مدل‌سازی احتمالی تقاضای بار ایستگاه شارژ سریع برای خودروهای الکتریکی عمومی
محورهای موضوعی : مهندسی برق و کامپیوترحسین یوسفی 1 , مقداد تورانداز کناری 2 , محمدصادق سپاسیان 3
1 - دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
2 - دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3 - دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
کلید واژه: ایستگاه شارژ سریعبار شارژتئوری صفخودروهای الکتریکیشبیه‌سازی مونت‌کارلومدل‌سازی احتمالی,
چکیده مقاله :
با توجه به عوامل اقتصادی و زیست‌محیطی، انتظار می‌رود در آینده‌ای نزدیک استفاده از خودروهای الکتریکی به‌خصوص با قابلیت اتصال به شبکه، افزایش قابل توجهی پیدا کند. نفوذ بالای خودروهای الکتریکی می‌تواند شبکه را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد و از این رو در سال‌های اخیر مطالعات زیادی به اثرات شارژ خودروهای الکتریکی بر روی شبکه پرداخته‌اند. در این مقاله، مدلی احتمالی بر پایه تئوری صف و همچنین شبیه‌سازی مونت‌کارلو با نرم‌افزار ED برای استخراج تقاضای بار ایستگاه شارژ سریع ارائه شده است، با این فرض که خودروهای مورد بررسی، تاکسی‌های شهرستان آمل در استان مازندران باشند. داده‌های مورد نیاز مانند زمان مراجعه و وضعیت شارژ باتری قبل از شارژگیری، با سه روش از تاکسی‌های درون‌شهری شهرستان آمل جمع‌آوری و استخراج شده است. به دست آوردن منحنی تقاضای بار شارژ خودروهای الکتریکی نیازمند داده‌هایی می‌باشد که وابسته به رفتار ترافیکی رانندگان است. از آنجایی که رفتار صاحبان خودرو غیر قطعی می‌باشد، در نتیجه این داده‌ها به‌صورت متغیرهای غیر قطعی تعریف شده و توسط روش‌های احتمالی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته‌اند.
Considering economic and environmental factors, it is expected that the number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) will be increased, rapidly. The high penetration of EVs, can affect the power system. Therefore, in recent years, various studies have paid their attention to the impacts of PEVs charging on the network. In this paper, a probabilistic model based on the queueing theory is extracted using Monte Carlo simulation for modeling EV charging station load. It is assumed that the vehicles are the taxis of Amol city in Mazandaran province. Required data such as the time of arrival and the state of charge of the battery before charging, were collected and extracted using three methods from intra-city taxis in the city of Amol. To obtain the demand load of EV charging, the traffic-based behavior of drivers is needed. This behavior is stochastic. Therefore, its related variables will not be deterministic and must be evaluated using probabilistic methods.
[1] M. Rahmani-Andebili and G. K. Venayagamoorthy, "SmartPark placement and operation for improving system reliability and market participation," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 123, no. 1, pp. 21-30, Jun. 2015.
[2] S. Schey, Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Deployment Guidelines British Columbia, Ed: PHEV, 2009.
[3] K. Clement-Nyns, E. Haesen, and J. Driesen, "The impact of vehicle-to-grid on the distribution grid," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 185-192, Jan. 2011.
[4] Z. Darabi and M. Ferdowsi, "Aggregated impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on electricity demand profile," IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 501-508, May 2011.
[5] Q. R. Hamid and J. A. Barria, "Distributed recharging rate control for energy demand management of electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 2688-2699, Mar. 2013.
[6] E. Sortomme, M. M. Hindi, S. J. MacPherson, and S. Venkata, "Coordinated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to minimize distribution system losses," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 198-205, Dec. 2011.
[7] J. C. Gomez and M. M. Morcos, "Impact of EV battery chargers on the power quality of distribution systems," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 975-981, Jul. 2003.
[8] N. DeForest, J. Funk, A. Lorimer, B. Ur, I. Sidhu, P. Kaminsky, et al., "Impact of widespread electric vehicle adoption on the electrical utility business-threats and opportunities," Center for Entrepreneurship and Technology: Berkeley, CA, USA, 2009.
[9] Z. Luo, Z. Hu, Y. Song, Z. Xu, and H. Lu, "Optimal coordination of plug-in electric vehicles in power grids with cost-benefit analysis-part ii: a case study in China," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 3556-3565, Nov. 2013.
[10] Q. Gong, S. Midlam-Mohler, V. Marano, and G. Rizzoni, "Study of PEV charging on residential distribution transformer life," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 404-412, Sept. 2012.
[11] A. Mohamed, V. Salehi, T. Ma, and O. Mohammed, "Real-time energy management algorithm for plug-in hybrid electric vehicle charging parks involving sustainable energy," IEEE Trans. on Sustainable Energy, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 577-586, Sept. 2014.
[12] J. G. Vlachogiannis, "Probabilistic constrained load flow considering integration of wind power generation and electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 1808-1817, Nov. 2009.
[13] N. H. Tehrani and P. Wang, "Probabilistic estimation of plug-in electric vehicles charging load profile," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 133-143, Jul. 2015.
[14] S. Bae and A. Kwasinski, "Spatial and temporal model of electric vehicle charging demand," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 394-403, Jul. 2012.
[15] Q. Gong, S. Midlam-Mohler, E. Serra, V. Marano, and G. Rizzoni, "PEV charging control for a parking lot based on queuing theory," in Proc. American Control Conf., pp. 1124-1129, Washington, DC, USA, 17-19 Jun. 2013.
[16] J. Zhu, Y. Li, J. Yang, X. Li, S. Zeng, and Y. Chen, "Planning of electric vehicle charging station based on queuing theory," The J. of Engineering, vol. 1, no. 13, pp. 1867-1871, Jan. 2017.
[17] Y. Zhang, D. Qi, W. Jiang, and S. Lei, "Optimal allocation of charging station for electric vehicle based on queuing theory," Promet-Traffc & Transportation, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 497-505, Oct. 2016.
[18] O. Hafez and K. Bhattacharya, "Modeling of PEV charging load using queuing analysis and its impact on distribution system operation," in Proc. IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 5 pp., Denver, CO, USA, 26-30 Jul. 2015.
[19] D. Wu, D. C. Aliprantis, and K. Gkritza, "Electric energy and power consumption by light-duty plug-in electric vehicles," IEEE Trans. on Power Systems, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 738-746, Jul. 2011.
[20] A. A. Taylor and M. Alexander, "Evaluation of the impact of plug in electric vehicle loading on distribution system operations," in Proc. IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting, 6 pp., Calgary, AB, Canada, 26-30 Jul. 2009.
[21] A. F. Ali, M. Abdel-Akher, Z. Ziadi, and T. Senjyu, "Coordinated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle for voltage profile enhancement of distribution systems," in Proc. IEEE 10th Int. Conf. on Power Electronics and Drive Systems, PEDS'13, pp. 399-404, Kitakyushu, Japan, 22-25 Apr. 2013.
[22] E. Pashajavid and M. Golkar, "Non-Gaussian multivariate modeling of plug-in electric vehicles load demand," International J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 61, pp. 197-207, Oct. 2014.
[23] M. T. Kenari, M. S. Sepasian, and M. S. Nazar, "Probabilistic voltage stability assessment of distribution networks with wind generation using combined cumulants and maximum entropy method," International J. of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 95, pp. 96-107, Feb. 2018.
[24] ا. محرمی و س. اسماعیلی، "برنامه‌ریزی توان راکتیو در حضور توربین بادی با در نظر گرفتن نایقینی بار و تولید،" نشریه مهندسی برق و مهندسی کامپیوتر ایران، سال 13، شماره 2- الف، صص. 108-97، پاییز 1394.
[25] M. Alizadeh, A. Scaglione, J. Davies, and K. S. Kurani, "A scalable stochastic model for the electricity demand of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles," IEEE Trans. on Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 848-860, Sept. 2014.
