The Relation of Subject and Structural Authority in Althusser and Lacan's Views
Subject Areas : Research in Theoritical Politics
peyman zanganeh
1
,
Seyyed Hossein Athari
2
,
Ruhollah islami
3
,
reza nasiri hamed
4
1 - Ph.D Student in Political Science (Political Thoughts), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
2 - Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 - Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
4 - Assistant Professor, Political Science Department, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
Keywords: Language, Desire, Apparatus, Unconscious and objective reality.,
Abstract :
The Relation of Subject and Structural
Authority in Althusser and Lacan's Views
Peyman Zanganeh *
Seyyed Hossein Athari**
Ruhollah Eslami ***
Reza Nasiri Hamed****
Paradigms are common semantic patterns that guide the kind of attitude towards the world and social practices. Tradition, Modernism and Postmodernism are often used to refer to intellectual developments in the foundations and assumptions as well as the consequences of thought-making throughout history. One of the most important principles of this paradigm division is the analysis of the ratio of structure to broker and their interaction and interaction. In particular, it seems that the ratio of structure and agent in contemporary thought has become much more complex than the dual-division and inherently common and conventional as poststructuralist thinkers or postmodern inspiring thinkers like Jacques Lacan have advanced their discussions using the unconscious conception of man as a structure based on language. On the other hand, classifiable thinkers in the modern approach such as Louis Althusser, with their structuralist viewpoint, have provided the grounds for doubt in the independent and self-founded identity of the subject. In this article, by focusing on a reading of Althusser's and Lacan's views, some of the similarities of their viewpoint and its consequences on the relation between the subject and authority are discussed. The findings of the study indicate that in the process of developing the subject in the context of language and ideology and in relation to social structures, with all the fluctuations and ups and upheavals, the subject does not die and the power along with its repressive and limiting aspect also builds the subject. Therefore, in Althusser's thought, along with many similarities with Lacan's thought, the authority is more important and in Lacan's attitude, the subject has more possibilities to escape from authority. So Althusser has considered the subject under it by discussing ideology, although from his point of view in the field of ideology, there is also the possibility of forming resistance centers. In addition, Lacan also considers language as a dominant structure of the subject that directs its actions, but is affected by the transformation of the political in his view, a kind of situation of impulsivity and evasion from authority in the subject.
Keywords: Language, Desire, Apparatus, Unconscious and objective reality.
* Ph.D Student in Political Science (Political Thoughts), Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
peyman.zanganeh@mail.um.ac.ir
** Corresponding Author: Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
athari@um.ac.ir
*** Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
eslami.ir@um.ac.ir
**** Assistant Professor, Political Science Department, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran.
r.nasirihamed@tabrizu.ac.ir
استاوراکاکیس، یانیس (1392) لاکان و امر سیاسی، ترجمه محمدعلی جعفری، تهران، ققنوس.
برمن، مارشال (1398) تجربه مدرنیته؛ هر آنچه سخت و استوار است، دود می¬شود و به هوا می¬رود، ترجمه مراد فرهادپور، چاپ چهارم، تهران، طرح نقد.
تورن، آلن (1380) نقد مدرنیته، ترجمه مرتضی مردیها، تهران، گام نو.
راگلند، الی (1384) «مفهوم رانه مرگ نزد لاکان»، ترجمه شهریار وقفی¬پور، ارغنون، شماره 26 و 27، بهار و تابستان، صص 341-382.
ریتزر، جورج (1385) نظریه جامعه¬شناسی در دوران معاصر، ترجمه محسن ثلاثی، چاپ یازدهم، تهران، علمی.
عضدانلو، حمید (1400) از استعمار تا گفتمان استعمار: دریچه¬ای به ادبیات و نظریه¬های پساستعماری، تهران، نشرنی.
فینک، بروس (1397) سوژه لاکانی بین زبان و ژوئیسانس، ترجمه محمدعلی جعفری، چاپ دوم تهران، ققنوس.
کنوبلاخ، هوبرت (1391) مبانی جامعه¬شناسی معرفت، ترجمۀ کرامت¬الهن راسخ، چاپ دوم، تهران، نشرنی.
کوهن، توماس اس (1392) ساختار انقلاب¬های علمی، ترجمه عباس طاهری، چاپ سوم، تهران، قصه.
مولّلی، کرامت (1388) مقدماتی بر روان¬کاوی لکان؛ منطق و توپولوژی، تهران، دانژه.
Althusser, Louis (1969) For marx, Trans. By. Ben Brewester, London, Verso.
------------------- (1971) Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays, Trans. By Ben Brewster, New York, Monthly Review Press.
------------------ (1996) Writings on Psychoanalysis: Freud and Lacan, Trans. By Jeffrey Mehlman, New York, Columbia University Press.
----------------- (2005) For Marx, Trans. By Ben Brewster, London, Verso.
----------------- (2015) Essays in Self-Criticism, Trans. By Grahame Lock, London, NLB.
Anderson, Benedict (2006) Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spred of Nationalism, London, Verso.
Chiesa, Lorenzo (2007) Subjectivity and Otherness: A Philosophical Reading of Lacan, Cambridge, The MIT Press.
Davies, Tony (2001) Humanism, London, Routledge.
Dowling, William C. (1984) Jameson, Althusser, Max: An Introduction to the Political Unconscious, Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
Eagleton, Terry (1996) Literary Theory An Introduction, Malden Blackwell Publishing.
Hall, Donald E. (2004) Subjectivity, New York, Routledge.
Ferretter, Luke (2006) Louis Althusser, Abingdon, Routledge.
Goldmann, Lucien (2009) Lukacs and Heidegger: Toward a New Philosophy, Trans. By William O. Boelhwer, New York, Routledge.
Homer, Sean (2005) Jacques Lacan, Abingdon, Routledge.
Lacan, Jacques (1991a) The Seminar Of Jacques Lacan; Book I Freud's Papers on Technique 1953-1954, Trans. By John Forrester, Edi. By Jacques-Alain Miller, New York, W. W. Norton & Company.
----------------- (1991b) The Seminar Of Jacques Lacan; Book II The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis 1954-1955, Trans. By Sylvana Tomaselli, Edi. By Jacques-Alain Miller, New York, W. W. Norton & Company.
----------------- (1999) Ecrits, Trans. By Bruce Fink, New York, W. W. Norton & Company.
---------------- (2004) The Four Fundamental Concepts Of Psycho-Analysis, Trans. by Alan Sheridan, Edited by Jacques-Alain Miller, London, , Karnac.
McLellan, David (1986) Ideology, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press.
Miller, Peter (2020) Domination and Power, Abingdon, Routledge.
Mouffe, Chantal (1993) The Return of The Political, London, Verso.
Nobus, Dany (2000) Jacques Lacan the Freudian Practice of Psychoanalysis, London, Rourledge.
Resch, Robert Paul (1992) Althusser and the Renewal of Marxist Social Theory, Berkeley, University of California Press.
Roudinesco, Elisabeth (1997) Jacques Lacan, Trans. Βy Barbara Bray, New York, Columbia University Press. Stavrakakis, Yannis (2002) Lacan and the Political, London, Routledge.
