List of Articles ایران.

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  1 - Ideological religion and the disenchantment of politics
  Mahereh  Kuohnavard Ahmad bostani
  The Islamic Revolution of Iran was a movement based on religious ideology, and one of its most important goals was to confront the process of secularization in society and establish a religious government. However, after the revolution, the process of disenchantment int More

  The Islamic Revolution of Iran was a movement based on religious ideology, and one of its most important goals was to confront the process of secularization in society and establish a religious government. However, after the revolution, the process of disenchantment intensified both in the theoretical dimension and in the practical aspects of society and politics. Although the term disenchantment is used in Max Weber's works to describe the modernization and rationalization of Western societies, in this article, we will show that in post-revolutionary Iran, this process has not necessarily always been associated with more rational and scientific processes. Therefore, the present article aims to discuss the process through which the political and social application of religion would lead to the disenchantment of politics and society. To explain this process, we will emphasize that the Ideologization of religion requires the transformation of Sharia and religious teachings into a secular structure and adherence to the logic of temporal relations. Therefore, in certain circumstances, the ideological conception of religion can accelerate the process of disenchantment. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Factors and Obstacles Affecting the Role of Civic Institutions in the "Reform Period" in Iran: The Internal Dynamics of a Hybrid Political System
  Alireza  Khoshbakht Majid tavasoli Mohammadmahdi mojahedi
  The purpose of this article is to discuss the political ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran (1997-2005). To analyze the “Islamic Republic of Iran” as a political regime and its dynamics, “Hybrid Regimes” theories have been used in current work. Such theories rejec More

  The purpose of this article is to discuss the political ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran (1997-2005). To analyze the “Islamic Republic of Iran” as a political regime and its dynamics, “Hybrid Regimes” theories have been used in current work. Such theories reject the duality of Democracy-Authoritarianism and try to provide essential concepts for analyzing the regimes which are in the middle of the spectrum. Those regimes have unique features in comparison to Democratic or Authoritarian regimes. To analyze the Islamic Republic of Iran as a political regime and to explain the ups and downs of the “Reform era” in Iran, the studies of four researchers on “hybrid Regimes” have been used here. Some of the keynotes which have been applied to the current study to discuss the political ups and downs of that specific period are as follows: the importance of political competition, social and political backgrounds of creation of the Islamic Republic of Iran as a hybrid regime, and finally, the relation between such a regime and rentier economy in Iran. Finally, the article has concluded that the reformist’s earlier progress and their later withdraw and defeat could be considered as “inner dynamics of a hybrid regime” instead of the “the defeated transition to democracy”. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Political Economy of State Developmentalism in Iran: A Study of Douglas North's Theory of Open and Restricted Access in the Islamic Republic
  Ali  Ranjbarki
  This article explains the developmentalist status of political rule in the period of the Islamic Republic of Iran using the institutional theory of open and limited access "Douglas North". According to North, the elites and political rulers (ruling coalition) in a socie More

  This article explains the developmentalist status of political rule in the period of the Islamic Republic of Iran using the institutional theory of open and limited access "Douglas North". According to North, the elites and political rulers (ruling coalition) in a society have two ways of forming social order and controlling violence. On the one hand, the open access system, which has impersonal rules and regulations, the rule of law and productive rent-seeking, which guarantees public access to society's resources and assets. And, on the other hand, the limited access system, which seeks to establish personal and private relationships and rules, sheikh and disciple (Murid &Morad) networks, unproductive rent-seeking and restricting the access of others to the resources and assets of society. Empirical evidence shows that open access systems guarantee and accelerate the achievement of economic development. Restricted access systems are not inherently developmental because economic development conflicts with the personal and group interests of the ruling coalition. Hence, political rule does not make a serious effort to address the problems and shortcomings in the path of economic development. In Iran, with the formation of the Islamic Revolution, the ground was opened for further opening of the social access system. But over time, with the occurrence of various internal and external events, political rule tended to limit the country's social system. This led to a special group of Islamists (traditional and fundamentalist right) becoming the dominant coalition of the country and using various strategies and policies to try to gain access to the sources of power and assets of the country in a centralized and exclusive way. Under these institutional conditions, the behavior of the country's political rulers is shaped in such a way that their main goal is to maintain the current political system in order to guarantee monopoly and centralized power and maximum access to the country's resources and assets. Therefore, increasing and allocating unproductive rents from oil revenues and government monopolies to groups affiliated with the ruling coalition, establishing personal and private relations and organizations, and restricting the participation and access of other groups to the economic and political resources of the country are the dominant coalition strategies. These strategies hinder the continuation and acceleration of economic development in the country. Thus, the behavior and plans of political rulers are not developmental. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Critique of Homayoun Katozian's view of "Iranian tyranny"
  Abdolrahman  Hassanifar
  One of the common theories focused on politics, society, and state in Iran is the "theory of despotism". Many Iranian and non-Iranian thinkers have commented and even theorized about why and how the emergence, formation, and continuation of "despotism" in Iran. Mohammad More

  One of the common theories focused on politics, society, and state in Iran is the "theory of despotism". Many Iranian and non-Iranian thinkers have commented and even theorized about why and how the emergence, formation, and continuation of "despotism" in Iran. Mohammad Ali (Homayoun) Katozian is one of the Iranian scholars who have proposed the view of "despotism" on the history of Iran. In Katouzian's view, Iranian society and state have historically been in a cycle of "despotism, chaos, chaos, and despotism". In this view, Iranian society has always been either plagued by despotism or by chaos, conflict, and strife. Katozian's view emphasizes the comprehensive impact of authoritarian political power on other dimensions of society. The question is whether Katozian's view of Iranian despotism is a result of the whole of Iranian history? The findings indicate that Katozian's view is not relevant to the entire history of Iran and this article examines this discrepancy. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Mortgage of Jointly Owned Property in the Jurisprudence of Five Religious Schools of Law and in Iranian Law
  Saeed  Farsad
  Abstract: Mortgage of jointly owned property (indivisum) is permissible according to Imamiyah, Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali (except Hanafi) schools of Law because it is an instance of the rule of dominion. This is because conclusion of the mortgage contract does not mea More

  Abstract: Mortgage of jointly owned property (indivisum) is permissible according to Imamiyah, Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali (except Hanafi) schools of Law because it is an instance of the rule of dominion. This is because conclusion of the mortgage contract does not mean possession of the jointly owned property. It is clear that submission of the jointly owned property to the mortgagee, in cases where it requires possession of the shares of the other partners, requires obtaining their consent. In cases where the mortgager submits the property to the mortgagee without the consent of the other partners, he shall be considered legally responsible for that. However, in cases where the submission of property means evacuation, the submission of the property does not mean possession of the shares of other partners, thus according to the jurisprudence of the above-said schools of law it does not need their consent for evacuation. This paper intends to study these issues in the jurisprudence of the abovementioned five schools of law and in the Iranian law. Manuscript profile
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  6 - بررسی و رتبه‌بندی استان‌های ایران به لحاظ شاخص‌های خلاقیت
  Mohammadsaeed Zabihidan
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  7 - Unemployment, Uneven Regional Development And Spatial Patterns of Internal Migration in Iran
  Rasoul Sadeghi
  Internal migration and movement occur in response to a wide range of factors with different effectiveness. One of the important and key contexts for the formation of internal migration is spatial inequality in facilities, opportunities and development components. In thi More

  Internal migration and movement occur in response to a wide range of factors with different effectiveness. One of the important and key contexts for the formation of internal migration is spatial inequality in facilities, opportunities and development components. In this regard, the article uses the secondary analysis of the 2016 census data at the provincial and county levels to investigate the impact of youth unemployment and unequal regional development on internal migration in Iran. The results showed the spatial clusters of unemployment and underdevelopment in the country and inequality in access to economic and social resources and opportunities on the one hand, and regional differences in migration rates, on the other hand. The highest level of development and the lowest unemployment rate of young people, as well as high immigration in the central regions of the country, especially the capital. In contrast, the western, northwestern, eastern and southeastern border regions have the lowest level of development and the highest unemployment and emigration rates. Therefore, internal migration is a dynamic, multidimensional process that arises from structural conditions and regional inequalities. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Social Problems Threatening Social Health and having Priority in Iran
  hassan Rafiee Ameneh Setareh Frouzan sina ahmadi
  Priority setting helps maintain a clear focus, and according to the limitation of resources, it is necessary for reducing and controlling the burden of social problems better resource allocation. The present study aimed to identify and prioritize Iran's most critical so More

  Priority setting helps maintain a clear focus, and according to the limitation of resources, it is necessary for reducing and controlling the burden of social problems better resource allocation. The present study aimed to identify and prioritize Iran's most critical social problems. This study was conducted in two steps. In the first step, a framework for classifying social problems was developed by reviewing the literature. Based on this framework, a list of social problems was prepared and categorized. In the second step, by studying the articles and books published in the field of social health, 20 experts in this field were selected and provided with the framework. Utilizing the Delphi method, the experts were asked to rank the mentioned list based on the three criteria including; prevalence, severity, and importance. Expert opinions were taken in three rounds. The country's social problems were categorized into three categories in order of priority. Although problems in society are numerous, the ten problems that have been assigned the highest priority in the present study are unemployment, corruption, income inequality, expensive housing, mistrust, poverty, reduction of productive investment, addiction, crime, and desperation. Planning for interventions and conducting social health research in the coming years should consider the aforementioned high-priority social problems that impose the most significant burden on society. The diverse social problems prioritized do not have exactly the same causes, consequences, and ways of control; therefore, identifying specific solutions to control them should be the next step in the process of social health planning. Manuscript profile
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  9 - A Comparative Study of Identification and Implementation of Foreign Judgments in Civil and Commercial Matters in Iranian Law and the Hague Convention of 1971
  Abasat Pour mohammad Faeze Jahani moghadam
  10.61186/ahrar.45966.4.8.1
  In the development of international relations, the identification and implementation of judgments issued by foreign courts are of great importance. Among the international organizations in The Hague, the Hague Convention is unique in the field of private international l More

  In the development of international relations, the identification and implementation of judgments issued by foreign courts are of great importance. Among the international organizations in The Hague, the Hague Convention is unique in the field of private international law, and among them, the 1971 Hague Convention represents a turning point in international efforts to create uniform laws and principles for recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments. In Iranian laws, the conditions for identifying and enforcing judgments are also stated in Article 169 of the Civil Procedure Code. In this article, a comparative study is attempted using library research method and descriptive-analytical approach on the identification and implementation of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters with a focus on the provisions of the 1971 Hague Convention and Iranian civil laws. Manuscript profile