An Analysis of the Political-Security Integration of the European Union within the Framework of Realist Approaches
Subject Areas : PoliticsSeyed Davood Aghaee 1 , Yasser Nooralivand 2 , Ebrahim Bagheri 3
1 - University of Tehran
2 -
3 -
Keywords: realism neo-realism European Union security integration common foreign and security policy.,
Abstract :
The entrance of the European Union as a supranational actor into the field of political-security issues is a rare occurrence that has challenged realism as the most important state-centered theory in the international arena. Therefore, since the theory of realism as the main theory in the field of security issues does not recognize any role for non-state actors in this field, the question is brought forward that how do this theory and its various branches analyze and evaluate the actions and role of the European Union regarding political-security issues? In response, it can be said that this theory, at first, did not pay enough attention to the EU's security developments, due to the fact that it did not consider the EU a non-state actor, but as the EU began to formulate a common foreign and security policy and European security and defense policy and to establish European rapid reaction forces, it was forced to present some views in this regard. Although all branches of realism, due to their belief in the monopoly of state actors in the international arena, and their emphasis on elements such as national interests and national sovereignty, do not provide a clear-cut view on the political and security integration of the European Union, defensive neo-realists have a clearer and more optimistic view on the evolution of political and security integration at the EU level, due to the importance attached by them to the role of institutions in establishing security cooperation between states.
اشنایدر، کریگ آ. (1385)، امنیت و راهبرد در جهان معاصر، ترجمه اکبر عسگری و فرشاد امیری، تهران: پژوهشکده مطالعات راهبردی.
بیلیس، جان و استیو اسمیت (1383)، جهانی‌شدن سیاست: روابط بین‌الملل در عصر نوین، جلد اول، ترجمه ابوالقاسم راه چمنی و دیگران، تهران: ابرار معاصر.
تريف، تري و دیگران (1384)، مطالعات امنيتي نوين، ترجمه عليرضا طيب و وحيد بزرگي، تهران: پژوهشكده مطالعات راهبردي.
خالوزاده، سعید (١٣٨٥)، اتحاديه اروپايي، تهران: سمت.
خالوزاده، سعید و كياني، داوود (١٣٨٧)، اتحاديه اروپا و نظام بین‌الملل، تهران: معاونت پژوهش‌های سیاست خارجی مرکز تحقیقات استراتژيك.
زنگنه، حمید (1389)، اتحادیه اروپا: از پیمان نیس تا پیمان لیبسون، تهران: دفتر مطالعات سیاسی و بین‌المللی.
نقیب‌زاده، احمد (1384)، اتحادیه اروپا از آغاز تا امروز، تهران: قومس.
Bache, Ian and et al (2014), Politics in the European Union, Oxford University Press.
Baldwin, D. A. (1993), Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate (New Directions in World Politics), Columbia University Press.
Bindi, F. (2010), European Union Foreign Policy: A Historical Overview in The Foreign Policy of the European Union: Assessing Europe’s Role in the World, Washington: Brookings Institute press.
Crowe, Brian (2005), “A Common European Foreign Policy after Iraq?”, International Affairs, Vol.79, No.3: 533-546.
Dagand, S. (2008), “The impact of the Lisbon Treaty on CFSP and ESDP”, European Security Review, Vol.10, No.37: 1-7.
Freire, M. R. (2008). The European Security and Defence Policy: History, Structures and Capabilities, M. Merlingen and R. Ostrauskaite, European Security and Defence Policy: An implementation perspective, No.11.
Gibss, Louise (2000), “Is The European Union Becoming A Great Power?”, Department of Government and International Relations University of Sydney, Australia.
Glaser, C. (1995), “Realists as Optimist: Cooperation as Self Help”, International Security, Vol.19, No.3: 50-90.
Grevi, G. (2009), European Security and Defense policy, The First Ten Years (1999-2009), European Union Institute for Security studies.
Grieco, J (1988), “Anarchy and Limits of Cooperation: A Realist Critique of the Newest Liberal Institution”, International Organization, Vol.42, No.3: 485-507.
Hill, C. and Smith, M. (2011), International Relations and the European Unoin, Oxford University Press.
Howorth, J. (2003), France, Britain and the Euro-Atlantic Crisis, Survival, Vol.45, No.4: 173-192.
Howorth, Jolyon (2011), The EU’s Security and Defense Policy: Towards a Strategic Approach in International Relations and the European Union, Oxford: Oxford University Press, Second Edition.
Hyde-Price, Adrian (2004), The EU, Power and Coercion: From ‘Civilian’ to ‘Civilising’ Power,
In CIDEL Workshop, Oslo: 22-23.
Keane, R. (2005), “European Security and Defense Policy: From Cologne to Sarajevo”, Global Society, Vol.19. No.1: 89-103.
King, Anthony (2005), “Toward a transnational Europe: The case of the armed force”, European Journal of Social Theory, Vol.8, No.3: 321-340
Lynch, P. and Neuwahl N. (2000), Reforming the European Union From Maastricht to Amsterdam, Pearson Education.
Mearsheimer, J. (1995), “The Fales Promise of International Institutions”, International Security, Vol.19, No.3: 5-49.
Menon, A. (2011), “European Defense Policy from Lisbon to Libya”, Survival, Vol.53, No.3:75-90.
Rosecrance, R. (1998), “The European Union: A new Type of International Actor,”In Paradoxes of European Foreign Policy, ed. J. Zielonka, 15–23, The Hague: Kluwer Law International.
Schweller, R. (1996), “Neo-realism’s Status-Quo Bias: What Security Dilemma?”, Security Studies, Vol.5, No.3: 90-121.
Smith, K. E. (2003), “Understanding the European foreign policy system”, Contemporary European History, Vol.12, No.2: 239-254.
Walt, S. M. (1987), The Origins of Alliances, Cornell University Press.
Waltz, K. N. (1993), “The emerging structure of international politics”, International security, Vol.18, No.2: 44-79.
Wanger, R. (2006), The Real Power of the CFSP and ESDP? A Theoretical and Practical approach, available at: http://www.styletheworld.com, (accessed by: Oct 20, 2011).
Hyde-Price, Adrian (2004), The EU, Power and Coercion: From ‘Civilian’ to ‘Civilising’ Power,
In CIDEL Workshop, Oslo: 22-23.
