چهارچوب اثربخشی مداخلات دولتیِ تحقیق و توسعه بر عملکرد بنگاه¬ها؛ یک رویکرد فراترکیب
محورهای موضوعی : عمومىزهرا محمدهاشمی 1 , سید سپهر قاضی نوری 2 , مهدی سجادی¬فر 3
1 - سیاستگذاری علم و فناوری، مرکز تحقیقات سیاست علمی کشور،تهران
2 -
3 - گروه فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه علم و فرهنگ،تهران
کلید واژه: مشوق مالی, مشوق مالیاتی, اثربخشی, اثر افزونگی, فراترکیب,
چکیده مقاله :
سیاستگذاران برای دستیابی به اهداف مورد نظر خود ابزارهای سیاستی متنوعی را طراحی می کنند که اجرای موفقیت آمیز این ابزارها، نیازمند تحلیل و بررسی نتایج و اثرات آنها است. در این راستا، روش های مختلفی برای بررسی اثربخشی مداخلات دولت به کارگرفته شده و ارزش و شایستگی آنها را از ابعاد مختلف بر ذینفعان تعیین می شود. هدف مقاله حاضر، بررسی عمیق، شناسایی و دسته بندی شاخص های اثرگذاری ابزارهای سیاستی مالی و مالیاتی است که توسط دولت ها در حمایت از کسب و کارهای کوچک و متوسط یا نوآور و بمنظور تحریک تحقیق و توسعه ارائه می شوند. بدین منظور، بر اساس روش فراترکیب 279 مقاله و گزارش از پایگاه های رسمی و معتبر شناسایی شده و پس از طی مراحل لازم 67 سند مورد تحلیل نهایی قرار گرفته است. با تجزیه و تحلیل و ترکیب کیفی نتایج مطالعات ارزیابی سیاست، 15 شاخص اثر گذار بر عملکرد شرکت ها شناسایی شد که این شاخص ها در قالب سه دسته اثر افزونگی ورودی، افزونگی خروجی و افزونگی رفتاری در نگاشت تحقیق جایگذاری شدند. در پایان به منظور تعیین میزان اهمیت و پشتیبانی این مطالعات، با استفاده از روش آنتروپی شانون به تعیین ضریب اثر اجزای شناسایی شده در نگاشت پرداخته شد که شاخص هزینه کرد تحقیق و توسعه از دسته افزونگی ورودی و شاخص نوآوری از دسته افزونگی خروجی بیشترین تاثیر را دارا بودند.
Policymakers devise a variety of policy tools to achieve their goals that successful implementation of these tools requires an analysis of their results and effects. In this regard, various methods are used to examine the effectiveness of government interventions and their value and merit are determined from different dimensions on the stakeholders. The present study is conducted with the aim of qualitative composition the results of previouse studies in the field of evaluating the effectiveness of financial and tax incentive tools provided by governments in support of small and medium-sized or innovative businesses in order to stimulate research and development. For this purpose, 279 articles and reports from official and valid databases are identified, based on the Meta-synthesis methodology and after the completion of the necessary steps, 66 documents are finalized. By analyzing and qualitative combining the results of policy evaluation studies, 15 effective indicators on firms performance are identified. These indicators are embedded in the research map in to 3 groups inputs, output and behaviural additionality. finally, through Shannon entropy method, the coefficient of effect the identified components in the map are determined. Research and development expenditure index from input additionality category and innovation index from the output additionality category respectivly have most important and influential in firms.
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