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1 - The Relation of Subject and Structural Authority in Althusser and Lacan's Views
peyman zanganeh Seyyed Hossein Athari Ruhollah islami reza nasiri hamed

 The Relation of Subject and Structural   Authority in Althusser and Lacan's Views       Peyman Zanganeh <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">*</a>   Seyyed Hossein Athari<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2">**</a>   Ruhollah Eslami <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3">***</a>   Reza Nasiri Hamed<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4">****</a>       Paradigms are common semantic patterns that guide the kind of attitude towards the world and social practices. Tradition, Modernism and Postmodernism are often used to refer to intellectual developments in the foundations and assumptions as well as the consequences of thought-making throughout history. One of the most important principles of this paradigm division is the analysis of the ratio of structure to broker and th<a name="_GoBack"></a>eir interaction and interaction. In particular, it seems that the ratio of structure and agent in contemporary thought has become much more complex than the dual-division and inherently common and conventional as poststructuralist thinkers or postmodern inspiring thinkers like Jacques Lacan have advanced their discussions using the unconscious conception of man as a structure based on language. On the other hand, classifiable thinkers in the modern approach such as Louis Althusser, with their structuralist viewpoint, have provided the grounds for doubt in the independent and self-founded identity of the subject. In this article, by focusing on a reading of Althusser's and Lacan's views, some of the similarities of their viewpoint and its consequences on the relation between the subject and authority are discussed. The findings of the study indicate that in the process of developing the subject in the context of language and ideology and in relation to social structures, with all the fluctuations and ups and upheavals, the subject does not die and the power along with its repressive and limiting aspect also builds the subject. Therefore, in Althusser's thought, along with many similarities with Lacan's thought, the authority is more important and in Lacan's attitude, the subject has more possibilities to escape from authority. So Althusser has considered the subject under it by discussing ideology, although from his point of view in the field of ideology, there is also the possibility of forming resistance centers. In addition, Lacan also considers language as a dominant structure of the subject that directs its actions, but is affected by the transformation of the political in his view, a kind of situation of impulsivity and evasion from authority in the subject.   Keywords: Language, Desire, Apparatus, Unconscious and objective reality.       <div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" /> <div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">*</a> Ph.D Student in Political Science (Political Thoughts), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. peyman.zanganeh@mail.um.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title="" href="#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2">**</a> Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. athari@um.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn3" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn3;" title="" href="#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3">***</a> Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. eslami.ir@um.ac.ir </div> <div id="ftn4" style="mso-element: footnote;"> <a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn4;" title="" href="#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4">****</a> Assistant Professor, Political Science Department, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran. r.nasirihamed@tabrizu.ac.ir </div> </div>   Manuscript profile

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