A Comparative Study of Approaches and Implementation of Knowledge-Based Economy and Providing Suggestions for Iran
Subject Areas : Investigating the optimal situation of technology growth in the country and how to achieve it
Kiarash Fartash
1
,
Mohammad Reza Attarpour
2
,
Amirhadi Azizi
3
,
Ali Asghar Sadabadi
4
1 -
2 - Allameh Tabataba’I University
3 -
4 -
Keywords: Knowledge-Based Economy, Innovation, Development, Development Approaches, Iran,
Abstract :
In this paper, a comparative study of the history and different approaches of knowledge based economy as an influential concept in promoting national resilience and sustainable development in Iran and several selected countries (from developed and developing countries) is discussed. In this regard, while comparing policy making in different countries to establish a knowledge-based economy, we offer lessons learned for Iran to achieve a knowledge-based economy. One of the most important points drawn from the study of countries as joint focus points is the specific and sometimes unique nature of knowledge-based economy development policies in each country with regard to the industrial and technological context of each country. Accordingly, policies that have led to the development of a knowledge-based economy in a developing or developed country do not necessarily lead to similar results in other developing or developed countries, and may even have devastating economic consequences. It should be note that knowledge-based economics is not limited to advanced technologies. The main factor in achieving knowledge-based economics, in addition to advanced technologies, is focusing on innovation as the axis of enhancing productivity of economic activities and competitiveness that can span a range of activities. Include low and medium technology additionally, coordination and integration between players, especially policymakers and government players (institutions and organizations) at the highest levels is an essential requirement for the realization of a knowledge-based economy at national level.
1- فلاح، الهام؛ سلامی، رضا؛ بررسی تطبیقی دانش‌بنیانی اقتصاد ایران با کشورهای منتخب آسیایی و ارائه نقشه راه برای بهبود وضعیت ایران، دوفصلنامۀ سیاست‌گذاری پیشرفت اقتصادی، شماره 13، صص 145-169، 1395.
2- ملکی، علی؛ گذار از اقتصاد نفتی به اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان و تحلیل نقش سیاستهای علم، فناوری و صنعت: مشخصات اقتصادهای نفتی، سیاستنامه علم و فناوری، شماره 1، صص 43-60، 1390.
3- عظیمی، ناصرعلی؛ برخورداری دورباش، سجاد؛ شناسایی اقتصاد دانشبنیاد، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور، چاپ اول، 1389.
4- عمادزاده، روحاله؛ شهنازی، مصطفی؛ دهقان شبانی، زهرا؛ ”بررسی میزان تحقق اقتصاد دانشمحور در ایران (مقایسه تطبیقی با سه کشور همسایه)“، فصلنامه پژوهشهای رشد و توسعه‌پایدار، سال ششم، شماره دوم، صص 103-132، 1385.
5- سوزنچی کاشانی، ابراهیم، رویکردها و مبانی اقتصاد دانشمحور، مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام، مرکز تحقیقات استراتژیک، تهران، چاپ اول، 1389.
6- سلامی، سیدرضا؛ حمیدی، مهدی؛ ”بررسی تاثیر حقوق مالکیت فکري بر انتقال در بستر DUI فناوري و نوآوري مبتنی بر اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان در کشورهاي توسعهیافته و در حال توسعه“، فصلنامه توسعه تکنولوژي صنعتی، شماره 36، صص 72-59، 1398.
7- سوزنچی کاشانی، ابراهیم؛ اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان، تأملی در مفاهیم و نظریه‌ها، انتشارات پژوهشگاه مهندسی بحران‌های طبیعی شاخص پژوه، چاپ اول، اصفهان، ایران، 1393.
8- مروی، علی؛ اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان: تعريف، حوزه‌هاي پوشش، شاخص‌هاي اندازه‌گيري، سياست‌ها و اثرات کلان اقتصادي، گزارش منتشر نشده، پژوهشکده مطالعات فناوری، آبان 1393.
9- فرتاش، کیارش؛ عطارپور، محمدرضا؛ علیزاده، پریسا؛ اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان: مروري بر تاريخچه، رويكردها و تجارب پنج كشور منتخب در راستاي استقرار اقتصاد دانش‌بنيان، دفتر مطالعات ارتباطات و فناوري‌هاي نوين (گروه فناوري‌هاي نو)، 1394.
10- الیاسی، مهدی؛ عطارپور، محمدرضا؛ خوش‌سیرت، محسن؛ ”مروري بر سیاستهاي موفق همپایی فناورانه در کشورهاي در حال توسعه“، فصلنامه توسعه تکنولوژي صنعتی، شماره 27، صص 54-39، 1395.
11- الیاسی، مهدی، سیاست‌گذاری علم، فناوری و نوآوری: الزامات توسعه زیست‌بوم اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان، معاونت علمی و فناوری رییسجمهور، 1398
12- OECD; Dynamising National Innovation Systems, Paris: OECD, 2002.
13- Http://farsi.khamenei.ir/keyword-content?id=2590
14- UNCTAD; Science, Technology and Innovation policy Review of the Islamic Republic of Iran, UN, 2017.
15- OECD; The Knowledge Based Economy, OECD/GD (96) 102, p.7, 1996.
16- Smith, K. H.; What is the Knowledge Economy? Knowledge intensity and distributed knowledge bases, United Nations University, Institute for New Technologies, 2002.
17- OECD; The Knowledge- Based Economy: A Set of Facts and Figures, Paris: OECD, 1999.
18- Abramovitz, M., & David, P. A.; “Technological change and the rise of intangible investments: The US economy’s growth-path in the twentieth century”. Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy, 35-50, 1996.
19- Lundvall, B. A., & Foray, D.; The knowledge-based economy: from the economics of knowledge to the learning economy. Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-Based Economy, 14, 1996.
20- OECD; The Implications of the Knowledge-Based Economy for Future Science and Technology Policies, OCDE/ GD (95) 136, Paris, 1995.
21- Webb, C.; Knowledge-Based Industries, DSTI/EAS/IND/ SWP (2001)13, Paris: OECD, 2001.
22- Halme, K. Lindy, L. Piirainen, K. Salminen, V. and White, J.; Finland as a Knowledge Economy 2.0: Lessons on Policies and Governance. The world Bank. Directions in Development Science, Technology, and Innovation. /2006_ahogroup_en.htm, 2014.
23- Pajarinen, M., P. Rouvinen, and P. Ylä-Anttila; Where does value come from: Finland in the Global competition, ETLA Series B247. Helsinki: Taloustieto Oy, 2010.
24- Hanhijoki, I., J. Katajisto, M. Kimari, and H. Savioja; Education, Training, and Demand for Labour in Finland. Publication 2012: 16. Helsinki: Finnish National Board of Education, 2012.
25- Dahlman, C., J. Routti, and P. Ylä-Anttila; Finland as a Knowledge Economy: Elements of Success and Lessons Learned. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2007.
26- Alahuhta, M.; Team Finland: Taloudellisten ulkosuhteiden verkosto [A Network of External Economic Relations]. Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Helsinki, 2012.
27- Lehtola, J; Politiikkatoimien vaikuttavuusarvioinnin kehittäminen: Huomioita pilottihankkeista [Developing Evaluation and Impact Assessment: Observations from Pilot Projects]. Publication 2/2011. Helsinki: Prime Minister’s Office, 2011.
28- Hart, S. L.; Capitalism at the Crossroads: Next Generation Business Strategies for a Post-Crisis World. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing, 2010.
29- India, Ministry of External Affairs; Report of the High-Level Committee on Indian Diaspora. New Delhi. http://indiandiaspora.nic.in/, 2000.
30- India, Department of Science and Technology; Science and Technology Policy 2003. New Delhi. http://www.nstmis-dst.org/, 2003.
31- India, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion; Startup India: Action Plan, New Delhi. https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/StartupIndia_ActionPlan_16January2016.pdf, 2016.
32- India, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Department of Telecommunications; Broadband Policy, 2004.
33- Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J. A., & Woren, D.; Why nations fail: the origins of power, prosperity and poverty (Vol. 4). New York: Crown Business, 2012.
34- Gill, I., & Raiser, M.; Golden Growth. Restoring the Luster of the European Economic Model. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2012.
35- The World Bank; Turkey: Knowledge Economy, Assessment Study. Private and Financial Sector Unit Europe and Central Asia Region. Washington, D.C, 2004.
36- The World Bank; Turkey’s Transitions: Integration, Inclusion, Institutions. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/ The World Bank. Washington DC, 2014.
37- UNCTAD; Science, Technology and Innovation policy Review of the Islamic Republic of Iran, UN, 2005.
38- Gatti, R., Morgandi, M., Grun, R., Brodmann, S., Angel-Urdinola, D., & Moreno, J. M; Jobs for shared prosperity: time for action in the Middle East and North Africa. World Bank Publications, 2013.
