چهارچوب اثربخشی مداخلات دولتیِ تحقیق و توسعه بر عملکرد بنگاه¬ها؛ یک رویکرد فراترکیب
الموضوعات :زهرا محمدهاشمی 1 , سید سپهر قاضی نوری 2 , مهدی سجادی¬فر 3
1 - سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور،تهران
2 -
3 - گروه فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ،تهران
الکلمات المفتاحية: مشوق مالی, مشوق مالیاتی, اثربخشی, اثر افزونگی, فراترکیب,
ملخص المقالة :
سیاستگذاران برای دستیابی به اهداف مورد نظر خود ابزارهای سیاستی متنوعی را طراحی می کنند که اجرای موفقیت آمیز این ابزارها، نیازمند تحلیل و بررسی نتایج و اثرات آنها است. در این راستا، روش های مختلفی برای بررسی اثربخشی مداخلات دولت به کارگرفته شده و ارزش و شایستگی آنها را از ابعاد مختلف بر ذینفعان تعیین می شود. هدف مقاله حاضر، بررسی عمیق، شناسایی و دسته بندی شاخص های اثرگذاری ابزارهای سیاستی مالی و مالیاتی است که توسط دولت ها در حمایت از کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط یا نوآور و بمنظور تحریک تحقیق و توسعه ارائه می شوند. بدین منظور، بر اساس روش فراترکیب 279 مقاله و گزارش از پایگاه های رسمی و معتبر شناسایی شده و پس از طی مراحل لازم 67 سند مورد تحلیل نهایی قرار گرفته است. با تجزیه و تحلیل و ترکیب کیفی نتایج مطالعات ارزیابی سیاست، 15 شاخص اثر گذار بر عملکرد شرکت ها شناسایی شد که این شاخص ها در قالب سه دسته اثر افزونگی ورودی، افزونگی خروجی و افزونگی رفتاری در نگاشت تحقیق جایگذاری شدند. در پایان به منظور تعیین میزان اهمیت و پشتیبانی این مطالعات، با استفاده از روش آنتروپی شانون به تعیین ضریب اثر اجزای شناسایی شده در نگاشت پرداخته شد که شاخص هزینه کرد تحقیق و توسعه از دسته افزونگی ورودی و شاخص نوآوری از دسته افزونگی خروجی بیشترین تاثیر را دارا بودند.
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3. سهرابی، بابک؛ اعظمی، امیر؛ یزدانی، حمیدرضا(1390). آسیب شناسی پژوهشهای انجام شده در زمینه مدیریت اسلامی با رویکرد فراترکیب. فصلنامه چشم انداز مدیریت دولتی.
شاه‌طهماسبی، مجید.، جوادیان، مجید.، نیکبخت، محمدجواد. (1391). بررسی نقش اعطای تسهیلات به بنگاه‌های کوچک و متوسط صنعتی در ایجاد اشتغال (مورد مطالعه: کارگاه‌های صنعتی شهر تهران). فصلنامه علوم اقتصادی، 1، 30-7.
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6. Aralica,Z.,& Botrić,V.(2013) . Evaluation Of Research And Development Tax Incentive Scheme In Croatia ,Ekonomska Istrazivanja-Economic Research,26(3): 63-80.
7. Agrawal, A,. Rosell, C and Simcoe S.T.(2014).Do Tax Credits Affect R&D Expenditures by Small Firms? Evidence from Canada NBER Working Paper No. 20615 .
4. Aschhoff,B,.( 2009).The Effect of Subsidies on R&D Investment and Success – Do Subsidy History and Size Matter? . Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW). Success – Do Subsidy History and Size Matter? . Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW).
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6. Alecke, B., T. Mitze, J. Reinkowski and G. Untiedt (2012). ‘Does firm size make a difference? Analysing the effectiveness of R&D subsidies in East Germany’, German Economic Review, 13, 174–195.
7. Albors-Garrigos,J. and R.R. Barrera (2011). ‘Impact of public funding on a firm’s innovation performance:Analysis of internal and external moderating factors’, International Journal of Innovation Management,15, 1297–1322.
8. Almus, M. and D. Czarnitzki (2003). ‘The Effects of Public R&D Subsidies on Firms' Innovation Activities: The Case of Eastern Germany’, Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 21(2), 226-236.
9. Afcha.s and García-Quevedo,J.(2014). The impact of R&D subsidies on R&D employment composition , CENTRUM Católica’s Working Paper No. 2014-11-0003.
10. Autio, E., S. Kanninen and R. Gustafsson (2008). ‘First-and second-order additionality and learning outcomes in collaborative R&D programs’, Research Policy, 37, 59–76.
11. Arque-Castells P. and P. Mohnen, (2011). How can subsidies be effectively used to induce entry into R&D? Micro-dynamic evidence from Spain, International workshop on R&D Policy Impact Evaluation: Methods and Results, organised by Université Paris 1, ICN Business School and CREST with the support of the French Ministry for Higher Education and Research, Paris November 3 and 4.
12. Bloch, C., and Graversen, E.K. (2008). Additionality of public R&D funding in business R&D. Working Paper No 5. The Danish Center for Studies in Research and Research Policy, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
13. Bronzini, R. and Iachini, E. (2014). Are incentives for R&D effective? evidence from a regression discontinuity approach. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 6(4):100–134.
14. Bozio, A., Irac, D., & Py, L. (2014). ‘Impact of research tax credit on R&D and innovation: evidence from the 2008 French reform’, Paris: Banque de France. 15. Bérubé, C. and Mohnen, P. (2009) .Are firms that receive R&D subsidies more innovative? Canadian Journal of Economics, 42(1): 206-225.
16. Bench, S., & Day, T. (2010). The user experience of critical care discharge: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research. International journal of nursing studies, 47(4), 487–499.
17. Billings, B.A., B.G.N. Musazi and J.W. Moore (2004). ‘The effects of funding source and management ownership on the productivity of R&D’, R&D Management, 34, 281–294.
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