Identifying and Investigating Organizational Factors for the Implementation of Open Innovation in Iran Universities
Subject Areas :mahdi mohajerani 1 , karimi fariba 2 , mohammad ali nadi 3
1 -
2 -
3 -
Keywords: Open Innovation, Thematic Analysis, Iran Universities, Organizational Factors, Factor Analysis,
Abstract :
The main purpose of this research is to identify and investigate the organizational factors for implementing open innovation in Iran universities. This study was a qualitative-quantitative research. The field of research in the qualitative section was all open innovation articles and books in the period from 2007 to 2018 and open innovation components were extracted by thematic analysis in an inductive manner. In this research, the "Thematic Network" was used. The validity of the research was approved by the referee by the audit method. To calculate reliability, coding was done by studying row to row of selected resources manually by two individuals individually. After coding, the results of these two coding were compared by the Holsti method. The result of thematic analysis was the extraction of 20 basic themes from different sections of the articles. From these basic themes, 3 organizing themes and finally global theme of “organizational factors” were extracted. Then the proposed innovation model was designed and a questionnaire was prepared for fitting this model. The proposed model has three factors related to the organizational preparation, human resource preparation, and setting up for idea creation, which offered three dimensions for the university to exploit the open innovation. The statistical population in the quantitative part of the research was the managers of the centers of growth and innovation of various universities, including State universities, Islamic azad universities, Payam Noor universities, Scientific and Applied Sciences universities, and Medical universities licensed by the Ministry of Science and also faculty member of entrepreneurship management. To evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire, the Lawshe method was used. In order to study the structural validity of the test, the analysis of the questions was done by confirmatory factor analysis method. All calculated factor loads were greater than 0.6 indicating their favorable condition. Also, all calculated pi values were less than 0.05 which indicated a significant relationship between each factor and the main factor higher than its own. The reliability of the final test was also examined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. All calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficients were greater than 0.7 which showed reliability acceptable. the results of the validity and reliability testing of the quantitative part confirmed the proposed model.
باقری نژاد، ج. و جاوید، غ. (1393)، ارائه مدل نوآوری باز در صنعت بانکداری ایران(مطالعه موردی : بانک پارسیان). نوآوری و ارزش آفرینی، 2(5)، 21-41.
2. توکلی، غلامرضا ؛ صفدري رنجبر، مصطفی و سلامي، سیدرضا (1396). همكاري هاي علمي و فناورانه ميان دانشگاه و صنعت (روند تاريخي، اهداف، چالش ها و سازوكارها). توسعه تكنولوژي صنعتي، 14(27)، 5-16.
3. حسن آبادی، پ. و منطقی، م. (1394). تغییرات ساختار سازمانی مورد نیاز جهت اجرای نوآوری باز. کنفرانس بین المللی مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی، دبی.
4. حسینی، احمد ؛ شمس، فاطمه (1393). تاثیر رفتار سازمانی مثبت و نوآوری باز بر بهبود مزیت رقابتی. مطالعات مدیریت بهبود و تحول، 23(75)، 137-159.
5. خسروپور، ح. ؛ فیضی، ک. و طبائیان، س.ک. (1392). بررسی و رتبهبندی عاملهای موثر بر سازوکار بهکارگیری رویکرد نوآوری باز در صنعت هوایی ایران. نشریه علمی-پژوهشی مدیریت نوآوری، 2(4)، 1-26.
6. رمضانپور نرگسی، قاسم ؛ داوری، علی ؛ افراسیابی، راحله و زرگران یزد، بهار (1393)، بررسی تاثیر عوامل درونی و بیرونی بر نوآوری باز (مورد مطالعه: مراکز تحقیقاتی وزارت صنایع و علوم). مدیریت توسعه فناوری، 2(1)، 29-44.
دانشگاه یزد). نامه آموزش عالی، 11(41)، 137-166. 7. زنجیرچی، م. ؛ جلیلیان، ن. و معین زاده، م.م. (1397). ارائه مدل جامع از عوامل مؤثر برموفقیت نوآوری باز با رویکرد مدل سازی ساختاری-تفسیری (مورد مطالعه: دانشگاه یزد). نامه آموزش عالی، 11(41)، 137-166.
8. صفدری رنجبر، مصطفی ؛ منطقی، منوچهر و توکلی، غلامرضا (پاییز 1393)، نوآوری باز: نگاهی جامع بر مفاهیم، رویکردها، روندها و عوامل کلیدی موفقیت. رشد فناوری، 10(40)، 10-17.
9. مدهوشی، مهرداد ؛ کیاکجوری، کریم (1396). شناسایی موانع نوآوری باز در دانشگاهها. فصلنامه آموزش علوم دریایی، 4(4)، 1-15.
10. Attride-Stirling, J. (2001). Thematic networks: an analytic tool for qualitative research. Sage Journal Qualitative Research, 1(3), 385-405.
11. Arora, A., & Gambardella, A. (2010). Ideas for rent: an overview of markets for technology. Industrial and Corporate Change, 19(3), 775-803.
12. Becker, B. A., & Eube, C. (2018). Open innovation concept: integrating universities and business in digital age. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 4(1), 12-28.
13. Baron, M. (2017). Open Innovation Capacity of the Polish Universities. Journal of the knowledge economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-017-0515-8
14. Chesbrough, H., & Rosenbloom, R.S. (2002). The role of the business model in capturing value from innovation: evidence from Xerox Corporation's spin‐off companies. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(3), 529–555.
15. Chesbrough, H. (2003c). The logic of open innovation: Managing intellectual property. California Management Review, 45(3), 33-58.
16. Chesbrough, H. W. (2003a). The era of open innovation. MIT Sloan Management Review, 44(3), 35-41.
17. Chesbrough, H. W. (2003b). Open Innovation: the new imperative for creating and profiting from technology. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
18. Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke W., & West J. (2004). Open innovation: Researching a new paradigm. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
19. Chesbrough, H. (2006).Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
20. Chesbrough, H., & Crowther, A. K. (2006). Beyond high tech: early adopters of open innovation in other industries. R&D Management, 36(3), 229-236.
21. Chesbrough, H., & Schwartz, K. (2007). Innovating Business Models with Co-Development Partnerships.Research-Technology Management, 50(1), 55-59.
22. Cassiman, B., & Veugelers, R. (2006). In search of complementarity in innovation strategy: Internal R&D and external knowledge acquisition. Management Science, 52(1), 68-82.
23. Durst, S., & Stahle, P. (2013). Success Factors of Open Innovation - A Literature Review. International Journal of Business Research and Management (IJBRM), 4(4), 111-131.
24. Etzkowitz, H., & Leydesdorff, L. )2000(. The dynamics of innovation: form National systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of university industry government relations. Reaearch Policy, 29, 109-123.
25. Etzkowitz, H. (2008). The triple helix: university-industry-government innovation in action. New York: Routledge.
26. Enkel, E., Gassmann, O., & Chesbrough, H. (2009). Open R&D and open innovation: exploring the phenomenon. R&D Management, 39(4), 311-316.
27. Gassmann, O., & Enkel, E. (2005). Open Innovation. Zeitschrift Führung Organisation, 75(3), 132-138.
28. Geuna, A., & Muscio, A. (2009). The governance of university knowledge transfer: A critical review of the literature. Minerva, 47(1), 93-114.
29. Gonzalez, J. J., & Alvarez, L. C. (2019). Open innovation joined to knowledge management in latin american public universities. Comparative case. Revista Espacios. 40(15), 17.
30. Herzog, P. (2011). Open and Closed Innovation - Different Cultures for Different Strategies. Springer : 9-57.
31. Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, (30), 607-610. 32. Lawshe, CH. (1975). A Qualitative Approach to Content Validity. Personnel Psychology, 28(4), 563-575.
33. Lee, J., Min, J., & Lee, H. (2016). The Effect of Organizational Structure on Open Innovation: A Quadratic Equation. Procedia Computer Science, (91), 492 – 501.
34. Perkmann, M., & Walsh, K. (2007). University–industry relationships and open innovation: Towards a research agenda. International journal of Management Reviews, 9(4), 259-280.
35. Perkmann, M., & Walsh, K. (2008). Engaging the scholar: Three types of academic consulting and their impact on universities and industry. Research Policy, 37(10), 1884-1891.
36. Perkmann, M., & Walsh, K. (2009). The two faces of collaboration: impacts of university-industry relations on public research. Industrial and Corporate Change, 18(6), 1033–1065.
37. Striukova, L., & Rayna, T. (2015). University-industry knowledge exchange: An exploratory study of Open Innovation in UK universities. European Journal of Innovation Management, 18(4), 471-492.
38. Steiner, A., Morel, L., & Camargo, M. (2014). Well-suited organization to open innovation: empirical evidence from an industrial deployment. Journal of Innovation Economics & Management. 1(13), 93-113.
39. Tidd, J. (2014). Open innovation research, management and practice. London: Imperial College Press.
40. Veugelers, R., & Del Rey, E. (2014). The contribution of universities to innovation, (regional) growth and employment. EENEE Analytical Report No. 18.
