ارزیابی دیرین¬بوم¬شناسی گرافوگلپتیدهای نهشته¬های فلیش ائوسن، باختر
محورهای موضوعی :نصراله عباسی 1 , حامد یاراحمدزهی 2 , سارا نخجیری 3 , علی جلالی 4 , حمید حافظی مقدس 5
1 - دانشگاه زنجان
2 - گروه زمین شناسی و مرکز تحقیقات علوم زمین, دانشکده علوم,دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان
3 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان
4 - دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران
5 - گروه زمین شناسی، دانشکده علوم دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد
کلید واژه: اثر فسیل# دیرین بوم‌شناسی# رسوب‌گذاری رخدادی# فلیش# خاش#,
چکیده مقاله :
رخنمون‌های گسترده ای از نهشته های توربیدایتی در منطقه خاش واقع در جنوب خاوری ایران در دسترس هستند. این رسوبات از توالی چرخه ای مارن، شیل، سیلت‌سنگ و ماسه‌سنگ تشکیل شده اند که در طی جریان رسوب‌گذاری رخدادی ته‌نشست شده اند. اثر فسیل‌های گرافوگلپتید فراوان از این نهشته ها جمع آوری و مورد شناسایی قرار گرفتند که شامل 17 اثرجنس هستند. این گرافوگلپتیدها در دو دسته پیش از رخداد رسوبی (توربیدایتی) و پس از رخداد قابل تفکیک هستند. اثر فسیل های پیش از رخداد رسوبی متنوع و در بسترهای گلی ایجاد شده اند و شامل Desmograpton، Helminthorhaphe، Paleodytion، Protopaleodictyon، Scolicia، Spirophycus، Spirorhaphe، Squamodictyon و Urohelminthoida می‌باشند. اثر فسیل-های پس از رخداد رسوبی در درون لایه های دانه درشت تر سیلت و ماسه سنگ باقی مانده‌اند و به‌طور نسبی از فراوانی اندکی برخوردارند و شامل Helicodromites ، Helminthopsis، ،Nereites،Paleomeandron ، Phycosiphon و Planolites هستند. برخی از اثر فسیل ها چون Paleodictyon متاثر از جریانات بستر در هنگام تشکیل نیز بوده و در جهت جریان آرایش یافته اند. به نظر می‌رسد بسترهای گلی پیش از رخداد توربیدایتی محل مناسبی برای اثرسازهای با منش زیستی K و بسترها پس از رخداد رسوبی مناسب فعالیت اثرسازهای درون رسوبی با منش زیستی R بوده است. چنین تحلیل‌های ساختاری اثرفسیل و ارتباط آنها با شرایط محیط رسوبی در تفسیر محیط رسوبی و شرایط تشکیل نهشته‌های توربیدایتی اهمیت دارد.
Extensive outcrops of Eocene flysch deposits are available in the Khash area, south-east Iran. These flysches comprise sedimentary cycles of marl, shale, siltstone, and sandstone with erosional structures such as groove and flute casts. The studied sediments are deposited as a result of event-sedimentation. Diverse graphoglytids have been collected from an outcrop of these sediments, located 15 Km west of Khash. Seventeen ichnogenera have been determined among the studied deposits. Most of these trace fossils were formed in the pre-event sedimentation phase on the muddy substrates, and they include Desmograpton, Helminthorhaphe, Paleodytion, Protopaleodictyon, Scolicia, Spirophycus, Spirorhaphe, Squamodictyon, Urohelminthoida. Post-event trace fossils are low in ichnodiversity and form in the sandy or silty substrates, they consists of Halopoa, Helicodromites, Helminthopsis, Nereites, Paleomeandron, Phycosiphon, and Planolites. Some of the trace fossils such as Paleodictyon are aligned with respect to the paleocurrent directions, and were affected by the currents. It seems that fine-grained pre-event sediment surfaces was favorite for K-strategist, while post-event sediments were occupied by R-strategist trace-makers.
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