, and reducing noise from teenagers and the youth, while negative impacts include environmental pollution, increased traffic, parking space shortage, and congestion and crowdedness in the neighborhood. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Legal-Ethical Critique of the Stockholm School Theory in the Treatment of COVID-19 pandemic
Naser Ghasemi amir abbas rokniProviding theoretical resources for the emergency policies of governments in the face of unexpected crises is one of the most important tasks of the scientific community of any country. Fighting the COVID-19 epidemic crisis as a comprehensive threat to the international MoreProviding theoretical resources for the emergency policies of governments in the face of unexpected crises is one of the most important tasks of the scientific community of any country. Fighting the COVID-19 epidemic crisis as a comprehensive threat to the international community has led many governments to change their health care policies by being surprised by the severity of the disease. In this regard, the philosophers of the Stockholm School of Ethics have tried to help the Swedish healthcare system control and manage the epidemic of COVID-19. How to interpret and determine the biological age of patients according to the epidemic emergency is one of the most notable parts of this theory. Accordingly, by determining the actual age difference from the biological of each patient, it is possible to determine the probability of survival after treatment and his life expectancy. The Stockholm School of Philosophy suggests that if you have to decide between helping patients with the same probability of survival who have different life expectancies, the priority should be to help a patient who is younger biologically. The present study, in a descriptive-analytical manner, examines and critiques this legal-ethical theory and will explain the consequences and effects of adopting such policies on the social system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
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Open Access Article
14 - Function of Bilateral&Multilateral Diplomacy in combating the spreadand management of Corona Virus: Case study of Iran’s Ministry of ForeignAffairs
Mahdi FaraziIn the present article, the role and performance of theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Iran incombating the prevalence and managementof coronavirus has been investigated. After examining the relationship between foreign policyand health security as one of the components MoreIn the present article, the role and performance of theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Iran incombating the prevalence and managementof coronavirus has been investigated. After examining the relationship between foreign policyand health security as one of the components of human security, the authorexamines the performance of the Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs in twoperiods: the outbreak of coronavirus in China and the outbreak of corona virusin Iran by using inductive Methods&Accessible and non-confidential data. Studiesshow that Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has pursued fifteen measures fromthe time of the outbreak of the corona virus in China to its outbreak in Iranand eventually the pandemic, with a comprehensive human security approach thatplays a key role in the country's relative success in combating the prevalenceand management of coronavirus. In addition to analyzing of Iran’s Ministry ofForeign Affairs performance, the paper summarizes the country's weaknesses indealing with the outbreak of the coronavirus based on the government'smacro-approach and offers suggestions for future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Function of Bilateral&Multilateral Diplomacy in combating the spreadand management of Corona Virus: Case study of Iran’s Ministry of ForeignAffairs
Mahdi FaraziIn the present article, the role and performance of theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Iran incombating the prevalence and managementof coronavirus has been investigated. After examining the relationship between foreign policyand health security as one of the components MoreIn the present article, the role and performance of theMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Iran incombating the prevalence and managementof coronavirus has been investigated. After examining the relationship between foreign policyand health security as one of the components of human security, the authorexamines the performance of the Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs in twoperiods: the outbreak of coronavirus in China and the outbreak of corona virusin Iran by using inductive Methods&Accessible and non-confidential data. Studiesshow that Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has pursued fifteen measures fromthe time of the outbreak of the corona virus in China to its outbreak in Iranand eventually the pandemic, with a comprehensive human security approach thatplays a key role in the country's relative success in combating the prevalenceand management of coronavirus. In addition to analyzing of Iran’s Ministry ofForeign Affairs performance, the paper summarizes the country's weaknesses indealing with the outbreak of the coronavirus based on the government'smacro-approach and offers suggestions for future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Study of Behavioral Duality and Social Discrimination of the Soviet Government in the Asylum Seek of the Democratic Sect in 1325
ghader kiyaniAfter the defeat of the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan by the military forces of the Central Government on December 12, 1958, a number of military-political leaders and some ordinary members and supporters were forced to take the path of the Soviet Republic of Azerbaija MoreAfter the defeat of the Democratic Party of Azerbaijan by the military forces of the Central Government on December 12, 1958, a number of military-political leaders and some ordinary members and supporters were forced to take the path of the Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan. They faced great problems in terms of housing, food, clothing, and health. Of course, considering the economic, social and other conditions after the Second World War, these bad conditions seem natural and acceptable in terms of the lack of basic biological facilities. But in these circumstances, what was seen from the behavior of the communist government of the Soviet Union in practice was the dual and discriminatory treatment of the refugees of the democratic sect. The military and political leaders of the Democratic Party, along with a few others, had the facilities and privileges, but at the same time, as mentioned above, a very large number of simple refugees in addition to the smallest living facilities including food, housing, health, clothing. Etc. were deprived. Distance from family and relatives became an additional problem and they demanded to return to Iran. But party and military leaders were free of this problem. It should be noted that he was the only sincere leader of Muhammad who wanted to return home. The article seeks to answer the question of whether the Soviet treatment of refugees was discriminatory. The hypothesis of the article is that the slogan of socialist equality of the Soviet government in dealing with the refugees of the democratic sect was forgotten. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - "Investigating the evolution of HSE in the world and Iran"
Fatemeh Kazemi Sima KazemiThe beginning of immunity has been associated with the creation of man. A time when nature and wild animals were considered a threat to early humans. Early humans, like other creatures, instinctively avoided danger to save their animal lives. From the psychological poin MoreThe beginning of immunity has been associated with the creation of man. A time when nature and wild animals were considered a threat to early humans. Early humans, like other creatures, instinctively avoided danger to save their animal lives. From the psychological point of view, after the physiological needs, the need for safety, like human instincts, is considered one of the most basic human needs in the direction of his growth and prosperity. In the era when man's only tools were stone, wood, and bone, according to the type and nature of dangers, the way of avoiding them also changed, and mankind started preparing measures to deal with the dangers related to tools. Safety has been important since the beginning of human life on the planet and has changed shape throughout history. Knowing the history of safety in the world and in Iran can be a perspective for the future. Humanity has been seeking effort and activity since it has known itself, and naturally, it has gone through changes in the course of time. In the periods when human life was supported by hunting and fishing or agriculture, due to the simplicity of the tools, the complications related to the job (safety and health of the work environment) were insignificant and in most cases from a few scratches with simple wounds to maximum Fractures of limbs have not increased, but gradually as the industry progressed and mechanical and electric power was created, the risks also increased in the same proportion. With the occurrence of the industrial revolution in the years 1760 to 1830 in England and its spread to other European countries, the mechanical and electrical driving force was created. These transformations also had negative aspects, the most important of which are industrial accidents, noise, environmental pollution and air pollution. Regarding the prevention of industrial accidents, it should be acknowledged that mankind has accumulated a lot of painful experience. Manuscript profile
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