Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effect of endurance exercise combined with myoclinic diet and Calorie restriction on the lipid profile of overweight women. Materials and Methods: The method of the present study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. For this purpose, 45 women referred to the Tehran Region 1 Fitness Club with a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 30 and in the age group of 35 to 45 years voluntarily participated in this study. Subjects were homogeneously divided into three groups of 15 people based on weight, height and body mass index, including the endurance training group with myoclinic diet, the endurance training group with Calorie restriction and the endurance training group alone. Endurance exercise was three sessions per week for eight weeks. The program, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise, starting at 65% of maximum heart rate and increasing by 5% every two weeks until it reached 80% of maximum heart rate in the last week. The recommended diet for the endurance training groups with the Myoclink diet and the endurance training group with the Calorie restriction was given. Endurance training was also asked not to change their normal diet. Subjects' lipid profiles were measured before and after the training protocol. One-way ANOVA use for data analyses. Results: The results showed that in overweight women endurance training combined with myoclinic diet and endurance training combined with Calorie restriction improve the lipid profile (lowering total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels and increasing HDL) more than endurance training alone. (P ≤ 0.05) ؛ Also, there was no significant difference between the effect of endurance training with myoclinic diet and endurance training with Calorie restriction on improving lipid profile. (P ≥ 0.05) Conclusion: Combining endurance training with myoclinic diet or calorie control can be effective in improving the fat profile. Manuscript profile

Background: Reactive oxygen species are produced in response to strenuous, prolonged exercise, such as swimming, which results in cell damage. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of antioxidant and coenzyme 10Q supplementation on some indicators of muscle injury in water polo boys. Materials and Methods: The 24 boy water polo players with at least 5 years of training experience and in the age range of 17 to 23 years were randomly divided into three groups )8 people (of vitamin C, coenzyme Q10 and control. Subjects in the vitamin C group (500 mg of vitamin C tablets) and subjects in the coenzyme Q10 group (300 mg of coenzyme Q10 tablets) were consumed daily with food for two weeks. Trainings were performed for two weeks, 6 sessions per week and 90 minutes per session. Evaluation of CK, LDH and AST indices in the state of at least twelve hours of fasting was performed in three stages: previous, immediately and 24 hours after the completion of the protocol. One-factor analysis of variance test with repeated measures was used. Results: The results showed that CPK decreased significantly after fourteen days of supplementation in coenzyme Q10 group and increased significantly 24 hours after the last training session and in vitamin C group after fourteen days of supplementation and 24 hours after the last training session increased significantly. There was no significant difference in LDH and AST levels between the groups (P <0.05). Conclusion: It seems taking coenzyme Q10 supplements may possibly reduce some indicators of muscle damage after water polo training. Manuscript profile

Background: Leptin, produced from obesity gene, plays a key role in weight regulation. Rural women are vulnerable due to some social restrictions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of aerobic training along with curd consumption on cortisol, leptin and calcium levels in rural overweight women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 32 overweight women with an age range of 30-40 years were randomly divided into four groups (control, supplement, training, training + supplement). The training program was running on a treadmill for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week, each session 30 minutes with an intensity of 65% MHR in the first week and reached 45 minutes with an intensity of 70% MHR in the eighth week. 100 grams of curd for eight weeks, three days a week, were given to the supplemented groups. Blood samples were taken before and after the training program in the fasting state. Data were evaluated using multivariate covariance analysis (P ≥ 0.05). Results: The results showed that eight weeks of aerobic training with curd consumption caused a significant decrease in leptin, fat percentage and a significant increase in calcium in women (P=0.000). But it had no effect on cortisol. Conclusion: aerobic training with curd can prevent injuries related to excess weight by improving fat metabolism and reducing leptin. To lose weight and maintain bone density in rural women, aerobic training along with curd consumption is recommended. Manuscript profile

Background: The use of different kinds of dietary supplements is rising dramatically on a global scale these days. These substances include multifunctional performance-enhancing supplements, herbal supplements, and everyday vitamins. The main objective of this research is to find out how bodybuilding athletes' performance quality, muscle efficiency, and degree of satisfaction are affected by sports supplements. Materials and Methods: This study used a survey approach conducted in the field using a standardized questionnaire in conjunction with a descriptive-analytical research design. The study's statistical population included 131 participants who were among the top ten bodybuilding competitors at national championships. For statistical analysis, Friedman and linear regression tests were used after the data was collected. Results: The study results suggest that the majority of respondents concur that the use of sports supplements directly affects the functioning of body muscles. Moreover, the prolonged use of supplements that enhance weight and muscle volume has an increased effect on the performance of these athletes. The benefits of sports supplements are particularly noticeable throughout the second to fourth years of training for bodybuilding athletes as they continue to use these supplements. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that sports supplements have a discernible influence on muscle efficiency and the performance of bodybuilding athletes. Nevertheless, the use of sports supplements does not have a substantial impact on athlete satisfaction. Manuscript profile